Notion Of Growth Research Articles

(Mis)Trust and Pragmatism as Grounded Normativity

(Mis)Trust and Pragmatism as Grounded Normativity

Nutrient-Limited Operational Strategies for the Microbial Production of Biochemicals.

Limiting an essential nutrient has a profound impact on microbial growth. The notion of growth under limited conditions was first described using simple Monod kinetics proposed in the 1940s. Different operational modes (chemostat, fed-batch processes) were soon developed to address questions related to microbial physiology and cell maintenance and to enhance product formation. With more recent developments of metabolic engineering and systems biology, as well as high-throughput approaches, the focus of current engineers and applied microbiologists has shifted from these fundamental biochemical processes. This review draws attention again to nutrient-limited processes. Indeed, the sophisticated gene editing tools not available to pioneers offer the prospect of metabolic engineering strategies which leverage nutrient limited processes. Thus, nutrient- limited processes continue to be very relevant to generate microbially derived biochemicals.

Analysis of International Trade Relation Regarding India and the European Union

The world's major importers and exporters are India and the European Union. When considering the notions of growth, the flow of trade plays a significant part in defining a country's economic development rate since business allows for the improvement of technology in an area critical to production and competitiveness. estimates argue that commerce alone cannot result in monetary growth and development since other elements such as political stability, the extent to which the rule of law is enforced, and the population growth rate, among other critical concerns, all contribute to a country's economy. In the study, the influence of the EU exports and imports on India's GDP will be analyzed. The results of the data processing and calculation are summarized. The prediction of Indian export and import by 2025 is also included in the research.

A positivist criticism of positivist growth theory

The notion of growth is one of the most studied notions within economic theory and, traditionally, it is accounted for based on a positivist thesis according to which assumptions are not relevant, if economic models have acceptable predictive power. Following this view, it does not matter whether assumptions are realistic or not. Arguments against this principle may involve a defence of the realistic assumptions over highly idealized or false ones. This article aims in a different direction. Instead of demanding more realism, we can accept the spirit of the mentioned thesis, but, instead, criticize the circularity that may arise by combining different assumptions that are necessary for the explanation of economic growth in mainstream economics. Such a circularity is a key aspect of the well-known problem of providing microfoundations for macroeconomic properties. It is here suggested that the notion of emergence could be appropriate to arrive at a better understanding of growth, clarifying the issues related to circularity, but without totally rejecting the usefulness of unrealistic assumptions.

Educating Democratic Character

AbstractMany recent writers on democracy have lamented its decay and warned of its imminent death. We argue that the concerns are focused at three different levels of democracy. The most fundamental of these, celebrated by Tocqueville and by Dewey, recognizes the interactions and joint deliberations among citizens who seek sympathetic mutual engagement. Such engagement is increasingly rare in large-scale political life. In diagnosing and treating the problems, we recommend returning to the debate between Lippmann and Dewey, in which many of the concerns now prominent were already voiced. This inspires the main work of the paper – the reconstruction of Dewey’s conception of democracy as a ‘mode of associated living’. We focus on the thesis that democracy is educative and explicate Dewey’s notion of growth, showing how democratic education contributes to three important functions: the capacity for sustaining oneself, the enrichment of individual experience, and the ability to enter into cooperative discussions with fellow citizens. Dewey’s conception of democratic education is directed at fostering particular virtues and, if citizens come to possess them, the need for Lippmann’s ‘omnicompetent individual’ vanishes. We conclude by suggesting that Dewey’s project of educating democratic character is pertinent for addressing the disaffection of our times.

A Postcapitalistic People? Examining the Millennial Generation’s Economic Philosophies and Practices

This article investigates the economic orientations of the members of the Millennial generation, so as to assess possible shifts towards their adoption of degrowth philosophy and practice. The text provides a general literature review oriented towards indicating the link between the Millennial generation’s economic standpoints and possible directions of evolution of the economic system in the Western world. An orientation towards the market and its economic system has become one of the distinctive features embedded in the portrait of the Millennials, who not only create the dominant social force of the Western world but also represent the first generation in which the majority question well-established market philosophies. The article considers the potential contribution of the Millennial generation to the further development of alternatives to traditional notions of growth. Until now, the evolution of the economic framework has been pushed forward mainly by policymakers and government representatives. System designers have shaped the desired outcomes via international agreements, internal policies, and the empowerment of different economic actors, driven by a belief in the long-term benefits of the capitalism–democracy nexus. However, this moment in history, in which such principles are being seriously questioned, creates a space for bottom-up processes and the reconfiguration of economic realities with a potentially transformative effect on the whole framework.

Stochastic Methods for Neutron Transport Equation III: Generational Many-to-One and $k_{\texttt{eff}}$

The Neutron Transport Equation (NTE) describes the flux of neutrons over time through an inhomogeneous fissile medium. In the recent articles [5, 10], a probabilistic solution of the NTE is considered in order to demonstrate a Perron-Frobenius type growth of the solution via its projection onto an associated leading eigenfunction. In [9, 4], further analysis is performed to understand the implications of this growth both in the stochastic sense, as well as from the perspective of Monte-Carlo simulation. Such Monte-Carlo simulations are prevalent in industrial applications, in particular where regulatory checks are needed in the process of reactor core design. In that setting, however, it turns out that a different notion of growth takes centre stage, which is otherwise characterised by another eigenvalue problem. In that setting, the eigenvalue, sometimes called k-effective (written $k_\texttt{eff}$), has the physical interpretation as being the ratio of neutrons produced (during fission events) to the number lost (due to absorption in the reactor or leakage at the boundary) per typical fission event. In this article, we aim to supplement [5, 10, 9, 4], by developing the stochastic analysis of the NTE further to the setting where a rigorous probabilistic interpretation of keff is given, both in terms of a Perron-Frobenius type analysis as well as via classical operator analysis. To our knowledge, despite the fact that an extensive engineering literature and industrial Monte-Carlo software is concentrated around the estimation of keff and its associated eigenfunction, we believe that our work is the first rigorous treatment in the probabilistic sense (which underpins some of the aforesaid Monte-Carlo simulations).

From Limits to Ecocentric Rights and Responsibility: Communication, Globalization, and the Politics of Environmental Transition

Abstract This article provides a comparative map of the outstanding discursive features and shared underpinnings of the Limits and Transition discourses (TDs) by examining how they have been communicated to reshape the public sphere. Though both are deeply implicated in globalization, the formation of these environmental discourses responds to distinct sets of social agents and interests and to different but complementary ontological and epistemological grounds. In the Global North, the Limits discourse challenged the assumption of unmitigated growth yet has remained anthropocentric. Environmental TDs associated with the Global South present more contestatory positions on the notion of growth by problematizing human-centeredness and embracing a radical ethics of care. Limits and TDs represent paradigmatic shifts in the history of environmentalism. Accordingly, communication scholars should consider the lessons that can be taken from these discursive fields to foster regenerative ecocultural identities and animate progressive thinking on environmental governance and its communication practices that serve both human and non-human wellbeing.

What Might Dewey Think of Knowledge Insertion?

AbstractIn two articles, “Might Knowledge Be Insertable?” and “Is Knowledge Insertion Desirable?,” John Tillson argues that knowledge insertion is conceivable and desirable for the person who has it inserted. By knowledge insertion, he means the immediate or almost immediate acquisition of knowledge by means other than traditional processes of learning. He takes the case presented in the science fiction film The Matrix as paradigmatic and characterizes it as a special case of direct intervention, which begin with change in brain structure and function and result in in changes in thought patterns and behavior, by contrast to indirect interventions, which begin with changes in thought patterns and behavior and result in rewiring brain structure and functioning. Here, Gonzalo Obelleiro follows Tillson's argument and offers one special case in which knowledge insertion is not desirable and that is not fully elucidated by Tillson's conditions for desirability. John Dewey's notion of growth as summum bonum depends in important ways on gradual, progressive, traditional processes of learning. Deweyan growth constitutes a case of intrinsically valuable learning that can be tragically jeopardized by calculation errors in knowledge insertion. This is a significant risk that Tillson does not consider in his articles.

Identifying the effect of Digital Marketing channels on the growth of SME in South Asia: A Case Study on Faheem Haydar Dealzmag

Marketing has become a big obstacle for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around the world due to high prices. The conventional marketing communication mechanism, such as television, radio, etc., appears to have a high cost at which it does not even satisfy the intended customers and therefore does not produce the desired result. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of digital marketing on the growth of SMEs in South Asia. Several digital marketing channels, such as email marketing, social media, web advertising, etc., were used to achieve this, while the notion of growth was measured in terms of revenue and market share. Therefore, questionnaires were formulated and administered through an online platform and replied to 47 of the 50 respondents distributed by the questionnaire, providing a response rate of 93.00 percent. The population was composed of clients and employees of Faheem Hayder Dealzmag as well as employers.

WATER CONSERVATION IN DESERT CITIES: FROM THE SOCIOECOLOGICAL FIX TO GESTURES OF ENDURANCE

Abstract Urban water provision is the archetypal case for the recent wave of urban political ecology, using the concept of “fix” to illustrate belief in technical forms to solve socioecological problems like uneven water distribution and environmental degradation. On the one hand, this paper shows that the risks of water shortages in Arizona, USA are a technical concern. Professionals are dedicated to the promotion of water conservation to “fix” a dysfunctional hydro-social cycle. Yet, environmental organizations raise a critical approach to this “hydrocracy”. They defend local water supplies, river regeneration, and reuse as promoting a low water-use “desert lifestyle”. Building on the intellectual history of “fixes”, we apply Giorgio Agamben’s concept of “gesture”, signaling how, in places of deep water scarcity, water conservation policies remain within notions of growth, such that pauses in water availability leave open future promises of resource abundance so the moment of scarcity can be endured.

An anthropology of waste

ABSTRACTThis article discusses plastic and other solid household waste in both rural and urban Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and integrates several practical and theoretical perspectives in its analysis. An exploration of the everyday littering practices of the Javanese people is combined with analysis of their particular ways of relating to the environment. This study reveals that an abstract notion of nature is not seen as crucial by most actors. Rather, what counts for individuals is their immediate social environment. Government officials are increasing efforts to raise awareness of the issues at hand, and to encourage citizens to sort household waste and to recycle. However, bottom-up initiatives such as community-based ‘waste banks’, communal clean-ups and ‘recycle fashion’ street carnivals that address various social, economic, and emotional aspects of waste have proven much more efficient. Thus, a tentative path to transform the waste problem that, in the authors’ perspective, challenges the notions of growth, modernisation, and human-nonhuman relations is seen in Java in the mobilisation of the local, social and moral world. However, it is not certain that this will generate a less consumptive lifestyle leading to the much needed reduction of waste.

Indigenous knowledges as a way to disrupt norms in physical education teacher education

ABSTRACTThe maintenance and reproduction of prevailing hegemonic norms have been well explored in physical education teacher education (PETE). A related problem has been the exclusion of Indigenous knowledges around health and physical education (HPE) in students’ experiences of HPE and PETE. The danger is that certain ways of being and becoming a PE teacher, other than the sporty, fit, healthy (and white) teacher, are excluded, positioning other preservice teachers’ experiences, knowledges and ways to teach as deficient. In this paper, we discuss findings from an investigation (Australian Office for Learning and Teaching CG10-1718) into the HPE practicum experiences of Indigenous Australian preservice teachers, illustrating the resources they bring to Australian HPE and PETE through the lens of John’s Dewey’s notion of growth and Todd’s [(2014). Between body and spirit: The liminality of pedagogical relationships. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 48(2), 231–245] ideas of liminality of pedagogical relations. This enables us to discuss Indigenous preservice teachers’ capacity in disrupting norms in HPE and fostering the liminality of the pedagogical relations in PETE.

Split in the Perception of Identity: A Case from Gurkhas of India

The present study is a case from Gurkhas of Dehradun in the state of Uttarakhand in India. Gurkhas, popularly known for their soldier skills, are presently going through a phase of transition and identity crisis. During the course of an extended stay in the group, a conflict in the thinking pattern of Gurkha youth and old emerged. A tendency is emerging in Gurkha youth to break out of the tag of ‘Nepali’ (citizen of Nepal) and concurrently the old are trying to preserve their identity by not mixing with ‘others’. This gave me the opportunityto investigate for the self-regulatoryfocus orientation (SRFO) (promotion/prevention type) among the Gurkhas and also the kind of counterfactuals (additive/subtractive) generated by them. Self-regulation with a promotion focus is characterised by concern for growth while prevention focus is typified by concern about maintenance of the status-quo. Counterfactuals are thoughts of what might have been, of how the past might have turned out differently. They could be either additive (addition of aspects that were not in fact present) or subtractive (subtraction of aspects that were present). Using range of methods like ethnography, observation, audiovisual aids and structured interviews it was revealed that SRFO and preference for generation of additive and subtractive counterfactuals is different among the young and old Gurkhas of rural and urban Dehradun. Having predilection for promotion and additive thinking, the Gurkha youth symbolises itself more with the notions of growth; whereas the old Gurkha having penchant for prevention and subtractive thinking stand for maintenance of their unique culture. This split in perceptions and identity among different sections of Gurkhas is a manifestation of both the ‘reflexive’ approach of Antony Giddens and importance of ‘how they view their future’ of French existentialists.

Socio-Economic Philosophy of Conventional and Islamic Economics : Articulating Hayat-E-Tayyaba Index ( HTI ) on the Basis of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah

In this paper, we have presented contrasting positions of Conventional Economics and Islamic Economics with respect to socioeconomic philosophy. The epistemology of human life as deemed in conventional economics is strongly rooted in rejection of religion and rewards in life hereafter. In the conventional terms, human is a self-autonomous being, with sole motives of self-interest, growth, and development. Contrary to this position, Islam guides and encourages toward becoming a non-self-centric man, with a mission to spiritually develop oneself and others, by taking a leap from darkness to lightness. This Islamic religiostic approach in every sphere of life—Religion, Life, Intellect, Lineage, Property—is governed more generally by Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, through which one gains internal and external satisfaction, leading toward a peaceful life—Qur’ānically termed as Hayat-e-Tayyaba. Further on, the notion of Growth and Development in Conventional Economics is contrasted with the superior notion of Hayat-e-Tayyaba for Islamic Economics. This paper identifies and suggests variables within the society for deriving essence of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and utilizing it for developing a Hayat-e-Tayyaba Index. A survey exploring the religiosity among the male and female youth of Pakistan was also carried out.

Satire, Children, and Traumatic Violence: The Case of Ahmadou Kourouma and Uwen Akpan

My essay explores the child figure as narrator/focalizer/character and victim/perpetrator of traumatic violence and chilling abuse, as represented in Kourouma’s Allah Is Not Obliged (2000) and Akpan’s Say You’re One of Them (2008). These narratives offer themselves for comparison not least because both rely on satire and are about African children exposed to extreme violence in several late-postcolonial African states, but also because of the problematic of representation in contemporary African fiction which they signal. The use of brutalized/brutalizing child narrators/focalizers/characters is an anxious way and limit-point in the representation of excessive degradation characteristic of most contemporary African states. It is emblematic of crises of representation in current African fiction. These narratives inscribe themselves in, but also trouble, the notion of growth whereby child narrators/focalizers were used in the conventional manner of the Bildungsroman genre in late-colonial and early-postcolonial African narratives. They express an ambivalent anxiety, an apprehension that has haunted the African writer since Camara Laye’s African Child (1953) and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958): the satisfaction of a hegemonic Western readership, on the one hand, and, on the other, the genuine expression of the entanglements of the postcolonial present in the pre-colonial/colonial past as a way of imagining a different future for Africa. The narratives are symptomatic of writers stretched taut by the demands of local problems and the expectations of broader discourses about Africa’s sad current affairs. Together with other narratives of a similar streak, the two novels mark a significant shift or at least daring experimentation by contemporary African writers seeking ways of narrativizing the continent’s fractured past, fraught present, and a decidedly bleak future.

Deep Presidency: Toward a Structural Theory of an Unsustainable Office in a Catastrophic World—Obama and Beyond

Modern and postmodern theories of the presidency tend to place the American president on a continuum of power, asserting the need for either a more active or less active chief executive. From the seminal work of Richard Neustadt, celebrating the assertive president seeking to maximize power and leadership, through the contrasting view of historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and others who sought to restrict the reach of the executive, scholars have battled over the appropriate balance of power—particularly the executive-legislative scale. From an alternative critical/structural view of the office, this expansive-restrictive debate, while important, misses the central point that regardless of party, personality, or management style, all presidents seek the same structural goals. If, as Theodore Lowi has argued, the president is the “state personified,” then we need to ask how the capitalist state shapes and constrains the imperatives presidents must pursue, given our political economy and the ideology that sustains it. Two core imperatives emerge for the literature on theories of the state: the pursuit of economic growth and the provision of “national security.” This article explores debates over theories of the presidency in the light of twenty-first-century challenges to conventional definitions of “growth” and “national security.” In the face of global climate change and the decline of US military and geopolitical preeminence, can the presidency break free from its imprisonment in orthodox notions of growth and national security to forge a more sustainable path for the nation and the office? And more broadly, if our way of life in fact undermines our way of life in an unsustainable self-defeating logic, absent a cataclysmic crisis, what, if any, role can the president play in fostering a deep change of direction? By challenging the power structure of the political economy, a critical/structural theory of the presidency is best situated to address such questions.

(Pre)Occupied Locations: Subverting Marginality—Reply to Commentaries

In my response to commentaries by Hartman and Sedgwick, I examine the positions from which each chose to speak. Hartman's rather light approach performs a particular function: the mentalization of anal erotic and homoerotic desire through the introduction of surplus meaning. I explore the relationship of this approach to the absence of rigorous theoretical critique in his essay. I question Sedgwick's decision to limit her critique to the confines of queer theory; this results in a constriction of meaning rather than the expansion she purports to offer. I challenge her notion of growth through mutual recognition with a model of change that is based in psychoanalytic theory and practice. Contrary to her assertion, I do not jettison danger or gender destabilization from the discourse on anal eroticism between men, but I question these as obligatory or constitutive to its meaning.

La notion de croissance chez Dewey et Rorty

Résumé Résumé : La notion de croissance revêt deux types d’aspects : quantitatif et qualitatif. Le premier évoque l’accroissement, l’augmentation, ou le changement physiologique. Le deuxième concerne l’enrichissement, l’accomplissement de la personne ; il est lié à la tâche éducative. Les philosophes américains John Dewey et Richard Rorty s’accordent à souligner la « nécessaire indétermination » du terme « croissance », afin de laisser ouvertes les perspectives d’évolution. Cependant, leurs points de vue divergent quant à la valorisation des périodes de l’enfance. L’un souligne la créativité et la singularité de l’adolescence, tandis que l’autre se refuse à établir une telle distinction. L’analyse de ces deux conceptions des « âges de la vie » permet à l’auteur d’appréhender deux philosophies de l’éducation. Richard Rorty entend promouvoir l’enseignement littéraire et la relation entre professeurs et étudiants et si avec lui la notion de croissance ne semble trouver sa véritable signification qu’au sein de l’université, John Dewey fait valoir l’importance d’une méthode générale, applicable dans tous les établissements scolaires. Comment, dès lors, ces philosophes nous aident-ils à appréhender les idées de maturité, d’accomplissement personnel et collectif ? Et comment à partir de leurs modèles épistémologiques propres, offrent-ils une alternative éducative, un choix de société ?

Practical Approach for Incorporating the Notion of Growth in the Evaluation of the Cost of Capital

Abstract A practical approach is given for evaluating the growth rate “g” used in business evaluations. The method uses a two-stage model and is based on the determination of an effective growth rate using company projections usually found in the business plan and the expected long-term growth of the economy.