Notion Of Accommodation Research Articles

The Place of Israel’s Palestinian Citizens in Mamlakhti Culture: The First Independence Days and the Notion of Accommodation

The place of Israel’s Palestinian citizens in its republican-mamlakhti culture is a constant source of ambivalence and indecisiveness for Israeli agents of memory. The issue was initially raised with regard to the first Independence Day, when the different institutions were unsure how Palestinian citizens should mark it, if at all. During the 1950s, this question concerned 150,000–200,000 Palestinian citizens (11%–18% of the total population), but it also had implications for the national narrative and the public sphere. The article argues that despite the obvious power relations between Jews and Palestinians, during the first five Independence Days the authorities often used terminology and techniques of accommodation commonly associated with consociationalism. In the belief that the holiday celebrations should not be enforced (at least not directly), they avoided addressing the source of tension (the place of non-Jews in a Jewish public culture), and generally accepted decisions that were locally based, temporary and improvised.

The Perils of Accommodation: Jesuit Missionary Strategies in the Early Modern World

The notion of accommodation, or the adaptation of one’s message to one’s audience, has been regarded as a central feature of the Jesuit way of proceeding at least since the seventeenth century. In recent years, scholars have come to understand accommodation as a rhetorical principle, which—while rooted in the rules of classical oratory—permeated all the works and ministries performed by the Jesuits of the Old Society. By comparing the theoretical notions about accommodation and the advantages and risks of adapting both the Christian message to native cultures and vice versa, this paper shows how and under what conditions the Jesuit missionaries were able to translate this rhetorical principle into a proselytizing praxis. By focusing on the examples of José de Acosta in Peru, Matteo Ricci in China, and of those Jesuits working in the missions in Paraguay and Chile, this essay will show how the needs in the missionary field superseded and overruled the theoretical requirements set beforehand. They revealed the ways in which the political and cultural context in which the missionaries operated determined the negotiations needed in order to achieve a common ground with their would-be converts if their mission was going to happen at all.

Shallow syntactic annotation in the corpus of Wrocław University of Technology

Shallow syntactic annotation in the corpus of Wrocław University of TechnologyIn this paper we present shallow syntactic annotation of The Wrocław University of Technology Corpus. We discuss some theoretical and practical considerations related to shallow parsing of Polish, then we present our annotation guidelines. The proposed annotation scheme includes chunking – four chunk types are defined with reference to the notion of accommodation and syntactic connotation, as well as annotation of four inter-chunk predicate-argument relations. Until now almost 18k chunk and 4k relation instances have been annotated. We believe that both the corpus and the annotation guideliness will prove their applicability in construction of automatic shallow parsers.

Vagueness, Open-Texture, and Retrievability

Just about every theorist holds that vague terms are context-sensitive to some extent. What counts as ‘tall’, ‘rich’, and ‘bald’ depends on the ambient comparison class, paradigm cases, and/or the like. To take a stock example, a given person might be tall with respect to European entrepreneurs and downright short with respect to professional basketball players. It is also generally agreed that vagueness remains even after comparison class, paradigm cases, etc. are fixed, and so this context sensitivity does not solve the problems with vague terms. In this paper, I briefly sketch the main features of my broadly contextualist account of vagueness, that of the late Ruth Manor, and that of Agustín Rayo, showing how the three accounts relate to, and reinforce, each other, noting a seeming difference. A key item used to articulate my own view is David Lewis's notion of conversational score. This is used to track which borderline cases have been called in the course of a conversation. Manor alludes to Lewis's notion of accommodation, a key aspect of the kinematics of conversation, and Rayo invokes Stalnaker's notion of common ground. I'll show how the conversational score could be employed to develop and extend their views, showing how vague terms, as they construe them, are (or can be) deployed in conversation, consistent with both the underlying indeterminacy of the terms and normal communicative goals. To help develop all three views further, I invoke Craige Roberts's notion of Retrievability, a tool developed to show how definites, such as definite descriptions, singular pronouns, and proper names, are deployed in conversation, in a Lewis-style scorekeeping framework. This, I think, is exactly the right way to understand conversations in what Manor calls non-sorities situations and, to invoke my own view, in sorites situations as well.

Religion, politique et régulation juridique aux États-Unis

From a French perspective, the relationship between the state and religion in the United States may seem paradoxical. On the one hand, the American nation was the first one to have established, by constitutional means, a separation between religious bodies and the political realm. On the other hand, religious and political spheres in the US still seem to overlap to some extent. While French approaches tend to regard US laïcité as uncertain and incomplete, this article discusses whether laïcité is in the US incomplete or aware of tensions to be lessened among religious, political and social forces. I focus on legal regulation and consider the notion of accommodation as a particular form of legal laïcité.

Blockade of induced xenoantigen expression prevents rejection after retransplantation of accommodated hamster-to-rat heart xenografts.

We have shown previously that a 2-week course of leflunomide (LF) together with a maintenance therapy of cyclosporine (CsA) rendered hamster-to-rat heart xenografts (Xg) resistant against anti-hamster IgM xenoantibody (XAb)-mediated rejection, a state compatible with the notion of accommodation. Our aim in this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying this Xg accommodation. "Accommodated" Xgs were retransplanted to CsA-treated naive rats in the presence or absence of additional LF treatment or anti-hamster IgM serum injection. Immunohistopathology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed to detect IgM and complement (C) deposition in Xgs, and endothelial cell (EC) expression of P- and E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in vivo and in vitro. Retransplanted accommodated Xgs were rejected in CsA-treated naive rats and elicited IgM XAbs. Passive transfer of IgM XAbs provoked hyperacute rejection of both control and retransplanted Xgs. Addition of a 5-day course of LF prevented the rejection of only accommodated Xgs. Adoptively transferred IgM XAbs were deposited in rejected control and accommodated Xgs, but not in accommodated Xgs accepted by LF-treated rats. LF blocked the EC induction of P- and E-selectins in both control fresh and accommodated Xgs. Hence, after retransplantation accommodated Xgs express mainly induced xenoantigens (XAgs), such as P- and E-selectins, that can entirely be suppressed by LF. In contrast, control hamster Xgs express additional XAgs and remain susceptible to XAb-mediated rejection. These findings are in agreement with in vitro studies showing that LF totally suppressed induced EC antigens (e.g., P-selectin and E-selectin), but not constitutively expressed antigens (e.g., ICAM-1). Accommodated Xgs show a down-regulation of constitutive XAgs, but may be rejected after retransplantation by a mechanism involving EC expression of inducible XAgs. LF is able to block this latter XAg induction.

Framing the construct of life satisfaction in terms of older adults' personal goals.

Older adults' life satisfaction can be better understood in light of their personal goals. This study of 179 elders examined (a) how goals correlate with satisfaction, (b) whether elders maintain satisfaction by accommodating goals to past losses, and (c) how correlations between satisfaction and key predictors differ among groups with different goals. Satisfaction was related positively to social maintenance and energetic life-style goals and negatively to concerns for improvement, disengagement, stability, and reduced activity. Past losses were correlated with current goals but not with satisfaction, consistent with the notion of accommodation. A cluster analysis identified 5 patterns of goals: high demand, age prescribed, self-focused, socially engaged, and low demand. Correlations between satisfaction and other predictors differed by cluster, suggesting that the determinants of elders' satisfaction depend on personal goals.

Only a Papert mind: A response to Papert

As a commentary on or a version of Piaget’s notions of accommodation and assimilation, Papert’s use of the computer, the Turtle, and the LOGO language is interesting. It is perfectly reasonable to assume that in a new environment, with new and more responsive objects like the Turtle and its accompanying language, the child will accommodate to and assimilate new concepts. It is an exciting idea that children of the present generation in our society might be able to make transitions to big, but seemingly abstract, notions of physics and mathematics earlier in their childhood than the children of Piaget’s generation because they have, for the first time, a language and a concrete situation which enables them to visualize and express the physical or mathematical relationships. The idea is not only exciting, but generally consistent with Piaget’s o\\vn views; he certainly would have agreed did agree, in effect that the social conditions which confront a child substantially affect how fast the child makes transitions from stage to stage, and what stage the child attains at maturity. In a society which does not make use of the relatively abstract relationships of modern economic and scientific life, people may not make the transition to Piaget’s highest stage of development because, it seems the) do not need to*. There is little in their accommodation and assimilation which would pull them forward to that stage. It is just because Piaget considers the last or highest stage to be linked to abstract thinking that he has often been accused, like Papert after him, of tailoring his psychology to the instrumental and industrial needs of the moderri West. Correspondingly, it is interesting but not surprising, in the Piagetian scheme, if a machine designed to represent just the physical or logical relations a child needs to grasp in order to advance should help children to develop more rapidly in the modern world. Papert might be criticized, as he has been in these pages, for furthering the project of instrumental reason, or for widening the gap between the developing and the developed world. But those criticisms, it seems to me. are not such as would be likely to carry much weight with him, because he obviously feels himself to be more or less at ease in the abstract world of modern science. His findings are not less interesting or less valid (if they are valid) because they fit into a social world that his radical critics would like to change. Accordingly, 1