Nova Porteirinha Research Articles

Desempenho Agronômico de Clones-elites de Bananeiras tipo ‘Prata’ (AAB) tolerantes à murcha de Fusarium

Abstract The evaluation of new banana genotypes with agronomic potential and tolerant to the main pests and diseases is essential for the market. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics of new potential banana clones, such as ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ and commercial cultivars. The experiment was implemented in a rural property located in the municipality of Nova Porteirinha, MG. The treatments consisted of ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ banana clones (genotypes selected from the ‘Prata Anã’ clone ‘Gorutuba’ tolerant to Panama disease) and four cultivars: ‘Prata Gorutuba’, ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘BRS Princesa’. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications and six useful plants per plot. The planting spacing used was 3.5 m x 1.7 m. The evaluations were carried out in the first and second production cycles. The ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and’ Prata Gorutuba R2’ clones in general showed excellent performance compared to the already consolidated cultivars. The clones presented median height and number of leaves in the ideal flowering for banana trees of the ‘Prata’ subgroup. Bunch and bunch weight, as well as production were similar to the ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ and ‘BRS Princesa’ cultivars. Considering that the clones evaluated present high tolerance to Fusarium wilt, the result indicates that the materials have great potential for the registration of new cultivars.

A 6-year field monitoring of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in transgenic Bt maize in Brazil

A 6-year field monitoring study was designed to compare the presence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), leaf injury, its parasitoids, 100 seed weight, and seed yield of Bt maize hybrids approved for commercialization in the Brazilian market. Field trials were planted in two municipalities, divided into two periods, from 2011 to 2014 (period I), and due to the approval of different Bt hybrids, from 2015 to 2016 (period II). Treatments were Bt, non-Bt maize and all non-Bt maize sprayed with insecticide methomyl. Six Bt-maize hybrids were planted, expressing the following proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1F, Cry1A.105 (Cry1Ab +Cry1Ac +Cry1F), Cry2Ab2a and Vip3. In 2015 and 2016 Bt Powercore was planted due to its commercial approval. The number of S. frugiperda larvae for most Bt hybrids was lower than on non-Bt hybrids, except for Fórmula TL and Herculex in period II, in both municipalities. In period I, Bt hybrids VT, VT 2 and Viptera showed almost no injury on their leaves, despite the high number of fall armyworm larvae found in plants. Different parasitoids emerged from larvae from Bt and non Bt hybrids: Archytas sp., Campoletis sp., Chelonus sp., Eiphosoma sp. and Ophion luteus. The average 100 seed weight was higher in municipality from Sete Lagoas for all Bt hybrids, non-Bt hybrids and non-Bt hybrids sprayed with methomyl, when compared to Nova Porteirinha during period I. Fórmula TL, non-Bt Fórmula TL sprayed with methomyl, and non-Bt Fórmula TL showed the lowest seed yield in both municipalities and periods.

Grain sorghum hybrids under drought stress and full‐irrigation conditions in the Brazilian Semiarid

AbstractIn Brazil, grain sorghum has been mainly grown in Cerrado biome during the off‐season, as a succession crop, after the soybean harvest. At this period, rainfall is erratic and insufficient, causing drought stress in pre‐ or post‐flowering of grain sorghum crops. In this scenario, the identification of both drought‐tolerant and irrigation responsive hybrids has been one of the main targets of sorghum breeding programmes. The hypothesis of this research was that grain sorghum genotypes respond differently to different moments of water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sorghum hybrids under full irrigation and drought stress at pre‐ and post‐flowering, in order to identify hybrids tolerant to drought stress and responsive to the water supply. Field trials were carried out in Nova Porteirinha during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. Twelve grain sorghum single‐hybrids were evaluated for days to flowering and grain yield in three water availability conditions: drought stress at pre‐flowering, drought stress at post‐flowering and full‐irrigation (control). Tolerant hybrids were identified under both pre‐ and post‐flowering drought stress, as well as hybrids responsive to irrigation. The hybrids 1G282 and 116,748 stood out in the 2017/18 season for high yield and earliness under both drought‐stress conditions, while the hybrid 1G282, AG1090, AS4625 and DKB590 stood out for the 2018/19 season in both stress condition. The hybrid A9904 and 1G282 stood out for its responsiveness to water supply, being recommended to high‐tech farming systems that employ irrigation or for in‐season cultivation.

Multi-trait selection of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes for bioenergy production

The global demand for fuel from renewable sources has expanded rapidly in recent years and sweet sorghum is a crop with high potential for bioenergy production. This study aimed evaluate the performance of sweet sorghum hybrids belonging to the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum breeding program in different edaphoclimatic regions of Minas Gerais and to identify promising hybrids for bioenergy production, considering multiple traits of sweet sorghum. The study was conducted in two experimental areas of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. A total of 36 sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated, with 28 experimental hybrids and eight controls. The evaluated traits were: days from planting to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, juice extraction, total soluble solids and tons of Brix per hectare. Analysis of variance, multiple comparison test, the Williams index of selection and the index suggested by Mulamba & Mock were performed. The results demonstrated the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes of sweet sorghum, demonstrating the possibility of selecting high-performance genotypes superior. The selection indexes employed were efficient in the selection of sweet sorghum hybrids with higher agroindustrial performance. It was possible to identify hybrids of sweet sorghum promising for bioenergy production.

Grain Sorghum Grown Under Drought Stress at Pre- and Post-flowering in Semiarid Environment

In the current scenario of climate change, sorghum crop has high growth potential, requiring adaptation and selection studies for the various Brazilian production environments. Sorghum is among the most drought-tolerant cereals; however, extended summer can reduce the size and number of grains in the plant, reflecting into poorer yields. Sorghum breeding programs aim to develop hybrids more tolerant to water deficit, to ensure profitable yield even in the face of drought stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water restriction on grain sorghum hybrids in the pre- and post-flowering phases in the Brazilian semiarid. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated under controlled irrigation conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG and Teresina-PI. In the Nova Porteirinha, the hybrids were cultivated under conditions of non-drought stress and with drought stress in pre- and post-flowering stage. On the other hand, in Teresina, the experiment took place with non-drought stress and drought stress at post-flowering stage. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in factorial scheme, with three replications. Drought stress reduced grain yield by more than 40%, showing that even being resistant, sorghum is affected by drought. Hybrids 1168093, 1167092, 1236020 and 1423007 showed high yields in the various environments, outyielding the commercial controls, what allows the recommendation of these cultivars for the semiarid areas or late off-season in the Cerrado region.

Computational intelligence for studies on genetic diversity between genotypes of biomass sorghum

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of computational intelligence and canonical variables for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in the municipalities of Nova Porteirinha and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following traits were evaluated: days to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, total dry biomass, and dry biomass yield. The study of genetic diversity was performed through the analysis of canonical variables. For the recognition of the organization pattern of genetic diversity, Kohonen’s self-organizing map was used. The use of canonical variables and a self-organizing map were efficient for the study of genetic diversity. The application of computational intelligence using a self-organized map is promising and efficient for studies on the genetic diversity between biomass sorghum genotypes.

Research Article Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid environment

Drought stress is a serious obstacle for crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Sorghum is a useful crop to grow in areas with erratic, poorly distributed or inadequate rainfall. To help determine the best alternatives, we evaluated 30 sorghum cultivars with and without water stress in the post-flowering plant stage. The work was carried out at the Experimental Station of Gorutuba, in Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil, during 2013 and 2014 seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three replications and two water regimes. The traits evaluated were grain yield, number of days to flowering, plant height and 1,000 grain mass. Water restriction reduced the grain yield by 68.9% in 2013, 31.2% in 2014 and 50.1% in the average of the two years. The genotypes with best grain yield stability were B.Tx635, SC 720 and BR012RxSC566. Water stress significantly reduced plant height and grain mass.

Evaluation of the potential of lines and hybrids of biomass sorghum

Mutant genotypes of biomass sorghum for low lignin - bmr (brown midrib) and sensitive to photoperiod are interesting for the production of second-generation ethanol. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability between lines A and R of biomass sorghum, both carrying the bmr-6 allele, for bioenergy potential. Three male-sterile lines (A) and ten fertility restorative lines (R) were used, generating 30 hybrids bmr and sensitive to photoperiod. The 30 hybrids, their parents, and six controls were evaluated in a triple lattice design (7 × 7), in two experimental areas of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha (Minas Gerais). These lines were crossed in a partial diallel design, based on the Griffing IV model (1956) adapted for partial diallel by Miranda Filho and Geraldi (1984). The evaluated traits were: days to flowering (DTF, days after sowing), plant height (PH, m), fresh biomass yield (FBY, ton.ha−1), dry matter (DM, %), and dry matter yield (DMY, t. ha−1). In addition, the FAI-BLUP selection Index was used to assist the selection of hybrids that simultaneously meet favorable traits. Results revealed that treatments x environment interaction had a significant effect (p < 0.01) for all traits. Moreover, genetic variability was detected between lines A and R, which can be explored by the pyramiding of their favorable alleles, aiming at developing superior hybrids for the production of second-generation bioethanol.

Influência do ambiente térmico no comportamento e desempenho zootécnico de suínos

Environmental modifiers, such as the use of water blade, are often used to produce pigs in order to improve welfare conditions and consequently production. In view of this consideration, we sought to evaluate the effect of the climatic environment on the weight gain and the behavior of pigs in the finishing phase in stalls with and without access to the water blade. The work was conducted in a pig farm located in the city of Nova Porteirinha, located in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais. In order to evaluate the thermal comfort of the animals, the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI) was used to evaluate the thermal comfort of the animals and to analyze the behavior of the pigs, the number of animals performing the activity, for the period evaluated, as well as the gain of weight were observed. In the 3rd block, black globe temperature and humidity index values were higher, with lower average daily weight gain. The treatments resulted in different behavioral responses, with water blade behavior being more expressive in the afternoon. The evaluation period showed that to influence surface temperature and at high temperatures the animals presented lower daily average weight gain. The water table did not influence the animals' weight gain, however, it provided better welfare conditions.

Resistência anti-helmíntica em nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos

The objective was to verify the existence of antihelminthic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in properties of the municipalities of Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha. The experiment was conducted at 4 properties, and was done as coproparasitological analyzes in fecal samples of 88 animals. In the farms (A and B) there was a division of the animals into two groups: control and immersion and in farms (C and D) in three groups: control, ivermectin and albendazole. Each group has 6 animals. The reduction of fecal grain contamination (RCOF) was determined based on the specific formula, indicating a percentage greater than or equal to 95%. There was resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes to albendazole in the two properties in which it was tested and ivermectin in three of the four properties. In farm C, ivermectin showed efficacy of 97%. The most prevalent nematode was Haemonchus contortus.

Alterações fisiológicas de matrizes suínas criadas nas condições climáticas do semiárido mineiro

The swine breeding in the Minas Gerais semiarid has an initial characterization, but there are prospects for growth, however due to the high temperatures verified throughout the year, production is reduced. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the climatic environment on the physiological parameters of swine matrices before and after farrowing. The experiment was carried out in a representative swine breeding farm located in the region of the Gorutuba Project, in Nova Porteirinha city, MG. Six swine matrices housed in individual bays were used. The climatic variables, air temperature, relative air humidity, dew point temperature and black globe temperature were monitored through the use of two dataloggers. The physiological parameters evaluated were: body surface temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature. The environmental and physiological variables were collected at 8am, 11am, 01pm, 03pm and 05pm. Data was submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant were submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability for comparison between the means. With the data collected, it was observed that between 01pm and 05pm h and during the post-partum period, the animals were exposed to the thermal discomfort of the environment, being the responsible factor for the alteration in the respiratory rate, especially when associated with the ingestion of foods. The mean values (p<0.05) of body and rectal surface temperature were higher in the postpartum period, but did not express thermal discomfort of the swine matrices. The raising of these animals in the semiarid Minas Gerais is possible; however, it is necessary to adopt measures such as the use of ventilators and the use of curtains to minimize the animal’s caloric stress.

Determination of soil water tension for irrigation management of sweet sorghum

Culturing of sweet sorghum is being considered as an excellent option for ethanol production, from an agronomical and industrial point of view. At present, information regarding the best soil water tension for beginning sweet sorghum irrigation is not available; hence, this study aimed to determine the adequate soil water tension under field conditions for beginning irrigation of four cultivars of sorghum. Two experiments were conducted at Nova Porteirinha, MG, in a randomized block design with sub-subdivided plots having four replications. Each experiment comprised six treatments of soil water tension (plots)-20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kPa-for resuming sweet sorghum irrigation, and four sweet sorghum cultivars (subplots)-BRS 508, BRS 509, BRS 511, and CMSXS647. After planting, the soil water level in the plots was elevated to field capacity (10 kPa), and then the treatments were applied. During treatment application, irrigation was resumed when the soil water tension reached the limit established in order to elevate the soil water tension to 10 kPa. The amount of water replaced during each irrigation was determined by generating a soil water retention curve for the experimental area. The following parameters were evaluated: green mass production, juice volume, soluble solids (Brix), and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The different soil water tensions and cultivars, agricultural year, and interaction between tension and year significantly affected (p ? 0.05) the characteristics evaluated, according to the F test. The agronomical characteristics of the evaluated cultivars showed linear relationship with water supply in the soil. According to TBH, irrigation of sweet sorghum needs to be performed when the soil tension reaches 20 kPa. The TBH values did not differ significantly among the four cultivars at the 5% significance level according to Tukey test.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de progênies de meios-irmãos de pinhão-manso em diferentes regiões do Brasil

RESUMO Programas de melhoramento do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) intensificaram-se nos últimos cinco anos, tendo sido selecionadas, localmente, plantas em diversas regiões do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a interação genótipos x ambientes da produção de grãos de pinhão-manso, avaliada em três regiões brasileiras, e o progresso genético obtido com a seleção. A partir de progênies de meios-irmãos, selecionadas pela Embrapa Semiárido e pela EPAMIG, foram instalados, no ano de 2008, três testes de progênies, nos municípios de Planaltina, DF, Nova Porteirinha, MG e Pelotas, RS, utilizando-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Como testemunhas foram utilizadas sementes de plantas não selecionadas e um dos materiais genéticos comercializados no Brasil. A interação genótipo x ambiente foi significativa. Foram identificadas oito progênies de adaptabilidade geral, três progênies de baixa adaptabilidade, duas progênies de adaptabilidade específica a ambientes favoráveis e duas progênies de adaptabilidade específica a ambientes desfavoráveis, em diferentes regiões do Brasil. As estimativas de progresso genético indicam eficiência da seleção massal, com ganhos de 28, 76 e 177%, nos municípios de Planaltina, DF, de Nova Porteirinha, MG, e de Pelota, RS, respectivamente. Observa-se que os ganhos de seleção obtidos pelo método centroide são mais equilibrados entre ambientes e, por isso, preferíveis. As novas médias, estimadas com o plantio das progênies selecionadas, em toneladas por hectare, são de 2,34 ton.ha-1, em Planaltina, DF; de 2,37 ton.ha-1, em Nova Porteirinha, MG, e de 2,09 ton.ha-1 , em Pelotas, RS.

PROGRESSO TEMPORAL E CONTROLE DA ANTRACNOSE EM BANANA NO SEMIÁRIDO NORTE MINEIRO

RESUMO A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita em bananas. O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, durante dez meses, a intensidade da antracnose e o efeito da lavagem e sanitização das frutas no controle da doença em pós-colheita de bananas. O experimento foi realizado de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014. As coletas dos frutos foram realizadas, mensalmente, em cinco propriedades comerciais localizadas nos municípios de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, cultivadas com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. As pencas foram subdivididas em buquês de três frutos, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e submetidos aos tratamentos: frutos sem a realização da lavagem (testemunha); frutos lavados na propriedade; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2%; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguido de aplicação com fungicida Imazalil. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 épocas e os tratamentos repetidos cinco vezes. Calculou-se área abaixo da curva de progresso da intensidade (AACPI) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A maior intensidade de antracnose em bananas no Norte de Minas ocorre nos meses de novembro de 2013 a março de 2014. A menor intensidade ocorre nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2013 e abril a junho de 2014. Nos meses de novembro a março, época de maior intensidade de doença, a lavagem dos frutos com detergente neutro e hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguida de aplicação do fungicida Imazalil é a técnica mais eficiente de controle. A lavagem dos frutos, apenas com detergente neutro pode favorecer o aparecimento de antracnose, pela degradação da cutícula.

Avaliação bioeconômica do consórcio de sorgo com diferentes espécies forrageiras para sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em Nova Porteirinha, MG

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o intuito de avaliar a viabilidade bioeconômica do consórcio de sorgo com diferentes espécies forrageiras para o sistema de integração lavoura pecuária (iLP) no município de Nova Porteirinha, MG. No primeiro ano do experimento, foram semeadas sete espécies de gramíneas em consórcio com o sorgo para formação da pastagem, além do sorgo solteiro, em dois espaçamentos (40 e 80 cm), definindo os dezesseis tratamentos: a) Brachiaria decumbens + sorgo; b) B. brizantha + sorgo; c) B. ruziziensis + sorgo; d) Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Áridus + sorgo; e) C. ciliaris cv. 131 + sorgo; f) Panicum maximum + sorgo; g) Andropogon gayanus + sorgo; h) Sorgo solteiro. No segundo ano agrícola, as forragens foram previamente dessecadas para o plantio direto do sorgo. Os indicadores de eficiência econômica utilizados foram Payback Simples, Payback Descontado, Valor Presente Líquido, Taxa Interna de Retorno e relação Benefício/Custo. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P&lt;0,01) para o efeito dos consórcios, espaçamentos e interação consórcios x espaçamentos para produtividade do sorgo. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas para o efeito dos consórcios (P&lt;0,01), espaçamentos (P&lt;0,01) e interação consórcios x espaçamentos (P&lt;0,05) para produtividade de matéria seca da forragem. Dos quatorze tratamentos para os sistemas iLP analisados, seis apresentaram maior viabilidade econômica e atratividade quando comparado ao sorgo solteiro. O consórcio mais recomendado foi sorgo cultivado com B. ruziziensis e B. brizantha, para os espaçamentos 80 cm e 40 cm, respectivamente, devido à elevada produtividade e ao baixo valor da implantação da pastagem.

Desempenho agronômico e ganho genético pela seleção de pinhão-manso em três regiões do Brasil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e o ganho genético pela seleção de famílias de meio-irmãos de pinhão-manso, cultivado em três regiões do Brasil. A partir de seleção fenotípica prévia, foram instalados três testes de progênies, em 2008, nos municípios de Planaltina, DF, Nova Porteirinha, MG, e Pelotas, RS. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Como testemunha, foram utilizadas sementes, colhidas ao acaso, de uma população sem seleção. Houve interação significativa entre os efeitos de genótipos por ambientes. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e dos parâmetros genéticos indicaram que é possível obter ganhos com a seleção das melhores famílias, nos ambientes avaliados. Em cada ambiente, ao menos uma família foi selecionada com desempenho superior ao tratamento-controle. O ganho genético médio, obtido pela seleção massal nos três ambientes, foi de 72%. Observou-se alto coeficiente de correlação entre os ambientes de Planaltina e Nova Porteirinha, quanto ao desempenho agronômico, o que não se repetiu no Município de Pelotas. A interação genótipo x ambiente deve ser considerada na recomendação de materiais genéticos de pinhão-manso para ambientes distintos.

Sobrevivência e crescimento inicial de pinhão-manso em função da época de plantio e do uso de hidrogel

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810560O trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito do uso do hidrogel e da época de plantio sobre a sobrevivência e o crescimento inicial de Jatropha curcas L. nas condições do oeste do Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido em Pato Bragado, PR, durante 2008 e 2009. Os tratamentos compreenderam o plantio de mudas de três procedências de pinhão-manso (Pedro J. Caballero, Nova Porteirinha e Janaúba) submetidas ou não à imersão do sistema radicular no ato do plantio em hidrogel previamente hidratado na concentração de 5,0 g L-1 em diferentes épocas de plantio (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com cinco repetições para cada época de plantio. Após o período de noventa dias, quantificou-se o efeito do polímero sobre a porcentagem de sobrevivência e o crescimento inicial por meio dos incrementos em altura e diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, área média da folha e área foliar específica, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5%. Os resultados indicaram que a imersão das raízes em hidrogel aumentou a porcentagem de sobrevivência das mudas no plantio da primavera em 6,7%. O uso do hidrogel não propiciou ganhos no crescimento das mudas de pinhão-manso, prejudicando o crescimento no plantio do inverno. Contudo, maiores incrementos foram obtidos no plantio da primavera. As procedências Pedro J. Caballero e Nova Porteirinha externaram maior capacidade de resposta ao desenvolvimento pós-plantio para as diferentes épocas de plantio.

Seleção de Híbridos de Sorgo Granífero Cultivados no Verão em Três Localidades

1024x768 O sorgo granifero tem apresentado significativa expansao em area e em produtividade no Brasil nos ultimos anos, em razao do aumento da demanda de graos para alimentacao animal. O melhoramento de plantas tem contribuido para o aumento de produtividade, com a oferta de novos hibridos adaptados as diversas areas de producao. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de selecionar aqueles mais produtivos e estaveis em cultivo de verao em tres localidades. Os experimentos foram instalados em Sete Lagoas, MG, Nova Porteirinha, MG e Pelotas, RS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes. Os hibridos comerciais BRS 310 e BRS 330 foram usados como testemunhas. Houve diferencas significativas entre os hibridos para as quatro caracteristicas avaliadas, mostrando haver variabilidade entre os hibridos. A interacao genotipos x ambientes foi significativa para indice de colheita de paniculas e produtividade de graos. A produtividade media das testemunhas nos tres ambientes foi de 4,5 t ha 1 , sendo que 11 hibridos foram estatisticamente superiores as mesmas. Os hibridos 1099030 e 1099048 apresentaram desempenho superior aos demais hibridos, com produtividade acima de 6,0 t ha -1 , e ciclo de maturacao mais precoce do que a testemunha mais produtiva: BRS 330.

DETERMINING THE HARVESTING MATURITY OF THE SUGAR APPLE FRUITS ON NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS

This study aimed to evaluate harvest maturity of the sugar apple fruits. The experiment was carried out in a commercial orchard under irrigation system condition, in Nova Porteirinha County, MG - Brazil. The randomized block design was used with four replicates, sixteen harvest times and five fruit per plot. The first harvest was accomplished at fifteen days after artificial pollination (DAP) then every seven days. The following characteristics were evaluated: diameter, length, fruit mass, fruit dry matter, pulp fresh matter, fruit firmness, total soluble solids and ripening time. All evaluated variables were subjected to the sigmoid growth pattern, and the logistical model was adjusted. At 30 and 60 days after artificial pollination, the fruits showed the highest growth rates, whereas the highest dry matter accumulation was exactly verified at fifty days after artificial pollination. Concerning to the increment fruit weight curve, the increases were observed up to 78 th DAP, but getting establishment from this date on, and the fruits were gathered at 108 DAP on average. From 104 DAP, the sugar apple fruits showed good features to be consumed in nature, which ripped after 6 days after harvesting; whereas the fruits reaped at 108 DAP showed only three-days shelf life. Although harvesting at 104 DAP doubled the shelf life time, the fruit pulp weight showed an increase around 50 g when reaped at 108 DAP, which approximately represents 7% the fruit pulp. Those results point out the management practices such as fertilization and irrigation must be prioritized during the period from 40 to 80 days after pollination, on northern Minas Gerais conditions.

EFFECT OF AMINO ACID ON PANICLE LENGTH AND FRUIT SET OF TREE MANGOES (CULTIVAR TOMMY ATKINS) IN SEMI ARID OF NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS

The control of the vegetative growth and the adequacy of the time of production are two of the most important and challenging aspects of the modern and efficient handling of orchards. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has shown itself as a product of great value for the mango culture, therefore the continuous use, causes a compacting in the panicle of the mango tree. This experiment was carried out in a mango orchard Tommy Atkins, Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil. Twenty uniforms and healthy plants were selected, afterwards 20 branches in each plant were labeled. Three amino acid concentrations were tested, through foliates sprayings. The dose of 0,15% of amino acids represents the maximum economic efficiency in the length of panicles; with 30 cm and the fruit setting was not affected by the amino acid application, specifically for product AMINON-25.