NTSC Format Research Articles

Lane detection system for day vision using altera DE2

The active safety systems used in automotive field are largely exploiting lane detection technique for warning the vehicle drivers to correct any unintended road departure and to reach fully autonomous vehicles. Due to its ability, to be programmed, to perform complex mathematical functions and its characterization of high speed processing, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) could cope with the requirement of lane detection implementation and application. In the present work, lane detection is implemented using FPGA for day vision. This necessitates utilization of image processing techniques like filtering, edge detection and thresholding. The lane detection is performed by firstly capturing the image from a video camera and converted to gray scale. Then, a noise filtering process for gray image is performed using Gaussian and average filter. Methods from first and second order edge detection techniques have been selected for the purpose of lane edge detection. The effect of manually changing the threshold level on image enhancement has been examined. The results showed that raising threshold level would better enhance the image. The type of FPGA device used in the present work is Altera DE2. Firstly, the version DE2 Cyclone II start with (11xxxxxx-xxxx) together with Genx camera has been used. This camera supports both formats NTSC and PAL, while the above version of FPGA backups only NTSC format. The software of lane detection is designed and coded using Verilog language.

RUDI GOLDMAN (Director/Producer): Burgundy: People with a Passion for Wine. Media in English/Rudi Goldman Productions, Amsterdam, 2017, 60 min, DVD NTSC Format, all Regions, $19.95.

RUDI GOLDMAN (Director/Producer): Burgundy: People with a Passion for Wine. Media in English/Rudi Goldman Productions, Amsterdam, 2017, 60 min, DVD NTSC Format, all Regions, $19.95. - Volume 13 Issue 1

ExpertEyes: Open-source, high-definition eyetracking

ExpertEyes is a low-cost, open-source package of hardware and software that is designed to provide portable high-definition eyetracking. The project involves several technological innovations, including portability, high-definition video recording, and multiplatform software support. It was designed for challenging recording environments, and all processing is done offline to allow for optimization of parameter estimation. The pupil and corneal reflection are estimated using a novel forward eye model that simultaneously fits both the pupil and the corneal reflection with full ellipses, addressing a common situation in which the corneal reflection sits at the edge of the pupil and therefore breaks the contour of the ellipse. The accuracy and precision of the system are comparable to or better than what is available in commercial eyetracking systems, with a typical accuracy of less than 0.4° and best accuracy below 0.3°, and with a typical precision (SD method) around 0.3° and best precision below 0.2°. Part of the success of the system comes from a high-resolution eye image. The high image quality results from uncasing common digital camcorders and recording directly to SD cards, which avoids the limitations of the analog NTSC format. The software is freely downloadable, and complete hardware plans are available, along with sources for custom parts.

A video wireless capsule endoscopy system powered wirelessly: design, analysis and experiment

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), as a relatively new technology, has brought about a revolution in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases. However, the existing WCE systems are not widely applied in clinic because of the low frame rate and low image resolution. A video WCE system based on a wireless power supply is developed in this paper. This WCE system consists of a video capsule endoscope (CE), a wireless power transmission device, a receiving box and an image processing station. Powered wirelessly, the video CE has the abilities of imaging the GI tract and transmitting the images wirelessly at a frame rate of 30 frames per second (f/s). A mathematical prototype was built to analyze the power transmission system, and some experiments were performed to test the capability of energy transferring. The results showed that the wireless electric power supply system had the ability to transfer more than 136 mW power, which was enough for the working of a video CE. In in vitro experiments, the video CE produced clear images of the small intestine of a pig with the resolution of 320 × 240, and transmitted NTSC format video outside the body. Because of the wireless power supply, the video WCE system with high frame rate and high resolution becomes feasible, and provides a novel solution for the diagnosis of the GI tract in clinic.

One-unit system to reconstruct a 3-D movie at a video-rate via electroholography

We have developed a one-unit system, including creating and displaying a hologram for real-time reproduction of a three-dimensional image via electroholography. We have constructed this one-unit system by connecting a special-purpose computer for holography and a special display board with a reflective liquid crystal display as a spatial light modulator. Using this one-unit system, we succeeded in reproducing a three-dimensional image composed of 10,000 points at a speed of 30 frames per second, which is the video rate in NTSC format. In addition, we were able to control a three-dimensional image in real-time using our system.

ビデオストロボスコピーの臨床応用

The introduction of the video system is an innovative enhancement to the clinical application of stroboscopy. However, the performance of videostroboscopy is limited to some degree. The NTSC format video system can divide laryngeal movement into 30 frames or 60 fields per second and its maximum resolution is 640 by 480 pixels (picture element). Although this performance is generally sufficient for clinical applications, it has problems with finer observation of laryngeal lesions and lack of brightness occuring during observation of low tone phonation. Clinical application of videostroboscopy is useful but attention should be paid to problems caused by video format.

Intensity correction in all-sky auroral image projection transform

BY using all-sky(fish-eye)lens and highly sensitive TV camera,the effective monitoring ra-dius and time resolution of ground aurora observation have now been raised to 600 km and1/30 s(for instance,SIT-TV camera recording in NTSC format).By incorporating high-sen-sitivity imaging device(integrated from image intensifier and CCD(charge coupled device)

生体計測応用 脳波を指標とする映像情報の生体計測

Audio-visual information supplied by electronic media is rapidly beginning to occupy a greater part of our information environment than natural audio-visual information While positive effects on the user's brain are possible through contact with visual media, it is impossible to deny that negative effects are also possible To develop a basic and effective method to physiologically assess how visual media affects the human brain, we classified and investigated considerable data in this field, referring to outcomes of studies on sound amenities An α-EEG (Electroencephalogram) indicated assessment method is developed Its effectiveness is examined in a comparison between a High-Definition format and an NTSC format Results suggest the effectiveness of the method with statistical significance

Living Cells: Structure, Diversity, and Evolution

This CAV videodisc is designed so that teachers at sixth form or university level can introduce students to living cells with very high quality images taken in real time and time lapse. Cellular organelles are illustrated first and then a variety of cells, often rare or unusual, show how these organelles function in various types of cellular activity. 1994, Videodisc, 12 standard play, CAV format NTSC format c1994 Jeremy D. Pickett Heaps. A Cytographics production by Jeremy D. Pickett Heaps and Julianne Pickett Heaps.

特集 次世代画像技術 立体テレビ番組観視中の調節応答の測定

The accommodative responses of subjects viewing a binocular stereoscopic TV program were measured with TDO III (Three-Dimensional Optometer III). The program was produced with two Hi-Vision cameras and VTR's and converted into NTSC format. A field sequential stereoscopic display with a liquid crystal shutter was used to present the program to four emmetropic subjects. It was found that scenes in 3-D presentation with sudden changes in perceived distance of objects and ones containing objects appearing nearer that the screen cause larger accomodative responses than scens in normal 2-D TV presentation.

A PC-controlled multiple window display card for TV

The development of a personal computer (PC)-controlled multiple window display card for television is described. A digital encoder card for converting the red, green and blue (RGB) signals from the PC to a composite video signal (CVBS) is designed and developed. This digital encoder card accepts the RGB analog signals from the computer VGA display adaptor card and converts them into a PAL or NTSC format composite video signal. A chroma keying circuitry, to enable an additional video signal to be displayed with the encoded CVBS signal on a television screen in a picture-in-picture format is also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

An NTSC to HDTV video conversion system by using the block processing concept

In this paper, we propose the algorithms to convert the NTSC format to the HDTV based upon a block by block methodology. Efficiently resembling the block processing concept built in the future HDTV system, the proposed block-by-block algorithms achieve a faster processing speed than the pixel-by-pixel ones. The complete conversion system, including interlaced to progressive, sampling rate, line rate, and aspect ratio conversions, is realized in software. The simulation results show that very good quality by visual perception and high PSNR results are obtained in the converted image sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

ATV/NTSC format converters

It is noted that up- and down-converters between advanced television (ATV) ad NTSC signals will be required for a simulcast service such as SC-HDTV (spectrum-compatible high-definition television). Down-conversion from ATV to NTSC is required at the transmitter to provide the simulcast NTSC program. Up-conversion is also required to integrate archival material into the ATV program, and in the dual-purpose ATV receiver which also receives NTSC programs. Filtering is a major part of the conversion process. The various theoretical and practical requirements for filtering are discussed, and a practical example is presented. Effects of signal sources and the NTSC format's interlaced pickup and display on converter design are presented. A tutorial section on the use of three-dimensional transforms for study of conversion systems is appended.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Block downconverters for wireless CATV

A block downconverter developed using microwave integrated circuits, surface mount devices and regular printed circuit board technology is discussed. A multichannel and multipoint distribution service (MMDS) is used by a cable operator to provide extended coverage beyond a large city presently receiving cable television. MMDS transmitters up-convert and broadcast in the PAL form with a 8-MHz channel bandwidth or the NTSC format with a 6-MHz channel bandwidth in the 2500-2686-MHz band by using a broadband CATV trunk line. The block downconverters take the microwave signal at the receiving antenna, convert back to PAL or NTSC signal in the 222-408-MHz band, and deliver to the TV tuner of the TV set. High-performance and low-cost objectives were achieved. >

High definition and high frame rate compatible NTSC broadcast television system

The author proposes a method for terrestrial broadcast and cable transmission of high-definition television with high frame rate in the basic NTSC format using a single 6-MHz channel. The transmitted signal is appropriate for display on present NTSC receivers and generates a wide-screen display on new high-definition receivers with 1500 pixels horizontally on each of 966 lines in a 16:9 or 5:3 aspect ratio format. The author describes a method for motion compensation with receiver verification of motion vector data for the high-resolution monochrome portion of the signal, a method for video data by compression and quadrature modulation of the visual RF carrier. The overall hardware system has not yet been produced as hardware, but some of its components have been built in either hardware or software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A CCD image sensor with 768 × 490 pixels

A ⅔-in 768(H) × 490(V) element interline CCD image sensor has been successfully developed. The device adopts a vertical overflow drain principle, a buried,channel amplifier, three-level polysilicon technology, and 1.5-µm-rule fine-pattern process. The device operates with an NTSC format. The 560 TV lines limiting resolution is obtained in the horizontal direction. No significant loss in transfer efficiency is observed in the horizontal register, even at the 14.32 MHz clock rate. Optimal photosensitivity spectrum response is obtained and the peak response appears at 550 nm. The noise equivalent signal is reduced to 48 electrons, using correlated double sampling. Then, the dynamic range reaches 68 dB. The correlated double sampling, combined with buried-channel amplifier technology is found to be also effective for great reduction in horizontal line noise.

A Motion-Compensated Interframe Coding Scheme for NTSC Color Television Signals

A motion-compensated interframe coding system for an NTSC color television signal has been developed. The output of a local decoder is used in the form of a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y/C</tex> separated signal. Motion vectors are detected using the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</tex> signal, and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</tex> signal and both baseband components of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> signal are motion-compensated. The motion-compensated signals are reencoded into an NTSC signal to provide a motion-compensation interframe prediction in the NTSC format. Real-time experimental hardware has been built. The sampling frequency and bit rate of this system are 10.7 MHz and 1.6 bits/ sample, respectively. This value includes all overhead information such as motion vectors and other control information. An assessment has been made of the picture quality of coded/decoded pictures taken from a variety of broadcast television programs. The quality was good for almost all the programs. A subjective test of picture quality was performed under stringent conditigns. The lowest value for the picture quality of the most difficult scenes at 1.6 bits/sample was 3.3 on a five-grade impairment scale.

Pioneer/Jupiter Real-Time Display System

For the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft whose missions were to fly by the planet Jupiter and send back scientific information, an on-board instrument called an Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) was designed to collect the imaging data. The IPP was produced by a University of Arizona – Santa Barbara Research Center Team. A Pioneer Image Converter System (PICS) was conceived, designed and fabricated at the Optical Sciences Center of the University of Arizona to use part of the digital data transmitted to earth for conversion to NTSC color TV images. The IPP has sensitivity in the spectral bands of red and blue, chosen for scientific reasons; therefore, to make color images in NTSC format, PICS was designed to produce a green signal by processing the red and blue signals separately, in a nonlinear fashion, then mixing them to form the green signal. The three signals are connected to an NTSC color encoder. A color time-base corrector performs the final time-base and color correction to ±3 ns. and to provide a real-time display of imaging data so that the IPP operation could be monitored during the entire Jupiter encounter sequence.