Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility Collider Research Articles

RETRACTED: Quasi-frozen spin concept of magneto-optical structure of NICA adapted to study the electric dipole moment of the deuteron and to search for the axion

The “frozen spin” method is based on the idea that at certain parameters of the ring, the particle spin rotates with the frequency of the momentum, creating conditions for the continuous growth of the electric dipole moment signal. The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research [1]. Since a straightforward implementation of the frozen spin regime at NICA is impossible, we suggest an alternative “quasi-frozen spin” concept. In this new regime, the reference particle’s spin-vector precesses with a spin phase advance π ⋅ γG/2 per beam revolution, locally recovering the longitudinal orientation at the location of the electric-magnetic elements, Wien filters, placed in the straight sections. In the deuterons case, thanks to the small magnetic anomaly G, the spin-vector continuously oscillates relative to the direction of the momentum-vector with a small amplitude of a few degrees and the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent. In this paper, we study the spin-orbital motion with the aim of using the NICA collider to measure the EDM. We also comment on the potential of NICA as an axion antenna in both the quasi-frozen spin regime and beyond.

Multipurpose Detector MPD for the Study of Strongly Interacting Matter at the NICA Collider

A new accelerator complex NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility) for the study of the collisions of heavy ions and polarized particles is under construction at JINR (Dubna, Russia). The main goal of the NICA physics program is the experimental investigation of the strongly interacting matter phase diagram in the poorly explored region of the maximal baryon density. As the experimental strategy, a detailed energy and system size scan will be performed with an emphasis to the yields, rapidity spectra, transverse momentum a well as azimuthal angle distributions for multiple probes from gammas to hypernuclei. In order to fulfill all project’s goals, the multipurpose detector MPD is designed as a high acceptance spectrometer allowing full reconstruction of high multiplicity events. In this paper, the MPD project at NICA is described, including the MPD physics cases, the MPD design and the status of project’s realization.

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility Project. The Physics Programme for the Multi-Purpose Detector

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia. The main goal of the planned facility is to provide accelerated particle beams for a wide range of experimental studies of the hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter generated during collisions. The NICA project in its entirety allows for a fixed target experimental site, as well as two interaction points. The heavy ion programme includes two planned detectors: Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N) - a fixed target experiment with extracted Nuclotron beams; and a collider-mode experiment at one of the interaction points - the MultiPurpose Detector (MPD). For the NICA collider, the accelerated beams by design will consist of particles ranging from protons and light nuclei to fully stripped gold ions. Beam energies will span with luminosity Lpp ≥ 1 × 1030 cm−2s−1, and , and average luminosity LAuAu = 1 × 1027 cm−2s−1. The second interaction point is planned to be occupied by a third experiment - Spin Physics Detector (SPD), which will focus on the investigation of nucleon spin structure and polarization phenomena through the use of polarized proton and deuteron beams. A brief overview of the Multi-Purpose Detector is presented along with the major sub-detector systems. The MPD research programme will focus on multiple observables including collective flow, particle multiplicity and spectra. Special attention will be given to strangeness production and vector mesons, event-by-event fluctuations and hadron femtoscopy measurements. Several feasibility studies are referenced.

Dynamic Aperture of the NICA Collider Optimized with a Genetic Algorithm

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) [1] is a heavy-ion collider for studying the properties of hot and dense baryonic matter to be constructed at JINR (Dubna). A major restricting factor on the NICA’s transverse dynamic aperture is the nonlinear fringe field of final-focus quadrupole lenses. We propose to enhance the NICA dynamic aperture with a set of multipole lenses whose characteristics and configuration are optimized using a genetic algorithm.

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility Project. The Physics Programme for the Multi-Purpose Detector

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator complex being constructed at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). The general objective of the project is to provide beams for the experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter. The heavy ion programme includes two planned detectors: BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) a fixed target experiment with extracted Nuclotron beams; and MPD (MultiPurpose Detector) a collider mode experiment at NICA. The accelerated particles can range from protons and light nuclei to gold ions. Beam energies will span GeV with luminosity L ≥ 1 × 1030 cm−2s−1 and GeV and average luminosity L = 1 × 1027cm−2s−1(for 197Au79+), respectively. A third experiment for spin physics is planned with the SPD (Spin Physics Detector) at the NICA collider in polarized beams mode. A brief overview of the MPD is presented along with several observables in the MPD physics programme.

Status of Manufacturing and Testing of Superconducting Magnets for NICA and FAIR Projects

Nuclotron-based ion collider facility (NICA) is an international project-accelerator collider complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to gold in the center of mass energy from 4 to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 1·1027 cm−2·s−1 for Au79+. Collision experiments with polarized deuterons and protons are also foreseen. The facility includes two injector chains, a new superconducting booster synchrotron, the existing 6 AGeV superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron, and a new superconducting collider consisting of two rings, each 503 m in circumference. The planned FAIR synchrotron SIS100 has to deliver high intensity beams for the FAIR project at GSI, Darmstadt. This machine will use fast-cycling 4 T/s magnets with a magnetic field up to 2 T. The NICA booster synchrotron, the NICA collider, and the heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 are based on iron-dominated “window frame”—type magnets with a hollow superconductor winding analogous to the Nuclotron magnet. The status on the manufacturing and testing of the NICA magnets and the SIS100 superconducting quadrupole and corrector magnets are discussed.

BM@N and MPD experiments at NICA

The project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) aims to study hot and baryon rich QCD matter in heavy ion collisions in the energy range [see formula in PDF] = 4 − 11 GeV. The rich heavy-ion physics program will be performed at two experiments, BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) at beams extracted from the Nuclotron, and at MPD (Multi-Purpose Detector) at the NICA collider. This program covers a variety of phenomena in strongly interacting matter of the highest baryonic density, which includes study of collective effects, production of hyperon and hypernuclei, in-medium modification of meson properties, and event-by-event fluctuations.

Feasibility study of heavy-ion collision physics at NICA JINR

The project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is aimed to study hot and baryon rich QCD matter in heavy ion collisions in the energy range up to sNN=11GeV. The heavy ion program includes a study of collective phenomena, dilepton, hyperon and hypernuclei production under extreme conditions of highest baryonic density. This program will be performed at a fixed target experiment BM@N and with MPD detector at the NICA collider.

NICA project at JINR: status and prospects

The project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is aimed to study hot and dense baryonic matter in heavy-ion collisions in the energy range up to 11.0 AGeV . The plan of NICA accelerator block development includes an upgrade of the existing superconducting (SC) synchrotron Nuclotron and construction of the new injection complex, SC Booster, and SC Collider with two interaction points (IP). The heavy-ion collision program will be performed with the fixed target experiment Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N) at the beam extracted from the Nuclotron, and with Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) at the first IP of NICA Collider. Investigation of nucleon spin structure and polarization phenomena is foreseen with the Spin Physics Detector (SPC) at the second IP of the Collider.

The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) of the collider experiment

The project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is aimed to study dense baryonic matter in heavy-ion collisions in the energy range up to $ \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 11$ GeV with average luminosity of L = 1027 cm-2s-1 (for 197Au79). The experimental program at the NICA collider will be performed with the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). We report on the main physics objectives of the NICA heavy-ion program and present the main detector components.

Superconducting Magnets for the NICA Accelerator Collider Project

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is a new accelerator collider complex under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to Gold in the center of mass energy from 4 to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 1 · 10 27 cm -2 s -1 for Au 79+ . The collisions of polarized deuterons are also foreseen. The facility includes two injector chains, a new superconducting booster synchrotron, the existing 6-AGeV superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron, and a new superconducting collider consisting of two rings, each 503 m in circumference. The booster synchrotron and the NICA collider are based on an iron-dominated “window frame”-type magnet with a hollow superconductor winding analogous to the Nuclotron magnet. The status of the serial production and test of the magnets for the booster synchrotron and the development of the full-size model magnets for the NICA collider is presented. The test results of magnets are discussed. The status of the construction of the facility for serial tests of superconducting magnets for the NICA project is described.

Prospects for the dense baryonic matter research at NICA

The project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is aimed to study hot and dense baryonic matter in heavy ion collisions in the energy range up to √sNN=11 GeV at the Nuclotron extracted beams and at the NICA collider with average luminosity of L = 1027 cm-2s-1 (for 197Au79). This study will be performed with two experiments, BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) and MPD (MultiPurpose Detector) at the NICA collider.

Design of a twin-aperture 4 T curved dipole based on high current hollow superconducting cables for the NICA collider at JINR

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is the new accelerator complex currently under construction at JINR. The facility is aimed to provide collider experiments with heavy ions up to uranium with a centre of mass energy up to 9 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 1027 cm-2s-1. The collisions of polarized deuterons are foreseen too. The accelerator complex includes two injector linacs, a superconducting booster synchrotron, a 6 GeV/u superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron) and a collider consisting of two storage rings. Curved superconducting 4 T Cosine(θ)-style dipoles based on a hollow Nuclotron-type cable are chosen for the collider ring lattice. The twin-aperture dipole consists of two vertically assembled cold masses operating at T = 4.5 K placed inside a common thermal shield and a common cryostat. The dipole good field aperture is fixed to 60 mm. The maximum cable operating current is about 17 kA. The field ramp is set to 1 T/s.