Novel Strategy For Synthesis Research Articles

Novel Strategies for Synthesis and Assessment of Dextran Conjugated 9Z,11E Linoleic Acid on Cancer Cell Lines Viability via Wnt/Beta‐Catenin Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the positional and structural isomers of linoleic acid. Ninety percent of the CLA contained in natural foods is the cis‐9(9Z), trans‐11(11E) isomer. CLA also has anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐adipogenic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Limited studies aim to elucidate the impact of 9Z,11E‐CLA on Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling.In this study, we have selected MDA‐MB‐231, T98G, and SAOS‐2 cell lines of various cancer origins and investigate the impact of dextran conjugated 9Z,11E CLA (Dex‐9Z,11E‐CLA) using cell proliferation assay and immunocytochemical methods. Cytotoxic effects of Dex conjugated 9Z,11E CLA are assessed with the MTT method. It analyzed Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling changes using target molecule beta‐catenin, Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk‐1) as a negative regulator, and active caspase3 (CC3) as an apoptotic marker.Dex‐9Z,11E‐CLA is shown to suppress cell viability in three different types of cancer cells, and the most effective concentration is 200 µm. 9Z,11E‐CLA and Dex‐9Z,11E‐CLA affect the Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling pathway negatively in all cell lines. Beta‐catenin expression is decreased, Dkk‐1 expression is increased, and CC3 positivity is increased significantly compared to the control group. In conclusion, the data suggest that Dex‐9Z,11E‐CLA suppresses cell viability and causes apoptosis in cells via the Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling pathway. Lastly, Dex‐9Z,11E‐CLA harbors novel anticancer potential and exhibits uncontrolled activation of Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling.

Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel supported SnO2 anode for electrocatalytic degradation of phenol: Enhanced generation of free radicals

To obtain a high-efficiency and low-cost electrocatalytic anode for environmental pollutant degradation, a nitrogen doped graphene aerogel supported tin oxide (SnO2-NGA) composite catalyst was prepared and SnO2-NGA/Ti anode was fabricated. The influence of nitrogen doping content on electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts was investigated. The effects of current density and initial solution pH on degradation efficiency were studied. The SnO2-N3.0GA/Ti anode shows good catalytic activity for phenol degradation. The conversion of phenol and COD removal by SnO2-N3.0GA/Ti reached 83.6% and 61.2% within 4 h when applied current density was 5.00 mA/cm2 and initial pH was 3.0. The SnO2-N3.0GA/Ti electrode has higher specific surface area, and lower charge transfer resistance. The nitrogen atoms doping increased the content of pyridinic N species, which is beneficial for providing more in-situ catalytic active sites and enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radical (•OH). This work provides a novel strategy for synthesis of electrocatalytic anode with enhanced activity for degradation of refractory organic pollutants in water.

In-situ synthesis of carbon dots embedded wrinkled-mesoporous silica microspheres for efficiently capturing and monitoring organochlorine pesticides from water and fruit juice

An in-situ synthesis strategy was proposed for fabrication of carbon dots embedded wrinkled mesoporous silica (CDs/WMS) microspheres. Characterizations results demonstrated that the doping of CDs with a moderate content still allowed the microspheres to maintain wrinkled and highly mesoporous structures. The CDs/WMS composite was subsequently employed as solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating for sensitive determination of ultra-trace organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solutions. High surface area, abundant chemical groups, and plentiful porosity made CDs/WMS microspheres present superior extraction capacities for OCPs compared with commercial SPME coatings and pure WMS. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the proposed analytical method exhibited wide linearity range (0.2–1000 ng/L), low detection of limits (0.0023–0.073 ng/L for water, 0.0062–0.41 ng/L for fruit juice), and satisfactory reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 6.2 %−13.3 % and 7.3 %−13.2 % for water and fruit juice, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for determination of OCPs in real water and fruit juice samples. The recoveries varied from 80.1 % to 105.2 % for water and 71 % to 106.8 % for fruit juice. This study developed a novel strategy for synthesis of CDs/WMS microspheres, and proposed a new type of SPME coating, which expanded the potential of CDs in capturing organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Polyhedron-like Co-embedded carbon catalyst derived from ZIF-67 by surface confinement pyrolysis strategy for upgrading of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone

Polyhedron-like Co-embedded carbon catalyst was constructed through a P123-assisted surface-confinement pyrolysis strategy using ZIF-67 as precursor in the present studies. The introduction of P123 resulted in a homogeneously distributed hierarchical pore structure of the catalyst, modulated the composition of different valence Co species and limited the agglomeration of cobalt nanoparticles, which improves the hydrogenation and dehydration ability of the catalyst, and thus endow it robust activity and long-term durability in conversion of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone (Yield ≥98%, well stability for no less than 7 runs). The present work may supply a novel strategy for synthesis of polyhedron-like carbon materials for the transformation of biomass-plate molecular in the range hydrogenation.

In-situ synthesis of N, S co-doped hollow carbon microspheres for efficient catalytic oxidation of organic contaminants

Metal-free heteroatom doped nanocarbons are promising alternatives to the metal-based materials in catalytic ozonation for destruction of aqueous organic contaminants. In this study, N, S co-doped hollow carbon microspheres (NSCs) were synthesized from the polymerization products during persulfate wet air oxidation of benzothiazole. The contents of doped N and S as well as the structural stability were maneuvered by adjusting the subsequent N2-annealing temperature. Compared with the prevailing single-walled carbon nanotubes, the N2-annealed NSCs demonstrated a higher catalytic ozonation activity for benzimidazole degradation. According to the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, the synergistic effect between the graphitic N and the thiophene-S which redistributed the charge distribution of the carbon basal plane contributed to the activity enhancement of the N2-annealed NSCs. Additionally, the hollow structure within the microspheres served as the microreactor to boost the mass transfer and reaction kinetics via the nanoconfinement effects. Quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests revealed that benzimidazole degradation was dominated by the produced singlet oxygen (1O2) species, while hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were also generated and participated. This study puts forward a novel strategy for synthesis of heteroatom-doped nanocarbons and sheds a light on the relationship between the active sites on the doped nanocarbons and the catalytic performance.

Povidone‐Phosphotungstic Acid Hybrid: An Efficient and Environmentally Benign Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinazolinone Derivatives

AbstractIn this research, a novel strategy for synthesis of quinazolinones has been formulated via one pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, isatoic anhydride, and aniline by employing prepared povidone‐phosphotungstic acid (PVP‐PWA) hybrid as a novel solid acid heterogenous catalyst in methanol at 80 °C. The synthesized PVP‐PWA is confirmed by FTIR, XRD and studied for TGA, BET plots. The reaction is optimized for different solvents and loading of catalyst. The yields of all quinazolinone derivatives are observed in the range of 78–86%. All the synthesized quinazolinones are investigated by spectral data. The use of ecologically benign catalyst, good atom economy, environmental affordability, and easy work up makes this protocol sustainable.

Hybrid nanomaterials for asymmetric purposes: green enantioselective C–C bond formation by chiralization and multi-functionalization approaches

We present a simple and novel strategy for synthesis of a MOF-based chiral multi-functional hybrid nanomaterial through chiralization and multi-functionalization approaches for asymmetric purposes.

A novel strategy for synthesis of Si@N doped carbon anode material with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

To relieve the volume expansion of Si, a new strategy for synthesis of Si@N doped Carbon (Si@N-C) anode composite material with the core-shell structure is designed via heat treatment process of silicon@polyaniline (Si@PANI) as the precursor, whose synthesis approach was on the basis of mixed solution of ethanol and water as the solvent. Benefiting from the structural stability of the core-shell structure, the cell assembled with the Si@N-C anode material shows outstanding electrochemical performance, its capacity decreases little with the current density increasing and a high discharge capacity of 1053.42 mAh g−1 can still be obtained when the current density sets back to 200 mA g−1.

A novel strategy for synthesis of Al powder comprising of Al nanoflakes via ultrasonication of Al foil.

Aluminum (Al) nanopowders have potential applications as hydrogen storage medium, energetic materials, pigments, and for production of metal matrix parts via powder metallurgy, to name a few. They are synthesized by methods which are either expensive or result in the product with impurities. A novel methodology based on ultrasonication of commercially available Al foil has been developed for synthesis of Al powders. Al foil was immersed in an organic medium and subjected to ultrasonication in a 160-watt bath ultrasonicator operated at 35 kHz frequency. Morphological, crystal structural, and dimensional characterization of ultrasonicated Al was carried out with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic forces microscopy (AFM) respectively. Characterization results revealed that Al foil was eroded laterally as well as axially, resulting in the formation of micro and nanosized flake-like pure Al powder.

The Use of Ultrasound in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction based on CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs for pre‐concentration of tartrazine in water samples

This paper report a novel strategy for synthesis and application of CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs composite which has great potentials as artificial receptor for tartrazine trapping due to its ultrahigh surface area and functionality which is related to application of electrochemical route. A durable and economical pipette‐tip CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs nano‐composite miniaturized solid phase extraction coupled with UV‐Vis spectrophotometry was developed for clean‐up and determination of tartrazine from various water samples. Undoubtedly, presence of mild‐intensity/frequency ultrasound irradiation played a key role for reducing consumption of eluent volume by broking hydrogen bonds between retained analyte and sorbent. The influence of factors including pH, sorbent dosage, sonication time and eluent volume were investigated and optimum conditions were obtained using experimental design methodology. Under optimized conditions, good extraction efficiencies for the analyte were obtained with no matrix interference in the subsequent UV‐Vis. Good linearity for tartrazine in the range of 20‐5000 ng mL‐1 with correlation coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.99 and low detection limit close to 4.76 ng mL‐1 reveals high applicability of method for trace analysis.

Top-Down Strategy to Synthesize Mesoporous Dual Carbon Armored MnO Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

To overcome inferior rate capability and cycle stability of MnO-based materials as a lithium-ion battery anode associated with the pulverization and gradual aggregation during the conversion process, we constructed robust mesoporous N-doped carbon (N-C) protected MnO nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (MnO@N-C/rGO) by a simple top-down incorporation strategy. Such dual carbon protection endows MnO@N-C/rGO with excellent structural stability and enhanced charge transfer kinetics. At 100 mA g-1, it exhibits superior rate capability as high as 864.7 mAh g-1, undergoing the deep charge/discharge for 70 cycles and outstanding cyclic stability (after 1300 cyclic tests at 2000 mA g-1; 425.0 mAh g-1 remains, accompanying merely 0.004% capacity decay per cycle). This facile method provides a novel strategy for synthesis of porous electrodes by making use of highly insulating materials.

A Novel Strategy for Synthesis of Polystyrene/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite: RAFT Polymerization, Functionalization, and Coordination Techniques

ABSTRACTA facile strategy for the synthesis of polystyrene/Fe3O4 nanocomposite is suggested. For this purpose, styrene and 4-chloromethyl styrene monomers was copolymerized through reversible addition of fragmentation chain transfer technique [P(St-co-CMSt)] and then the chlorine groups of CMSt units were converted to diethyl malonate groups through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Afterward, esteric groups of diethyl malonate were hydrolyzed to afford carboxylic acid-functionalized polystyrene. This polymer with carboxylic acid groups can adsorbed onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through the interaction with hydroxyl groups onto the surface of the nanoparticles. We envision that the synthesized PSt/Fe3O4 nanocomposite may be find applications in electromagnetic interference shielding and environment sciences.

Fabrication of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene nanoribbons with porous architecture for high-performance supercapacitors

Heteroatom co-doped carbon-based materials have been demonstrated to be an effective way to realize their new functions in electrode materials for energy storage devices. Herein, a novel strategy for synthesis of highly porous nitrogen-sulfur co-doped graphene nanoribbons (NS-GNRs) with enhanced active sites was developed. The highly porous NS-GNR channels provide efficient ion transport path for electrolyte ions, which enhances the overall conductivity and stability of the electrode materials by energising storage sites. The TEM and STEM-EDS analysis revealed that the NS-GNR materials exhibit uniform distribution of N and S heteroatoms into GNRs matrices. The NS-GNR electrode materials exhibited a high specific capacitance of 442Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1, excellent rate capability and cycling performance with ∼98.6 % retention of the initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Most importantly, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device with a wide operating voltage window of ∼1.8V yield an excellent energy density of ∼23.85Whkg−1, high power density of ∼8753Wkg−1 and superior cycle life (97.9% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Thus, these results exhibit a novel metal-free and low-cost design of electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

A novel strategy for synthesis of dichlorooctafluorocyclopentane and reaction mechanism investigation

A novel method was used for preparing 1,1-dichlorooctafluorocyclopentane and 1,2-dichlorooctafluorocyclopentane through the reaction of 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and chlorine. A series of single- and multi-component catalysts were prepared by means of impregnation and coprecipitation, respectively. The catalyst containing Fe(III), Zr(IV), Co(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) showed the highest catalytic activity among these catalysts. Moreover, the main reaction routes and catalytic mechanism were investigated through experiments and theoretical analysis. Given the environmental and economic benefits, this method has a great application potential in industrial production.

Novel strategy for synthesis of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted nanoparticles based on functionalized silica as an efficient sorbent for the determination of acrylamide in potato chips: Optimization by experimental design methodology

This study discusses a novel and simple method for the preparation of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MDMINPs). Firstly, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized as a magnetic component. Subsequently, MDMINPs were constructed via the sol-gel strategy using APTMS as the functional monomer. Urethane was considered as dummy template to avoid residual template and TEOS as the cross linker. The prepared MDMINPs were used for the pre-concentration of acrylamide from potato chips. Quantification was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The impact of influential variables such as pH, amount of sorbent, sonication time and eluent volume were well investigated and optimized using a central composite design. The particles had excellent magnetic property and high selectivity to the targeted molecule. In optimized conditions, the recovery ranged from 94.0% to 98.0% with the detection limit of 0.35µgkg−1.

Novel strategies for the synthesis of unsymmetrical glycosyl disulfides.

Novel strategies for the efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical glycosyl disulfides are reported. Glycosyl disulfides are increasingly important as glycomimetics and molecular probes in glycobiology. Sialosyl disulfides are synthesised directly from the chlorosialoside Neu5Ac2Cl, proceeding via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between the sialosyl thiolate and symmetrical disulfides. This methodology was adapted and found to be successfully applicable to the synthesis of unsymmetrical glucosyl disulfides under mild conditions.

3D Porous N‐Doped Graphene Frameworks Made of Interconnected Nanocages for Ultrahigh‐Rate and Long‐Life Li–O2 Batteries

The inferior rate capability and poor cycle stability of the present Li–O2 batteries are still critical obstacles for practice applications. Configuring novel and integrated air electrode materials with unique structure and tunable chemical compositions is one of the efficient strategies to solve these bottleneck problems. Herein, a novel strategy for synthesis of 3D porous N‐doped graphene aerogels (NPGAs) with frameworks constructed by interconnected nanocages with the aid of polystyrene sphere@polydopamine is reported. The interconnected nanocages as the basic building unit of graphene sheets are assembled inside the skeletons of 3D graphene aerogels, leading to the 3D NPGA with well‐developed interconnected channels and the full exposure of electrochemically active sites. Benefiting from such an unique structure, the as‐made NPGA delivers a high specific capacity, an excellent rate capacity of 5978 mA h g−1 at 3.2 A g−1, and long cycle stability, especially at a large current density (54 cycles at 1 A g−1), indicative of boosted rate capability and cycle life as air electrodes for Li–O2 batteries. More importantly, based on the total mass of C+Li2O2, a gravimetric energy density of 2400 W h kg−1 for the NPGA–O2//Li cell is delivered at a power density of 1300 W kg−1.

A New Strategy for Synthesis of Compounds Bearing Biorelevant α-Aminophosphonate Functionalities

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A Novel Strategy for Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Self Assemblies

Gold nanoparticle self assemblies are one-dimensional structures of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticle self assemblies exhibit unique physical properties and find applications in the development of biosensors. Methodologies currently available for lab-scale and commercial synthesis of gold nanoparticle self assemblies are complex. These methods are often multistep involving linker nanoparticle conjugation steps and external stimuli treatment steps. Here, we present a simple method for synthesis of gold nanoparticle self assemblies. The method involves surfactant-free synthesis of gold nanoparticles, washing of gold nanoparticles with distilled water and irradiation of gold nanoparticles with glow discharge plasma. Thus synthesized gold nanoparticle self assemblies were characterized using electron microscopy and ultraviolet and visible light spectroscopy. Results show that washing with distilled water and irradiation with glow discharge plasma induces assembling of gold nanoparticles into multimers, chain-like structures and networks. Our synthesis method is unique in that it provides full control on the extent of self assembly and at the same time is simple and economical. Our synthesis method facilitates lab-scale and commercial synthesis of gold nanoparticle self assemblies, which, in turn, will promote the application of self assembled gold nanoparticles in the development of novel biosensors, drug-delivery platforms, lab-on-a-chip platforms and a variety of other nano-scale medical devices. Keywords: Chain-like structure and nanoparticle network, gold, multimer, nanoparticle, self assembly.

A novel strategy for synthesis of hollow gold nanosphere and its application in electrogenerated chemiluminescence glucose biosensor

Well-distributed hollow gold nanospheres (Aushell@GOD) (20±5nm) were synthesized using the glucose oxidase (GOD) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde as a template. A glucose biosensor was prepared based on Aushell@GOD nanospheres for catalyzing luminol electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Firstly, chitosan was modified in a glassy carbon electrode which offered an interface of abundant amino-groups to assemble Aushell@GOD nanospheres. Then, glucose oxidase was adsorbed on the surface of Aushell@GOD nanospheres via binding interactions between Aushell and amino groups of GOD to construct a glucose biosensor. The Aushell@GOD nanospheres were investigated with TEM and UV–vis. The ECL behaviors of the biosensor were also investigated. Results showed that, the obtained Aushell@GOD nanospheres exhibited excellent catalytic effect towards the ECL of luminol-H2O2 system. The response of the prepared biosensor to glucose was linear with the glucose concentration in the range of 1.0μM to 4.3mM (R=0.9923) with a detection limit of 0.3μM (signal to noise=3). This ECL biosensor exhibited short response time and excellent stability for glucose. At the same time the prepared ECL biosensor showed good reproducibility, sensitivity and selectivity.