Nuclear Cone Research Articles

A Global Linear and Local Superlinear (Quadratic) Inexact Non-Interior Continuation Method for Variational Inequalities Over General Closed Convex Sets

We use the concept of barrier-based smoothing approximations to extend the non-interior continuation method, which was proposed by B. Chen and N. Xiu for nonlinear complementarity problems based on Chen-Mangasarian smoothing functions, to an inexact non-interior continuation method for variational inequalities over general closed convex sets. Newton equations involved in the method are solved inexactly to deal with high dimension problems. The method is proved to have global linear and local superlinear/quadratic convergence under suitable assumptions. We apply the method to non-negative orthants, positive semidefinite cones, polyhedral sets, epigraphs of matrix operator norm cone and epigraphs of matrix nuclear norm cone.

In Situ Determination of Density Profiles in Complex Strata Using the Nuclear Density Cone Penetrometer

The nuclear density cone penetrometer (ND-CP) is an in situ testing device that can provide continuous data on soil density, but it measures the composite density (ρc) of the soil within a spheroid centered at the midpoint between the gamma ray source and the detector. A theoretical model for predicting ρc of the ND-CP is proposed, and equations for calculating ρc are derived when the ND-CP penetrates into strata with different functions of density distributions. The calculated ρc profiles provide a good fit to the laboratory-measured ρc profiles by the ND-CP, indicating that the proposed theoretical model can be used to calculate the ρc within the spheroid. The comparisons of the density (ρ) and ρc values show that the ρc profiles are considerably different from the actual ρ profiles at the boundaries of each stratum where density changes suddenly. Therefore, a method for deducing the actual ρ profiles from the measured ρc profiles in complex strata is proposed, and this method is used to determine the actual ρ profiles from the ND-CP measured ρc profiles in the field. The research results would be beneficial for the in situ determination of the density profile in complex strata using the ND-CP.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Evidence for infection versus oversuppression.

e18268 Background: Antiresorptive medications are important in maintaining bone health for patients with osteoporosis, metastatic cancer and multiple myeloma. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) may compromise quality of life and treatment of the underlying disease. There are many controversies regarding the pathogenesis, risk and management of MRONJ. Evidence-based data that suggest osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is triggered by infection and reports of ONJ unrelated to antiresorptive therapy (ART) have confounded previous hypotheses that pathogenesis is directly attributed to ART by oversuppression of bone remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine the outcome for management of MRONJ based on eradication of infection. Methods: The investigators designed a retrospective cohort study for patients who underwent surgical management of MRONJ. Identification of infected and necrotic bone was achieved via nuclear imaging (i.e., technetium bone scan, positron emission tomography), computed tomography and/or cone beam computed tomography. Surgical techniques included bone resection (i.e., marginal, segmental), local flap, reconstruction with microvascular free flap, and/or autogenous platelet graft. Perioperative modalities included hyperbaric oxygen therapy and culture-guided antibiotic administration. We recorded medical history, location of the MRONJ lesion, type of antiresorptive therapy and duration of perioperative antiresorptive therapy. The outcome variable was postoperative healing defined by mucosal closure without signs of infection or exposed bone at the time of follow-up including cases with complications related to subsequent dental infection or treatment. Descriptive statistics were calculated for successful management, medical history and duration of perioperative antiresorptive therapy. We excluded cases treated by palliative intent, when surgery was limited or contraindicated, and/or inadequate follow-up. Results: A total of 54 patients with 59 MRONJ lesions were evaluated (40 with cancer and 14 with osteoporosis). All patients were successfully treated with 13 patients continuing ART after surgery (average follow-up 10 months) and 8 patients requiring more than 1 surgery for lesions associated with osteosclerosis. Conclusions: This study suggests that MRONJ is an infection-driven process that can be managed with various modalities to control diseased bone and facilitate healing. Patients may resume ART following successful management of MRONJ.

Isac’s Cones

This is a very short research work representing an homage to the regretted Professor George Isac, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. 17000, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 7B4. Professor Isac introduced the notion of “nuclear cone” in 1981, published in 1983 and called later as “supernormal cone” since it appears stronger than the usual concept of “normal cone”. For the first time, we named these convex cones as “Isac’s Cones” in 2009 , after the acceptance on professor Isac’s part. This study is devoted to Isac’s cones, including significant examples, comments and several pertinent references, with the remark that this notion has its real place in Hausdorff locally convex spaces not in the normed linear spaces, having strong implications and applications in the efficiency and optimization. Isac’s cones represent the largest class of convex cones discovered till now in separated locally convex spaces ensuring the existence and important properties for the efficient points under completeness instead of compactness.

Isac's cones at various topologies

In this research work, the conduct of Isac's (nuclear or supernormal) cone quality is studied by several topologies.

Imaging the temporal bone

• CT is the initial imaging of choice in the investigation of middle ear disease.• MRI is used in evaluating the inner ear in patients presenting with sensorineural deafness, tinnitus and vertigo. It has an increasingly important role in the detection of post-operative cholesteatoma recurrence.• Nuclear medicine and cone beam CT have limited roles.Interpretation of temporal bone imaging is challenging for most general radiologists, as the temporal bone is an anatomically highly complex region. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in imaging of the temporal bone and to discuss problematic and currently topical pathology.

Morphology of Mastigamoeba aspera schulze, 1875 (Archamoebae, Pelobiontida)

The morphology of Mastigamoeba aspera, a type species of the genus Mastigamoeba Schulze, 1875, has been investigated at the light- and electron-microscopical level. Motile individuals are oval or peach-shaped. Motile flagella is situated at the anterior end of uninucleate cells. During locomotion, the surface of mastigamoebes forms many conical or finger-shaped hyaline pseudopodia, wereas bulbous uroid is often formed at the posterior end of the cell. Micropopulations of M. aspera consist of uninucleate flagellate forms as well as multinucleate aflagellate ones. There is a thick layer ofglycocalix on the cell surface where many rod-shaped bacterial ectobionts live. The nucleus is vesicular with spherical central nucleolus. The flagellar apparatus of M. aspera is connected with nucleus to form so called kariomastigont. A single kinetosome is associated with many radial microtubules and a lateral root. A distinct microtubule organization centre (MTOC) is situated at the basal part of the kinetosome. Microtubules of the nuclear cone are connected with the MTOC. This microtubules take part in the formation of kariomastigont. The axoneme has a standart set of microtubules 9(2)+2. Digestive vacuoles are the main component of the cytoplasm of M. aspera. Beside, many light-difracted granules and glycogen bodies were found in the cells. Mitochondria, dictyosomes of the Golgi apparatus and microbodies were not revealed in the cytoplasm of M. aspera.

Imaginologia da articulação temporomandibular durante o tratamento ortodôntico: uma revisão sistemática

INTRODUÇÃO: a evolução da Imaginologia na Odontologia propiciou uma série de vantagens para o diagnóstico e elaboração de planos de tratamento em diversas especialidades. Exames como ressonância magnética nuclear, tomografia computadorizada e tomografia volumétrica Cone Beam, bem como métodos de reconstrução em 3D, permitiram analisar de forma precisa estruturas orofaciais.Aliado a esse fato,com a realização de estudos clínicos com metodologias e desenhos adequados, pode-se avaliar os efeitos do tratamento ortodôntico sobre a articulação temporomandibular (ATM). OBJETIVO: esse trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a inter-relação entre o tratamento ortodôntico e a ATM, verificando se a Ortodontia acarreta alguma alteração das estruturas internas da ATM. MÉTODOS: levantamento em bases de pesquisa (MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO), entre os anos de 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 14 artigos, sendo que 2 eram estudos clínicos randomizados e 12 eram estudos longitudinais sem critérios de randomização. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, conclui-se que a realização do tratamento ortodôntico não ocorre à custa de posicionamentos não fisiológicos do côndilo e disco articular. Algumas mecânicas podem acarretar remodelações dos componentes ósseos articulares.

Full Nuclear Cones and a Relation Between Strong Optimization and Pareto Efficiency

In this paper we present some new and pertinent connections between the Strong Optimization and the Approximate Pareto type Efficiency, in particular, with the usual Vector Optimization, at first in the Ordered Vector Spaces by the natural Convex Cones and, afterwards, in the Ordered Hausdorff Locally Convex Spaces. The main result is obtained considering the notion of full nuclear cone. Our results, is related to an appropriate scalarization method

Pareto optimization in topological vector spaces

To identify the efficient point of a set is an important problem in vector optimization. The existence of efficient points in infinite dimensional space has been studied by many authors, such as [2–10,12,15,17–19,21,23–25] etc. To study Pareto efficiency in locally convex topological vector space, in 1983, the second author Isac [14] has introduced an important notion of nuclear cone which has also other applications as, for example, in the fixed point theory, in the best approximation theory, in the study of vector optimization for multivalued functions, in the study of conically bounded sets, and in the study of nuclearity of topological vector space. About these, one can refer to Hyers–Isac–Rassias’ book [11] and references therein. In 1990, Pontini [20] defined a more general notion of pseudonuclear in general topological vector space (may not be locally convex). Pontini remarked that, in a normed vector space, a cone is pseudo-nuclear if and only if it is nuclear, but in a general topological vector space, this result is not true. In [11,13], Isac, Hyers, and Rassias discussed the existence of efficient points in locally convex topological space ordered by pointed nuclear cone and got some general results. In book [11] and paper [13], they also posed the following open problem.

Nuclear cones in product spaces, pareto efficiency and Ekeland-type variational principles in locally convex spaces

In this article, we present a method to obtain new Ekeland-type variational principles for mappings defined between locally convex spaces. The method is based on a special nuclear cone defined in a product of two locally convex spaces and on Pareto efficiency with respect to this cone.

Infrared mergers and infrared quasi-stellar objects with galactic winds - I. NGC 2623: nuclear outflow in a proto-elliptical candidate

We present the first results of a study of the morphology, kinematics and ionization structure of infrared (IR) mergers/quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) with galactic winds. This study is based mainly on integral two-dimensional (2D) fibre spectroscopy [obtained on the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope (WHT), La Palma] combined with high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. Clear evidence of outflow (OF) from the nucleus of the luminous infrared merger NGC 2623 is reported. Specifically: (i) the integral 2D Hα, [N ii] and [S ii] emission line maps depict a cone-shaped extended nebula that emerges from the nucleus, with an aperture angle θ= 100°± 5° and reaching a distance of ∼3.2 kpc from the nucleus; (ii) inside the nebula and in the central region, all the emission-line WHT spectra show low velocity blue/OF components, with 〈VOF〉= (−405 ± 35) km s−1; and (iii) in the OF nebula, the emission line ratios are consistent with ionization by a dusty nuclear starburst plus shock heating. These results are consistent with a galactic wind process powered mainly by a nuclear starburst. The integral 2D Hα and [N ii]λ6583 velocity field (VF) maps for the main body of NGC 2623 (16.4 × 12.3 arcsec2; ∼5.9 × 4.4 kpc2) show outflow motion in the nuclear and the Hα+[N ii] nebular regions superposed on a general circular motion. This circular motion prevails inside r∼ 1.5 kpc, and for larger radii we detected non-circular motions. In the central region, the average observed rotation curve was fitted with a model corresponding to a single-component Plummer spherical potential. After the subtraction of the Plummer and an axisymmetric polynomial model, the residues of the VF in both cases indicate ejection as the origin of the cone nebula. The fitted Plummer model implies a total mass of MT= 1.5 × 1010 M⊙ and a spherical distribution of matter in the central region. The high-resolution HST WFPC2 F555W (∼V) and F814W (∼I) broad-band images display a strongly obscured nucleus in the apex of a small nuclear cone, an asymmetrical clumpy spiral arm located to the east of the nucleus, a ring plus an arc to the west and several large-scale filaments of dust. A good r1/4-law fit to the HST WFPC2 I band luminosity profile was found. In 85 per cent of the integral 2D field we measure very high values (>1) of the [N ii]λ6583/Hα and [S ii]λ6717 + 31/Hα ratios, suggesting that shocks are important on large scales (in almost all the main body). Furthermore, the 2D full width at half maximum FWHM–[N ii] and VF residual maps show a good spatial correlation, suggesting that the OF shocks ionize the gas and broaden the emission lines. However, close to the nucleus, the OF nebula shows low values of the [N ii]λ6583/Hα ratio (in the range 0.1–0.4), indicating that photoionization by a dusty nuclear starburst also plays a significant role in the excitation of the nebula. The characteristics of the nucleus of NGC 2623 could be associated with a starburst-related LINER. The properties found in IR mergers/QSOs with galactic winds mainly underline the importance of studying the possible link between IR mergers with starburst + galactic wind IR QSOs with composite nature + galactic wind, and elliptical galaxies.

Full nuclear cones associated to a normal cone. Application to Pareto efficiency

We introduce in this paper the notion of “full nuclear cone”, and we show that a nontrivial full nuclear cone can be associated to any normal cone in a locally convex space. We apply this notion to the study of Pareto efficiency.

Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon ofVampirolepis microstoma (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae), intestinal parasite ofRattus rattus

Spermiogenesis in Vampirolepis microstoma begins with the formation of a nuclear cone and a differentiation zone. This is delimited at the front by arched membranes, bordered by cortical microtubules, and contains two parallel centrioles linked together at their bases by electron-dense, amorphous material. The nuclear cone elongates, becomes filiform, and migrates into the spermatid body. Later, one of the centrioles gives rise to a flagellum that grows at the same pace as the cortical microtubules. Subsequently, 6 crested bodies form and the old spermatid separates from the residual cytoplasm. The mature V. microstoma spermatozoon is filiform and lacks mitochondria. Its anterior end exhibits six crested bodies 100 to 200 nm thick of unequal lengths. The axoneme is of the 9+"1" pattern. The cortical microtubules are spiralized and make an angle of about 20 to 30 degrees to the spermatozoon axis, except at their posterior extremity where they become parallel to this axis. The nucleus is an electron-dense cord coiled in a spiral around the axoneme. The cytoplasm is slightly dense but contains many electron-dense granules in regions III, IV, and V of the spermatozoon. The presence of centrioles linked together at their bases by electron-dense material has never, to our knowledge, been reported in a Platyhelminth. Likewise, a nuclear migration, right from the beginning to the end of spermiogenesis, has never been described in a cestode. In addition, we observe for the first time the existence of six crested bodies in a cestode from a Mammal.

Ekeland's principle and nuclear cones: A geometrical aspect

Using the concept of nuclear cone, we present a geometrical aspect of Ekeland's principle for real-valued functions defined on locally convex spaces. Two open problems are defined.

In situ density measurement with nuclear cone penetrometer : Sully, J P; Echezuria, H J Proc 1st International Symposium on Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1, Orlando,20–24 March 1988V2, P1001–1005. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988

In situ density measurement with nuclear cone penetrometer : Sully, J P; Echezuria, H J Proc 1st International Symposium on Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1, Orlando,20–24 March 1988V2, P1001–1005. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988

An ultrastructural study of the spermatozoa ofEulalia sp. (Phyllodocidae),Lepidonotus sp. (Polynoidae),Lumbrineris sp. (Lumbrineridae) andOwenia fusiformis (Oweniidae)

The ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoa of four polychaetes is described:Eulalia sp. (Phyllodocidae),Lepidonotus sp. (Polynoidae),Lumbrineris sp. (Lumbrineridae) andOwenia fusiformis (Oweniidae). All the sperm show features typical of externally fertilizing sperm in having a rounded nucleus, a short unmodified midpiece, and a simple flagellum with a 9+2 axoneme.Owenia fusiformis andLepidonotus sp. have a nuclear cone extending into the subacrosomal space that may act to present the inner acrosomal membrane to the egg during fertilization. The acrosome ofLumbrineris sp. is flattened and crenulated. The sperm ofEulalia sp. is unusual in having the four mitochondria of the midpiece ensheathed by a membrane. Comparisons are made with other polychaete sperm, and the use of sperm ultrastructure as a taxonomic tool within the Polychaeta is discussed.