Nuclear Tests Research Articles

Assessment of non-destructive nuclear and non-nuclear asphalt density testing devices for Australian road construction

ABSTRACT Non-nuclear density gauges, also known as Pavement Quality Indicators (PQIs), offer several advantages over widely used destructive test methods and nuclear density gauges (NDGs) for asphalt density measurement. Replacing NDGs with PQIs would simplify regulatory requirements and reduce the cost and complexity of in-situ asphalt density measurement. This is due to the absence of nuclear materials and the ability of PQIs to provide measurements rapidly. However, PQIs have not gained widespread use in Australia due to concerns regarding accuracy. This work assesses the suitability of PQIs for both acceptance and quality control testing by analysing a dataset collected over an extended period and across a wide range of construction sites in Australia. Accuracy was evaluated based on the strength of the relationship between gauge measurements and core density results. Although some evidence supporting the use of PQIs for quality control purposes has been found, their use for acceptance testing remains unwarranted. Recommendations for establishing standard testing methods are provided to encourage wider adoption of PQIs.

The effectiveness of implementing the HACCP system to ensure the quality of food products in regions with ecological problems

This study developed and implemented a specific HACCP plan for the meat pate “Phirmennyi” at the small meat processing enterprise “Alteev” in Semey, Kazakhstan. The research, conducted in collaboration with the Department of Food Production Technology and Biotechnology at Shakarim University, was carried out in an area affected by the ecological consequences of the former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. The study aimed to identify critical control points (CCPs) and assess potential risks following the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. Additionally, it evaluated the effectiveness of the HACCP plan in reducing contaminants, such as heavy metals, radionuclides, and pesticides, while considering the region’s environmental impact on food safety and quality. Standard procedures were followed for hazard analysis, CCP identification, setting critical limits, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record-keeping. Heavy metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while Cs-137 radionuclides were analyzed with scintillation and semiconductor gamma spectrometers. Statistical analysis was conducted in Microsoft Excel to compute mean values, standard deviations, and correlations, with significance defined at p ≤ 0.05. Five CCPs were identified during the production of an experimental batch of meat pâté, including raw material acceptance, blanching, cooking, cooling, and packaging/storage. Implementing this plan resulted in a reduction in contaminants, including a decrease in lead from 0.55 to 0.51 mg/kg, arsenic from 0.12 to 0.07 mg/kg, and Cs-137 from 7.2 to 6.8 Bq/kg. By addressing both the contaminants and the specific environmental context of the region, this research demonstrates the critical role of a well-structured food safety plan. The HACCP system not only improved food quality but also ensured compliance with safety standards, providing reassurance to consumers. This case study advocates for broader adoption of food safety management in regions with similar ecological challenges, promoting a more sustainable and secure food supply chain.

Abstract 4124430: Calcinosis Cutis and Heart Failure---A Rare Manifestation Which Should Never Be Ignored!

Introduction: Heart failure can be a manifestation of underlying immune mediated myopathies like dermatomyositis/polymyositis which can present in broad range of clinical manifestations and sometimes dermatologic lesions can be the only manifestation of these underlying pathologies without typically involving the muscle weakness. Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. There are five subtypes of calcinosis cutis, dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic and calciphylaxis. Case summary: 70-year-old female was evaluated for bilateral lower extremity swelling. Past medical history was significant for Graves’ disease, atrial fibrillation, mechanical aortic valve on warfarin, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ascending aortic aneurysm. Work up showed BNP of 4700 pg/ml with normal cardiac enzymes. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed newly reduced ejection fraction of 25—30% with severely dilated left ventricle. Patient refused cardiac catheterization. Nuclear stress test showed no evidence of ischemia. Patient was started on guideline directed medical therapy and biventricular Implantable cardioverter defibrillator device was placed as per cardiology recommendation. Six months later patient developed multiple calcinosis cutis lesions on abdominal wall requiring surgical excisions. Endocrine work up including PTH, serum Ca level was normal, however creatin kinase level was high normal (150 U/L). Serum aldolase was ordered which was found to be elevated(25U/L). Muscle biopsy was performed as per recommendations of rheumatology which was diagnostic of dermatomyositis. Patient was started on high dose steroids and methotrexate and eventually IV immunoglobulins as per rheumatology recommendation. Follow up echocardiogram revealed improved ejection fraction to 40--45% with resolution of any further lesion of calcinosis cutis afterwards. Conclusion: Cardiac involvement such as congestive heart failure can be a part of presentation of underlying untreated myopathies. Calcinosis cutis can be the only clinical manifestation of dermatomyositis affecting heart. Etiology of calcinosis cutis in patients with heart failure should be worked up properly. Dystrophic calcinosis cutis is the subtype associated with underlying autoimmune connective tissue diseases.

Abstract 4144526: A Case Presentation of Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction from Focal Myocarditis due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as pembrolizumab, are an effective immunotherapy for several malignancies, however, have been associated with adverse events including myocarditis and accelerated atherosclerosis. ICI myocarditis is associated with a mortality rate of up to 33%. This case reports a patient on pembrolizumab with an atypical presentation. Case presentation: A 75-year-old female with a past medical history significant for lung cancer on pembrolizumab and myasthenia gravis presented to the hospital with dyspnea and mild, intermittent exertional chest discomfort. She denied nausea, radiation of pain, diplopia, weakness in extremities, or dysphagia. Workup revealed a leucocyte count of 13,500 cells/uL, pro-brain natriuretic peptide of 13,458 pg/mL, troponin of 26 ng/L, and a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein. A chest computed tomography was performed that showed mild bilateral pleural effusion and no pulmonary embolism. A nuclear stress test showed no evidence of ischemia but showed a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 29%. An echocardiogram confirmed that the ejection fraction was reduced at 23% (baseline LVEF was 60% from 1 year ago). Cardiac MRI revealed a mildly increased regional T2 signal in the anterolateral wall, mildly elevated extracellular volume fraction, and no late gadolinium enhancement. With ongoing clinical suspicion despite equivocal findings on cardiac MRI, an endomyocardial biopsy was done that revealed a single small aggregate of lymphocytes present in 1 of 6 tissue samples. Ultimately, with the single site of aggregated lymphocytes on biopsy, a diagnosis of ICI myocarditis was determined, and the patient was started on high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids as well as bisoprolol, empagliflozin, spironolactone, and Entresto for heart failure management as she was able to tolerate. Discussion: Myocarditis due to pembrolizumab is a rare, but potentially lethal adverse effect. Patients typically have abnormal electrocardiograms and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Cardiac MRIs have sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 91% respectively for diagnosis, and the gold standard is endomyocardial biopsy however, it is limited due to sampling error. Our patient had an unusual presentation, but with both imaging and biopsy, we found a case of focal myocarditis with severe left ventricular dysfunction, which typically is seen with fulminant myocarditis.

Investigation of Radioxenon Probability Density Functions at IMS Radionuclide Stations Using a Monte Carlo Method for Background Estimation

Abstract The International Monitoring System, the primary means of verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, monitors the planet for any sign of a nuclear explosion. Regarding the International Monitoring System radionuclide stations, it is known that radioxenon released from nuclear facilities such as medical isotope production facilities and nuclear power plants influences the stations. For the purposes of monitoring nuclear explosions, it is important to better understand the radioxenon background based on these nuclear facilities. The probability density functions of background activity concentration at IMS radionuclide stations are estimated using a Monte Carlo method based on emissions from known nuclear facilities and source receptor sensitivity data. This paper describes two case studies of radioxenon detections at radionuclide stations applying the developed approach. This method could be one of several prospective approaches to predict the activity concentrations of isotopes of radioxenon at radionuclide stations in Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization’s (CTBTO’s) prototype xenon background estimation tool software. It can also be used in characterization of CTBT-relevant nuclear events for expert technical analysis. Plain Language Summary Civil nuclear power stations and medical isotope production facilities release radioisotopes of xenon during their normal operations. These emissions would make it harder to detect xenon produced from any nuclear weapon test that might occur. A method is described that starts with information about civil releases and produces a statistical description of the concentrations of isotopes measured at stations designed to detect nuclear tests. This information makes it possible to enhance nuclear explosion detection performance.

A novel dimension reduction model based on POD and two-grid Crank–Nicolson mixed finite element methods for 3D nonlinear elastodynamic sine–Gordon problem

Earthquake, petroleum and gas extraction, and underground nuclear test all could cause nonlinear tectonic deformation. It is of great significance to effectively predict and evaluate the disasters and impacts of these geological structure deformation. In this end, a three-dimension (3D) nonlinear elastodynamic sine–Gordon model that can be used to describe nonlinear tectonic deformation including 3D displacement vector, 3 × 3 symmetric stress tensor matrix, nonlinear sin term, and singular initial value functions is first proposed. Then, a new time semi-discrete mixed Crank–Nicolson (TSDMCN) scheme for the 3D nonlinear elastodynamic sine–Gordon model is developed, and the existence, stability, and error estimates of the TSDMCN solutions are proved. Next, a new two-grid mixed finite element Crank–Nicolson (TGMFECN) method with unconditional stability for the 3D nonlinear elastodynamic sine–Gordon model is developed, and the existence, stability, and error estimates of the TGMFECN solutions are proved. Thenceforth, it is the most important thing is that a novel reduced-dimensional iterative TGMFECN (RDITGMFECN) method in matrix form is established by resorting to proper orthogonal decomposition only to lower the unknown TGMFECN solution coefficient vectors and keep TGMFECN basis functions unchanged, which can ensure that the RDITGMFECN method has the same accuracy as the usual TGMFECN method, but can greatly lower the dimension of the unknown TGMFECN solution coefficient vectors so as to mitigate calculated workload, save CPU operating-time, improve computing efficiency, and improve real-time calculating accuracy. In theory, the existence, stability, and error estimates of RDITGMFECN solutions are demonstrated by matrix analysis such that the theoretical analysis becomes very intuitive and easy to be understood by the public, which is a new attempt of theoretical analysis. In application, two numerical examples are used to simulate the 3D nonlinear tectonic deformation caused by earthquake and to verify the correctness of our theoretical results and the effectiveness of the RDITGMFECN method.

Pore Structure Characterization and Reservoir Evaluation of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale Based on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Test

Pore Structure Characterization and Reservoir Evaluation of Lacustrine Organic-Rich Shale Based on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Test

Echoes of a Cold War

The Kara Sea was an area of radionuclide contamination as a result of nuclear weapons testing, since it is located in close proximity to the nuclear test site on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The vertical distribution of 137Cs and 210Pb in 15 sediment cores from the sea made it possible to reconstruct the chronology of 137Cs entry into marine sediments. The reconstruction was based on the age-depth model RUS2023 (Rusakov et al., 2024) for 210Pbex, taking into account the grain-size composition and sorption capacity of sediments. Our study showed that higher 137Cs concentrations in sediments of the Novaya Zemlya Trough correspond to the time of active nuclear weapons testing in 1961–63 (about 9.0±1.6 Bq kg‒1), as well as in estuarine sediments of the Yenisei Bay in 1986 (85.2±3.2 Bq kg‒1). The abnormally high flux in 1980s represents the superposition of 137Cs fluxes as a result of global fallout (Chernobyl trace) and as a result of the release of radionuclide from regional source located in the Yenisei River catchment. Both of these events are associated with increased the sedimentation and mass accumulation rates of marine sediments. In 1961‒63, this was a consequence of the release of sediment into the atmosphere due to nuclear explosions, and in the 1980s, as a result of an increase in sediment supply with river runoff. Currently, against the backdrop of a decrease in sediment fluxes into the sea, Novaya Zemlya and Yenisei River remain the main sources of 137Cs supply to marine sediments. Background values for recent sediments in the Kara Sea are <2.0 Bq kg‒1.

Reexamination Confirming Additional Seismic Evidence for the 12 May 2010 Low-Yield Nuclear Test

Reexamination Confirming Additional Seismic Evidence for the 12 May 2010 Low-Yield Nuclear Test

Lesion Characterization by 99mTc-MIBI Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) &amp; 18F-FDG Cardiac PET Following Myocardial Infarction Before Revascularization &amp; Outcome Prediction: Initial Experience in Bangladesh

99mTc-MIBI SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and 18F-FDG cardiac positron emission tomography (Cardiac PET) can assess the extent and severity of myocardial perfusion and metabolic defect following myocardial infarction (MI) and also able to predict the outcome before revascularization in known coronary artery disease patients. About 135 cases of known coronary artery disease patients were enrolled here for combined nuclear imaging tests, rest only ECG gated MPI and FDG cardiac PET to assess myocardial perfusion and viability status following MI prior to revascularization. In this study we want to figure out the utility of this combined protocol for myocardial lesion characterization and its role for clinical decision-making in-patient selection prior to revascularization and treatment planning. We are also intended to share the initial outcome in available follow up cases. J Inv Clin Cardiol 2023; 5(2): 45-52

Void Almanac: A Political-Geologic Rubbing of Nuclear Testing in Mississippi

Although classical physics states that the void lacks matter or energy, the misunderstanding of emptiness as a spatial concept extends far beyond the sciences. The essay explores the concept of empty space, debunking classical physics’ notion of voidness by delving into quantum mechanics, where energy and particles continually manifest through a site investigation of the Salmon & Sterling Nuclear Test Site (located in Lumberton, MS, USA). This revelation challenges colonial ideologies, exemplified by terra nullius, which justified empire-building by claiming certain lands devoid of inhabitants. Operating through a political-geological exploration of repetitive cycles of extraction, speculation, and vacancy at the Salmon & Sterling Site spanning from the Mesozoic Era to the present day, I scrutinize spatial constructions and their reinforcement of prevailing socio-political systems. Juxtaposed against Faulkner’s Southern Gothic literature and Sartre’s existentialism, this essay underscores a modern dialectic between spatial arrangements and anticipations of cataclysmic endings. Through a passenger-traveler account of void-encounter, I propose a reconsideration of “emptiness” through examining its broader spatio-temporal origins and implications in relation to the nuclear detonations. This perspective allows for the synthesis of the inherent paradox of this site: initially conceived from Cold War anxieties to solidify social structures, yet also harboring unpredictable and potentially mutant futures.

Desert(ed) nuclear scapes: a geontological reading of Uday Singh’s Pokhran: a novel

This paper argues that the nuclear deserts of Pokhran in Northwest India are appropriated under ‘developmental regimes’ that employ wastelanding and erasure as strategic tools. Mobilizing Elizabeth A. Povinelli’s concept of ‘geontopower’ and Karen Barad’s ‘agential realism’, we read Uday Singh’s fictional treatment Pokhran: A Novel (2020), which deals with the Pokhran-I nuclear test carried out in 1974, as narrating a tale of power that not only seeps through institutions related to human/life/bio but also as probing socio-materialities through active geo/nonlife/nonhuman entities. These critical taxonomies frame Pokhran-I as a complex site of human-nonhuman entanglements. Human agency has predominantly informed the prevailing discourses on desert(ed) scapes as ‘sacrifice zones’ devoid of agency. However, we interrogate Pokhran as a discard scape, first, via geontopower which evidences wastelanding and erasure, and second, as a potent agential nonhuman entity.

The Swedish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 1961–1967: Political Time Orientation and Worldview

ABSTRACT The Swedish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (SCND) fought the military’s plans to acquire Swedish nuclear weapons and protested the nuclear arms race, 1961–1967. This article presents SCND’s ideological orientation by focusing on temporalities. SCND saw the Second World War as a decisive event and tried to avert a crisis and a dystopia by manifesting remembrance of past nuclear detonations, and by representing a ‘desperate man’ who needed to act directly against nuclear weapons testing and research. As an opinion-forming force, SCND advocated international negotiations and rejected political initiatives regarding disarmament. Furthermore, SCND refused to take a position between West and East in the Cold War and SCND did not strive for a fundamental change of society, a utopia, which can be explained by SCND’s critique of ideology and from its temporal orientation rooted in the present. Nevertheless, the rise of imperialist-critical internationalism led to internal ideological conflicts, and the Swedish Campaign dissolved when only one of the goals was achieved: when Sweden abandoned the plans for nuclear weapons. Some members insisted on continuing the campaign to fight against not least imperialism, and SCND’s downfall in 1967 can be explained by its challenge to navigate an ideologically multifaceted landscape.

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Sperm TERRA Expression and Chromatin Function in Infertile Males: A Preliminary Finding

Telomeres are vital for cellular function. Oxidative stress is detrimental to telomere function as it causes telomere attrition. Increase in oxidative stress has a negative impact on sperm telomere and chromatin integrity and therefore, on sperm function and male fertility. TERRA, a long non-coding RNA is a fundamental component required for telomere length homeostasis. Aim: The present work aimed to study the effect of H2O2 induced oxidative stress on sperm TERRA expression and chromatin function. Methodology: 5 infertile and 5 fertile males were selected for the study. Baseline semen analysis was done as per WHO manual 2021. Sperm TERRA expression was assessed by real time qPCR. To assess chromatin function nuclear chromatin decondensation test was done. Results: Study showed that 500µM H2O2 increased TERRA expression as compared to untreated groups and the difference was found to be statistically significant. As compared to controls, cases showed more fold increase in TERRA expression. When treated samples of control and cases were compared, cases had more TERRA expression than controls however, the baseline TERRA expressions in untreated samples were less in cases as compared to controls. Both comparisons yielded statistically nonsignificant results. When nuclear chromatin decondensation was compared before and after H2O2 treatment, the percentage of sperm head decondensation decreased in both cases and controls. When treated and untreated samples of cases and controls were compared, the difference was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: Oxidative stress led to an increase in the expression of sperm TERRA and had a negative impact on nuclear chromatin decondensation. Similar studies with greater sample size can provide much more insight into TERRA mediated regulation of telomere function and chromatin integrity and how it is affected by oxidative stress.

A Review of the Lawrence Livermore Nuclear Accident Dosimeter 1980s-present

A Nuclear Accident Dosimetry program is a federal requirement for all facilities that have the potential to have a criticality accident. Personnel Nuclear Accident Dosimeter (PNAD) theory and analytical procedures are driven by various scientific needs and interacting regulations. A brief history of the status of USA Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear accident dosimetry regulations, recommendations, and performance testing criteria are given. Then, the history of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) PNAD is explored, including changes in the physical dosimeter and adjustments of the analysis method through the last four decades. Finally, the performance of LLNL’s PNAD at criticality accident intercomparison training exercises since 2009 is explored. In general, reported neutron doses have been within or close to DOE-STD-1098 performance criteria while reported gamma doses have been outside of DOE-STD-1098 performance criteria. Reported total absorbed doses have varied in meeting ANSI/HPS N13.3 and ANSI/HPS N13.3 (R2019) performance criteria. Dosimetry staff retirement and turnover have left historical knowledge gaps, yet provided opportunities within the NAD program at LLNL. This review paper serves as an overview of the history and status of the NAD program. Brief technical, procedural and programmatic recommendations to improve LLNL’s NAD program are given. Technical recommendations include investigating orientation factors through modeling or empirical experimentation, investigating gamma dosimetry methods for high-dose scenarios, and exploring other dosimetric methods for simpler, quicker NAD analysis. Procedural recommendations include better documentation of conversion factor (activity-to-fluence and fluence-to-dose) derivations and spectrum uses, and updated analysis spreadsheets or simple Graphic User Interfaces for dose calculations. Programmatic recommendations include formalized training for NAD analysts, and having multiple SMEs trained on the NAD program.

Revisiting inter‐Korean events and South Koreans’ perception on unification

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine how inter‐Korean events influence South Korean public opinion on unification. It seeks to understand the impact of various political events, including South‐North contacts and North Korean nuclear provocations, on South Koreans' attitudes towards unification.MethodsUsing annual survey data from the Institute for Peace and Unification Studies at Seoul National University (IPUS), this study creates a novel time‐series dataset spanning from 2007 to 2021. We test how each of the inter‐Korean political events affects support for unification and how key individual dispositions moderate the level of support.ResultsThe empirical findings reveal that inter‐Korean summits and family reunions positively affect unification sentiment, with family reunions showing surprisingly stronger impacts than inter‐Korean summits. Regarding North Korea's provocations, nuclear tests negatively influence public support for unification, while ballistic missile launches do not significantly impact unification sentiment, likely due to public habituation.ConclusionThis study contributes to existing literature by providing new empirical insights into the relationship between inter‐Korean political events and public opinion. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on strategic short‐term initiatives, particularly increasing inter‐Korean contacts, to foster long‐term positive sentiment towards unification. However, it's important to note that individual variables become more influential in shaping public opinion over the long term.

Ringing mountain ranges: Teleseismic signature of the interaction of high-frequency wavefields with near-source topography at the Degelen nuclear test site

Summary Over the last decade there has been an international effort to find methods to recover and digitize recordings from historical earthquakes and explosions that occurred during the 1950â&amp;#x80;&amp;#x99;s through to the 1980â&amp;#x80;&amp;#x99;s. Making these recordings accessible in digital format offers opportunities to study what signatures are encoded in the data, and to apply state-of-the-art techniques and methods to historical data. In this study we employ unsupervised machine learning to cluster historical teleseismic waveforms from nuclear explosions conducted at the former USSR Degelen test site, in Kazakhstan, recorded at seismic arrays in the UK (EKA), Canada (YKA), Australia (WRA) and India (GBA). In particular, we use two unsupervised algorithms to cluster waveforms using shape-based clustering: kernel k-means and k-Shape. The algorithms clearly split waveforms into distinct clusters that are spatially related, even when waveform differences are subtle, and we show with local and teleseismic numerical simulations that the clusters are related to the topography. The topography at the Degelen test site has characteristic wavelengths of 2-4 km and local simulations highlight that the seismic wavefield is trapped in reverberating mountain peaks. The location of the explosion is crucial in determining which section of the mountain range reverberates, influencing the outgoing wavefield. Teleseismic waveform simulations confirm that it is this superposition of energy leaving the reverberating peaks that results in the observed teleseismic waveform differences we observe.

7652 Functional Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting As Uncontrolled Hypertension

Abstract Disclosure: B.R. Bedell: None. M. Fariduddin: None. J. Sanchez Perez: None. S.C. Kukreja: None. R.M. Sargis: None. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy, with approximately 2,000 cases reported in the United States since 1970.[1] Many secrete excess adrenocortical hormones, adding to morbidity and mortality. Surgery can be curative or prolong survival if diagnosis is made early, but prognosis remains poor due to delayed detection.[2] We present a case of metastatic functional adrenocortical carcinoma that presented with consequences of long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. A 59-year-old male with history of hypertension and CAD presented to the hospital with worsening bilateral pitting edema, dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, headaches, and proximal muscle weakness over for multiple months. His hypertension (HTN) was noted to be uncontrolled despite use of multiple antihypertensives (daily Lasix 20 mg, Lisinopril 40 mg, Metoprolol Succinate 100 mg and Amlodipine 10 mg). Hypokalemia of 3.0 mmol/l (3.5 - 5.2 mmol/l) was noted. Echocardiogram revealed new heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A subsequent nuclear stress test incidentally revealed a right-sided 15 cm retroperitoneal mass, invading the IVC and the right hepatic lobe. An AM dexamethasone suppression test was notable for a cortisol of 39 ug/dl (&amp;lt;1.8 ug/dl) and an undetectable ACTH level of &amp;lt;1.5 pg/ml (7.2 - 63.3 pg/mL), suggestive of primary hypercortisolism. 24-hour urine cortisol was 930.6 ug/d, (&amp;lt;=60.0 ug/d), DHEA-s 1105 ug/dL (52 - 295 ug/dL), Androstenedione 2.641ng/mL (0.230 - 0.890 ng/mL), and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 299.87 ng/dL (&amp;lt;=138.00 ng/dL). Plasma metanephrines were normal and aldosterone levels were undetectable, confirming cortisol and its precursor excess as the cause of hypertension. Biopsy of the mass was consistent with adrenocortical carcinoma. Due to disease extent, the patient was not a candidate for surgical debulking, and radiation therapy was commenced. Ketoconazole 200 mg and Spironolactone 150 mg twice daily led to improvement in HTN and hypokalemia. His course was further complicated by bacteremia and acute pulmonary embolism. The patient eventually elected to pursue hospice care. Adrenocortical carcinoma remains challenging to detect at early stages given a paucity of symptoms. This case highlights the need to have a high index of suspicion for hypercortisolism in patients with uncontrolled HTN and hypokalemia, as this may be indicative of a functional adrenal cancer. This could be a potential strategy for earlier diagnosis, thereby increasing survival rates by improving disease amenability to surgical intervention. (1.) Sharma E, Dahal S, Sharma P, et al. The Characteristics and Trends in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A United States Population Based Study. J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(8):636-640. doi:10.14740/jocmr3503w (2.) Vaidya A, Nehs M, Kilbridge K. Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin. 2019;12(4):997-1006. doi:10.1016/j.path.2019.08.010 Presentation: 6/2/2024

7298 Hyperventilation Associated Hypophosphatemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalemia And Paralysis

Abstract Disclosure: S. Afreen: Research Investigator; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care, Yes. N. Afreen: None. Introduction: Hyperventilation is over-breathing in excess of the metabolic needs of the body, which can result in respiratory alkalosis and a wide range of electrolyte abnormalities. Case: A 38 year old male with a past history of hypertension, OSA and cholecystectomy reported having episodes of palpitations, tachypnea with respiratory rate as high as 80 breaths/ minute, associated with facial numbness and tingling, tetany, progressing to paralysis of his extremities. These episodes started 7 years ago but gradually became more frequent. He denied anxiety or stressors prior to these episodes. The episodes almost always result in emergency room visits. During one of these episodes he was found to have the following labs: ionized calcium-1 mmol/l, serum phosphorus- 0.8 mg/dl, serum potassium- 2.7 mmol/l, 1.25(OH)2D- 44pg/ml, alkaline phosphatase- 60 IU/l, glucose- 94 mg/dl and GFR- 90 ml/min/1.73m2. VBG during this episode: pH - 7.59, PCO2- 23 mm Hg, and bicarbonate - 22 mmol/l. Of note, the electrolytes are normal in between the episodes. Thyroid labs are normal. Off of phosphate supplementation for 3 days, in between episodes, his serum phos- 4.2mg/dl, cr - 0.84 mg/dl. Second morning urine phos - 84 mg/dl and urine cr - 206.81 mg/dl. Tubular phosphate reabsorption was 91.9%. He had negative Holter, nuclear stress testing and MRI of the brain. No mutations were identified on genetic analysis of CACNA15, KCNJ2, RYR1, SCN4A. During his recent endocrine clinic visit, on physical exam: height- 5 feet 11 inches, weight- 366 lbs weight, BMI- 51.1 kg/m2, BP- 129/89 mm Hg, heart rate- 81 bpm and respiratory rate- 18 breaths/minute. He did have one palpable 1.5 cm left thyroid nodule. Otherwise, the exam was unremarkable. The patient was referred to pulmonology to be evaluated for potential diaphragmatic and lung causes of his tachypnea. He was also referred to psychiatry for evaluation of underlying anxiety. Since these episodes of hyperventilation associated electrolyte abnormalities lead to paralysis, he was started on calcitriol 0.25mcg daily along with 1250 mg potassium phosphate daily. Discussion: Hyperventilation can lead to a respiratory alkalosis and corresponding increase in intracellular pH. High intracellular pH can lead to increased phosphofructokinase activity and glycolysis, resulting in increased intracellular phosphate shift. Acute respiratory alkalosis can also result in ionized calcium binding to albumin. Moreover, acute respiratory alkalosis results in reduction in hydrogen ion in the intracellular fluid with extracellular potassium ion shift into cells leading to hypokalemia.These electrolyte abnormalities can cause myopathies, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory failure, paralysis, seizures, coma and death. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of electrolyte imbalance due to hyperventilation to prevent the development of life threatening complications. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Effects of surface tension and contact angle on pore structure development of coal samples under chemical solution erosion

To explore the influence of surfactant concentration on the pore structure and permeability of coal samples during the chemical enhancement of coalbed methane production, different kinds and different concentrations of surfactants were added to the chemical solution, and the coal samples were soaked. Methods such as low-field nuclear magnetic resonance testing (NMR), fractal theory, permeability testing, surface tension testing, and contact angle testing were employed to analyze the variation patterns of coal sample pore structure, fractal characteristics, and permeability, and to explore the correlation between surface tension, contact angle, and the degree of pore structure development. The results show that the increase in total porosity of coal samples, the increase in the seepage pore porosity, the decrease in Dt, and the growth rate of permeability increase with the increase in surfactant concentration, and are negatively correlated with the surface tension of the solution and the contact angle of the coal-solution interface, while the decrease in Ds is not significantly correlated with surfactant concentration, surface tension, or contact angle. In terms of the erosion effect of a chemical solution on coal samples, the influence of contact angle is greater than that of surface tension, while surface tension has the greatest impact on the development of adsorption pores. By adding different surfactants, the surface tension of the chemical solution and the contact angle of the coal-solution interface can be controlled, further promoting the erosion of coal samples, which is of positive significance for the chemical enhancement of coalbed methane production.