Notions Of Marriage Research Articles

Sistemy, primenyaemye dlya razvoda v islame i hristianstve

The article is devoted to the divorce systems of Christianity and Islamic Laws in the Middle Ages. It is mentioned in the article that the age of marriage has direct effect on possibility of divorce. In general, different approaches of the two wide-spread monotheistic religions to the notion of marriage are handled and terms, reasons and cases of divorce in the Christian and Islamic belief systems are subject to research in the article.

운명과 의지 사이에서 — 《醒夢駢言》 혼인관념의 주제의식 변화

운명과 의지 사이에서 — 《醒夢駢言》 혼인관념의 주제의식 변화

Staging Crossings

This article examines the dynamic interactions between Mexican women who sought to circumvent their sexual regulation at the U.S.-Mexico border, and U.S. immigration officials who enforced these regulations and policed these women's bodies in the early twentieth century. Using the transcripts of the board of special inquiry (BSI)—a panel that deliberated over the admission of excludable immigrants and oversaw accompanying interrogations—I contend that, while the BSI operated to encode corporeally Mexican female immigrants as sexually deviant, it simultaneously served as a stage for them to respond with their own performances of crossing. In the interrogation room, women performed a slew of admissible identities, including the devoted mother, aggrieved woman, and hard-working laborer. When those attempts to cross failed, women did not simply return home. Instead, many re-crossed until they reached their intended destination. Thus, the BSI served as a site for Mexican female border crossers to both uphold and challenge the production of heteropatriarchal notions of marriage. These findings contribute to the growing literature on U.S. border enforcement in the early twentieth century and uncover the (dis)order of a growing U.S. bureaucratic infrastructure based on sexual and gendered regulation.

The Philosophical Foundation of John Paul II’s Notions of Marriage and Unity of Man and Woman in His Theology of The Body

The Philosophical Foundation of John Paul II’s Notions of Marriage and Unity of Man and Woman in His Theology of The Body

Muslim Marriages: Intergenerational Differences in the Notions of Marriage among the Bulgarian Pomaks

Based on ethnographic data, this study investigates the changes in the notions of marriage within three generations in a Muslim Pomak community in Bulgaria. The main goal of the study is to revisit the concepts of the detraditionalization and retraditionalization of marriage, taking into account the communist past and the repressions against Muslims in Bulgaria known as the “Rebirth process” or the “Revival process”. After 1989 the notions of marriage have been reconsidered by the youngest cohort under the influence of globalizing processes and the interactions with the Christian Bulgarians in bigger cities. The analyses pay particular attention to the intergenerational conflict over the role of the woman in the marriage, the emerging individualism among the women from the youngest generation, and their fears from re-traditionalization of their future marriages.

A Woman's Novel: Olive Schreiner, Mona Caird, and Hélène Cixous'sÉcriture Féminine

In the 1880s and 1890s, New Woman writers changed the face of British society and British fiction through their sexually open works, which critiqued old notions of marriage, and through their stylistic experimentation, which announced the modernist novel. New Woman scholarship has often studied their work in connection with that of French feminists of the late twentieth century, such as Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, and Hélène Cixous. This article reconsiders the nature of this connection through a close examination of novels by two of the most popular New Woman authors, Mona Caird (1854–1932) and Olive Schreiner (1855–1920). I read Caird's The Wing of Azrael (1889) and Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm (1883) through the lens of Hélène Cixous's theories of écriture féminine, or feminine writing, to question the accusation of biological determinism which is frequently directed at both groups of writers. By applying Cixous's notions of feminine aesthetics, bisexuality, and alterity to Caird and Schreiner, my study provides the basis for a new understanding of their novels. More generally, it complements and qualifies the connection between the New Woman and so-called French feminism, thereby helping produce a more complex framework to study the fin de siècle.

Conduct Becoming: Good Wives and Husbands in the Later Middle Ages by Glen Burger

Reviewed by: Conduct Becoming: Good Wives and Husbands in the Later Middle Ages by Glen Burger Nicole Sidhu glen burger, Conduct Becoming: Good Wives and Husbands in the Later Middle Ages. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Pp. 272. isbn: 978–0–8122–4960–6. $65. The study of wifely virtue, its role in the home and in the broader sociopolitical imaginary, is a standby of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century studies. Medievalists pay far less attention to the 'good wife,' in part because medieval gender politics has seemed to many to be rooted in a misogynist disgust for female reproduction that allowed only nuns and virgin maidens to attain exemplary female virtue. Medievalists have also long been aware that their period sees significant transformations in notions of marriage—most notably the emergence of affection, mutual companionship, and sexual fulfillment as marital ideals that came to equal the traditional values of economic and familial alliance. And yet, while historians have examined the economics that undergirded this new vision of marriage, the deeper cultural transformations that enabled and nurtured it have thus far remained a mystery. Enter Glenn Burger, with a pioneering and intellectually ambitious new study that seeks to fill these gaps in our intellectual and cultural history. Burger's subject is conduct literature for women, but rather than analyzing it as a prescription for gendered norms of behavior, he characterizes conduct literature as part of a broader cultural movement that changed gender relations. Becoming Conduct provides a timely revision to medieval conduct studies (a field just now reaching conceptual middle age and due for a reboot) by redefining conduct literature. Instead of examining the traditional manuals of behavior that have thus far been the field's focus, Burger expands the definition of 'conduct' to include a much broader swath of texts aimed at instructing women. For Burger, conduct literature is not just about formulating normative modes of gender behavior but is part of larger social and cultural transformation that sees ideals of virtue, and the cultural authority associated with them, expanding from the clergy to the laity. Integral to this movement is an emerging notion of ethical subject-hood for both lay men and women that is constructed out of their marital roles as a 'good husband' and 'good wife.' Examining a range of texts focused on women's conduct, Burger notes the emergence of a focus on ideals relating to women as wives, rather than aristocratic lovers (according to the tradition of fin amors) or female religious (the focus of instructional texts like Ancrene Wisse). Fueled by a new emphasis on marriage as a sacrament by Church authorities, conduct manuals of the 'long fourteenth century' present a new ideal that foregrounds a wife's virtuous conduct and its ability to alter marital and social relations. By rooting their ideals in married virtue, these texts [End Page 115] diverge from earlier medieval traditions in allowing the good wife to, for the first time, equal the virgin nun in her potential as an ethical subject. The emerging ideal of 'the good wife,' Burger proposes, has far-reaching consequences, including a concomitant new ideal of 'the good husband' for men and a new model of social relations that makes household relations a fitting metaphor for relations of ruler to the ruled. Chapter One examines the Journées Chrétiennes—works that provided guidelines to spiritually ambitious secular women on how to emulate the devotional discipline of monks and nuns. These texts adjusted monastic practice to the busy life in the home to allow the wife to claim spiritual virtue within the confines of married life. In doing so, they positioned the wife as a subject with ethical potential. Chapter Two turns to texts more commonly recognized as conduct literature. Focused on the behavior of women in the secular world, these works include Louis IX's Les Enseignements de Saint Louis à sa fille Isabelle, Durand de Champagne's Speculum dominarum, and the Livre du chevalier de la Tour Landry. Here, Burger considers how the texts move away from the idea of woman as irretrievably fallen or wayward (common in clerical writings on women) to imagine woman's nature as...

Die gewohnheitsrechtliche Praktik der Leviratsehe in Kenia und Uganda

The practice of levirate marriage describes cases where, under the customary conception of marriage, a male relative of the deceased husband ‘inherits’ or ‘takes over’ his widow. Based on the concept of legal pluralism, the paper analyses different notions of marriage in customary law and statutory law. Within this legal framework the collective character of marriage under customary law and the assumption that the alliance entered by two kin groups is not dissolved by the death of one spouse function as central preliminaries for the levirate marriage. Even though the levirate shows a large number of variables, all these arrangements were initially created as a support system for the widow and her children. Furthermore, it allowed the perpetuation of the lineage and the maintenance of the alliance between two families. By referring to case studies from various ethnic groups in Kenya and Uganda the paper discusses current developments of and challenges for this complex practice that constitutes a field of multiple negotiations especially in its legal-pluralistic context.

Marital Rape Legislation– An Emerging Need, Indian Prospective

Sexual ferocity is defined as the action of divulging somebody to a sensual conduct without one’s accord. It comprises of a large range of behaviours from touching to raping. The mainstream of the sufferers are women. Rape is the act of having erotic intercourse with an individual without consent. The notion of marital rape has been unnoticed for years because of the philosophy that endorses men have the right to treat their spouses as they desire and the wife must provide her man with all his requirements. These days with the variations and progress in the notion of marriage, the upsurge in the consciousness of the society and the understanding of the idea of violence against women; it has been understood that sensual intercourse should be equally desired by both parties of the married couple. Or else it should be well-thought-out as sexual assault.The aim of the research paper is to review the medical, social and legal aspects of marital rape, to present the existing situation about marital rape in India, also to discuss how it could be barred.

Making Examples of Women: Juan Luis Vives' The Education of Christian Women

Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) composed “The Education of a Christian Woman” in order to cement his patronage relations with the Queen of England, Catherine of Aragon and to lay the foundations of his own social thought. Scholars have been divided about the extent to which the work may be regarded as conservative, this article points to those areas of textual tension that give rise to contradictory evaluations of “The Education”. The essay analyses the use of pagan, Christian and contemporary exempla in order to demonstrate that Vives formulates a bourgeois notion of marriage which he wishes to impose on aristocratic women. His attacks on court life, the emphasis on frugality and the diatribes against conspicuous consumption lend support to a view of a women remaining invisible in the home. A queen is the test case for such an assessment and Vives attempts to diminish her autonomy as far as possible.

Marriage, Sacramental Grace, and Contraception

Marriage, Sacramental Grace, and Contraception1 Kevin Raedy The teaching of the Catholic Church on the matter of contraception is deeply controversial. Or, at second glance, perhaps it is not. Pope Francis, in his post-synodal apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia (The Joy of Love), unequivocally affirms the ancient, uninterrupted, and unyielding stance of the Church in opposition to contraception.2 But the anticipation, and hence the subsequent reaction, surrounding the issuance of Amoris Laetitia was heavily focused on what have become the hot-button issues of the day: concerns related to same-sex attraction and the reception of the Eucharist by divorced and civilly remarried couples. In turn, Francis’s affirmation of the Church’s condemnation of contraception seems to have attracted relatively little attention. There may, however, be a second reason for this comparatively muted response: the Church’s teaching on contraception is now so routinely and comfortably ignored that it has simply lost its ability to stir up controversy. There is, it should be acknowledged, a remnant, a small minority of the faithful who have held firm to two millennia of Christian thought on contraception. Is there a course to be charted that might [End Page 1051] lead others back into the teaching of the Church? Pope Saint John Paul II, with his instruction on marriage, forged an intellectual framework that may well be conducive to this very end—to helping us think with the Church regarding the problematic nature of contraception. Focusing on the notion of marriage as a sacrament, we can find in John Paul’s teaching a line of argument that might resonate particularly well with those who are actively living out a sacramental life of faith—an argument that might lead them to rethink the very plausibility of contraception within a Catholic marriage. Before considering the theological deliberations of John Paul II, however, I will provide a brief historical sketch of the events surrounding the issuance of the encyclical letter Humanae Vitae.3 This background information will be helpful in setting the stage for the remainder of this essay, but it may also be instructive in its own right, in part because many of the Roman Catholics who currently reject the Church’s teaching on contraception have likely been influenced, whether consciously or not, in important ways by the immediate and explosive reaction to Humanae Vitae and the aftershocks set into motion by that reaction. The Reception of Humanae Vitae—Then and Now The encyclical letter Humanae Vitae, promulgated by Pope Paul VI in July of 1968, offered a steadfast affirmation of two millennia of Church teaching on the issue of contraception. It also gave birth to a vociferous outcry of cantankerous dissent. Among the more visible objectors was Charles Curran, a Catholic priest and, at the time, a member of the theology faculty at The Catholic University of America. Curran guided a coordinated rebuttal to Humanae Vitae that included a written statement of protest—signed by eighty-seven theologians and accompanied by a press conference in Washington, DC—a mere one day after the official release of the encyclical in Rome. Two days later, Curran held a second press conference, by which time he had presided over the mailing of more than 1,200 letters—return postcards included—in a continuing effort to garner signatures for his statement of opposition. Curran’s statement plainly stipulates that the Church’s teaching on contraception is fallible and then proceeds to set forth a laundry list of claims in opposition to the encyclical (only partially enumerated here): it arose out of a highly centralized and insular Church hierarchy that [End Page 1052] overstepped the bounds of its authority; its conclusions follow from an overly narrow theological analysis; it is inattentive to an impending overpopulation problem; and its dire predictions regarding the widespread use of artificial birth control are simply unfounded. On the basis of these shortcomings, the statement concludes by advising that compliance with the Church’s teaching on contraception is properly relegated to the dictates of one’s conscience.4 Another highly visible dissenter was Bernard Häring, a German theologian who served on a commission established by Pope Paul VI to study the...

Anne Hampton Brewster's St. Martin's Summer and Utopian Literary Discourses

ABSTRACT Anne Hampton Brewster's relatively unknown St. Martin's Summer (1866), based on her European Grand Tour, contributes to discussions of utopian literary discourses. Employing the theoretical lenses of Jennifer Wagner-Lawlor and Tom Moylan, including Michel Foucault's notion of heterotopias, this article demonstrates how Brewster's revision of her travel notebook and cultural situations she witnessed provided opportunities for personal change. The novel's focus on a community of women and a final chapter onboard a clipper in the Atlantic reverberate with “floating island” imagery and contest traditional notions of marriage, exploration, and travels home. Attention to characters' political engagement (including that of a fictional Robert Dale Owen), dream visions that transport characters through time and space, and comments on marriage set the stage for examining the novel's frames. A self-reflexive preface prevents the final chapter from being seen as fixed and dissolves into consideration of Brewster's composing process. These suggest how Brewster's dialectical movement between journal and novel enabled her to look both backward and forward, envisioning possible futures, and to launch herself from a life of entrapment. Brewster left Philadelphia to become a newspaper correspondent in Rome, beginning in 1868 and continuing for two decades, engaged with the political situation around her.

A Contrastive Analysis of the Notion of Marriage in the Nineteenth American Literature and the Pre-Islamic Arabic Literature

The current study aims at contrasting the notion of marriage in the nineteenth American literature with that of the pre-Islamic Arabic literature. To conduct the study, the marriage advice given by the mother (Marmee) in Alcott's Little Women will be compared with Umama Bint Al-Harith's in the pre-Islamic era to see how women in both literatures view marriage and the status of womanhood in their own cultures. A close reading contrastive analysis will be implemented on both pieces of advice to see how the culture influences the mothers' notion of marriage in both texts. The study concludes that although the notion of marriage is similar in both literatures, it is different due to the cultural effect on women's perception of their status in their cultures of their relationship with men.

Marriage, violence and HIV: the shifting policy context in Uganda

The policy environment for vulnerable women in Uganda is rapidly changing, with the aim of introducing more punitive measures for violent offenders and more options for women seeking help. This paper examines HIV-positive women who experienced intimate partner violence in two regions of Uganda prior to the enactment of the Domestic Violence Act of 2010. Based on in-depth interviews and observations, it reports on women’s views of marriage and relationships, and their strategies for help seeking to show the interaction between the two phenomena within the local cultural and political context. HIV-positive women in Uganda reshape their notions of marriage and love based on experiences of violence, illness management and broader social factors. Their narratives of relationships and conflict reveal an ambivalence toward formal marriage because of both its security and rights and its potential to inhibit leaving, as well as a reluctance to seek help through formal means. This construction of marriage is intertwined with the shifting social backdrop in Uganda, in particular the increasing rollout of antiretroviral treatment for HIV and the development of new policies surrounding violence, marriage and divorce. Women’s experiences show potential points of intervention and the need for multi-sectoral responses to violence.

Rodzina – jej wartość i znaczenie z perspektywy życia Dorosłych Dzieci Rozwiedzionych Rodziców

We live in a world where our values and beliefs passed from one generation to another are being redefined. The notions of marriage and family also receive different meanings. Persons involved in my research often stressed the great value they associate with this smallest social group. I think that their opinions and beliefs are the consequence of the fact that my interlocutors – as they admitted – did not experience things they were talking about themselves. On the other hand, their opinions about marriage and family are full of uncertainty and fear of impermanence. Such anxieties related to these crucial forms of relationships are typical of adult people. They do not seem to believe that their relationships can last forever. It is especially marriage that they see as impermanent, weak, and unstable,and as something likely to decay. They believe that the memories concerning their parents' divorce are proofs of their theories.

The Importance of Marriage and Family in the Narratives of Adult Children of Divorced Parents

Abstract We live in a world where all the beliefs, passed from one generation to another, all our values are being redefined. Notions of marriage and family also receive different meaning. Today, the term „marriage” extends its meaning, not limiting itself to the naming of „entangled” couples by legal or church law. It also refers to people who consider themselves to be linked with each other, not only by legal terms, people whose relationships are different on various levels from the traditionally understood marriage. However, for generations we have invariably associated the notion of family with love, support, warmth and place of meeting with people important and valuable to us, on who we can count on and expect some help when we need it. Such an importance given to the family was revealed in my interviews with the adult children of divorced parents. People involved in my research often stressed the great value they associate with this smallest social group. Statements about marriage and family seem to be firmly rooted in the past experiences, which is reflected in their convictions concerning the impermanence of marriage and family systems. On the other hand, one can notice an intense longing for what they could not experience in the past - a stable and happy family. I believe that in the context of the presented narrations one can conclude that the divorce of the parents as the critical life event is strongly written in the identity of „the children of divorce”. It highly influences their attitudes towards marriage, family and relationships in general.

Percepcija braka, porodice i roditeljstva studentske omladine u svetlu religijske identifikacije i verske tolerancije komparativna perspektiva

In a comparative perspective, the paper shows students' attitudes towards family, marriage and parenthood obtained in an empirical study entitled 'Cultural orientation of actors/students, interethnic relations, national identity and the culture of peace in the Balkans' on the samples from the University of Bitola, Veliko Tarnovo and Niš. It analyzes findings from the three subsamples, and tests the hypothesis that students' religiousness and the firmness of their religious beliefs predicate their attitudes towards fami­ly, marriage and parenthood, irrespective of the country where they study. It is expected that the student youth in all subsamples shows preference for the individualistic model of partnership, symmetrical parenting, egalitarian partner and family relationships, but also that the choice of some attitudes clearly indicates the presence of traditional value patterns. At the same time, it is assumed that respondents who identify themselves as firm believ­ers, and those who express a lower level of religious tolerance towards other religions, largely follow traditional patterns in the notion of marriage, fami­ly and parenthood.

Marriage Matters But How Much? Marital Centrality Among Young Adults

ABSTRACTMarriage, once a gateway to adulthood, is no longer as widely considered a requirement for achieving adult status. With declining marriage rates and delayed marital transitions, some have wondered whether current young adults have rejected the traditional notion of marriage. Utilizing a sample of 571 young adults, the present study explored how marital centrality (the expected importance to be placed on the marital role relative to other adult roles) functioned as a unique and previously unexplored marital belief among young adults. Results suggested that marriage remains an important role for many young adults. On average, young adults expected that marriage would be more important to their life than parenting, careers, or leisure activities. Marital centrality profiles were found to significantly differ based on both gender and religiosity. Marital centrality was also associated with various outcomes including binge-drinking and sexual activity. Specifically, the more central marriage was expected to be, the less young adults engaged in risk-taking or sexual behaviors.

‘Solemnis(ing) beginnings’: theories of same-sex marriage in the USA and South Africa

This paper explores arguments for and against same-sex marriage as ‘movement advocacy’ in the USA as a backdrop to the proposition that, despite the influence of US discourses on South African debates about same-sex marriage, US discussions are less important to understanding South African responses than controversies about marriage itself in the country. The paper works in two sections. First it sketches legal and critical tensions within the USA around the implications of same-sex marriage activism, drawing on work from Franke, Brandzel, Grossman, Puar and others. Second, it notes arguments on queer homonationalisms, made most forcefully by Puar, concerning the effects and interests of ‘exporting’ US legal ideals to countries elsewhere, especially poorer countries. It then moves to offer suggestions for ways of nuancing this argument through stronger critical attention to context concerning radically shifting notions of marriage within those countries themselves, using South Africa as a case study. This section draws on recent work by Judge, van Zyl, Scott, Mkhize and Adebayo and Nyameza, among others.

Same-Sex Marriage: A Human Right? American View v. European View

In our modern societies, the concept of marriage is far from what it was in ancient human history. Over time, the notion of marriage has been regulated as a union between a man and a woman, making it a legal institution. However it is an Illusion to think that banning marriages of a certain type can make those unions cease to exist. It does exist but in a non-official way. Both the United States and Europe rally for human rights and both are symbols of equality in the world.In this paper, the current issue of the recognition of same-sex marriage between Europe and the United States, in a comparative law approach, will be examined, as from a debate to an overview of a gradated recognition. It will be suggested future marriage as a new approach of human right, from a traditional institution to keys of a challenged recognition.