Accident Notification Research Articles

Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre profissionais de enfermagem no Paraná

The objective was to analyze the epidemiological profile of notifications of work accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in Parana, through the historical series determined for the years 2013 to 2022. Descriptive observational epidemiological study of the survey type, based on descriptive epidemiology, based on data from the System Information on Notifiable Diseases and the National Registry of Health Establishments. 48,405 cases were identified, with a prevalence of 98.54/1,000. More occurrences among female nursing technicians aged between 31 and 40 years old, from the Metropolitan Health Regional Facilities, in year 2019, stand out. Among nurses, the age range was between 18 and 30 years old, with discharge progressing without serological conversion and negative sources of disease. The high number of abandoned treatments and underreporting stands out. Investing in professional training, continuing education, quality protective equipment and implementing protocols for prophylactic treatment are essential to prevent the disease.

Evaluation of occupational health and safety training for nursing students

Introduction. Nurses, who constitute the largest part of the healthcare team, start to encounter many occupational exposures from the beginning of their education and this exposure continues throughout their professional lives.
 Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of occupational health and safety education on the knowledge levels of second year nursing students.
 Materials and Methods. The sample of the quasi-experimental research with a single-group pre-test post-test design consisted of 261 second-year nursing students. The data of the research were collected with the "Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire" and the "Occupational Health and Safety Training Questionnaire" between March-June 2018.
 Results. The average age of the students participating in the research is 20.87±1.31. When the pre-test and post-test occupational health and safety knowledge levels of nursing students were compared, it was found that the rates of knowing the occupational health and safety law correctly, knowing the responsibilities of the employees, knowing the occupational hazards for the health workers, and knowing what to do to prevent the sharps injuries were statistically significant. level was found to increase (p <0.05).
 Conclusion. In the study, in which the effect of occupational health and safety education given to second-year nursing students on occupational health and safety knowledge levels was evaluated, it was determined that the education provided an increase in the students' knowledge of occupational health and safety law, occupational hazards and protection from occupational hazards for healthcare workers, notification of occupational accidents and waste management.

Environmental management for car accident precaution and remote notification

Cars have been utilized as reliable means of transportation beyond the capacity of motorcycles. However, the misuse and abuse of these vehicles through unsafe practices like speeding and reckless driving poses a great risk that results in accidents – and sometimes – with casualties. In such unfortunate circumstances, the importance of prompt accident notification is extremely important for the driver. This notification should encompass vital accident details and precise location information. Thus, the implementation of a comprehensive system for accident warnings and the remote transmission of accident data emerges as an imperative safety measure. In this system, accidents are assessed based on the vehicle's slope relative to the road and speed. The vehicle's slope is measured using ultrasonic sensor, which calculates the ground clearance distance at two different locations of the vehicles. The two sensors will provide warning when there is a difference of more than 3 cm. Speed is measured using GPS, with the limit set at 90 km/h. If crashed occurs, Airbag Sensor gives logic ‘1’, then GPS will take current coordinates and date of the accident, then sends it via SIM800L in SMS format to registered number. Thus, the dangerous condition signed by 4,7 cm difference marked by Red LED and formed 7o angles which caused by excessive maneuver while GPS has 95% accuracy with speedometer. Thus, this voice output sure be great while quiet environment which output quality is 45dB at conversation environment.

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect occupational accident notification in different economic activities and occupations in Brazil? An ecological study using p-score

Resumo Objetivo: mensurar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas notificações de acidentes do trabalho (AT) no Brasil, por atividade econômica e ocupação. Métodos: estudo ecológico que utilizou os casos de AT registrados entre 2015 e 2020 no Anuário Estatístico da Previdência Social. Os AT foram analisados por setor de atividade econômica, ocupação e códigos da 10ª revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10). Uma adaptação do p-score foi aplicada para comparar os casos de AT pré-pandemia com os do primeiro ano da pandemia. Resultados: os p-scores variaram de -60,2%, para AT por nexo técnico epidemiológico, a -13,9%, para AT típico. As doenças do trabalho apresentaram p-score de 151,1%. Houve aumento notável nos casos de doenças ocupacionais dos capítulos I e X da CID-10. As notificações de AT diminuíram em todas as categorias de atividades econômicas, exceto nas de saúde humana e serviços sociais (p-score = 8,0%). Na maioria das categorias, os valores foram negativos, exceto nos subgrupos forças de segurança e profissionais de saúde de nível superior, técnico e gestores. Conclusão: houve redução geral na notificação de AT durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, que evidenciou desigualdades entre diferentes setores de atividades e ocupações, além de mudança no perfil de adoecimento dos trabalhadores.

Acidentes de Trabalho em Hospital Central: uma visão holística

Introduction All over the world, workers are exposed to hazards in the workplace, which can result in accidents. Hospitals are environments rich in dangers and, therefore, Work accidents are more likely to occur with subsequent musculoskeletal injuries, or risk of transmission of biological agents. Objectives To know the characteristics of accidents in the work context that occur in a Central Hospital. By describing and analyzing them, it is possible to make an adequate risk assessment, allowing in the future to adopt preventive measures that reduce or eliminate the existing dangers in the hospital environment. Materials and methods Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. As a data collection instrument, a database belonging to the Occupational Health Service of a Central Hospital, with information on injured Health Professionals, was used. Only mechanical accidents or those with exposure to biological fluids were selected. The normality of the distributions was tested and the Chi-Square, Fisher or Mann-Whitney tests were applied, considering the significance level for rejection of the null hypothesis of 5%. Results A total of 265 Work Accidents were analyzed, 36.2% mechanical and the remaining with exposure to biological fluids. The groups with the highest number of victims were the nurses (49.4%) and aged between 21 and 30 years (36.2%). Between January and March 2021 there was a peak in the number of accidents (n=51) and the median time from admission to the occurrence of the accident was lower in those who had exposure to biological fluids compared to mechanical ones. The attribution of Absolute Temporary Disability to the victims was 84.5%, highlighting that there were no associations between independent variables and the attribution of temporary disability (absolute or partial). Discussion and conclusions The characteristics of the population that suffered Work Accidents at the Central Hospital under analysis is identical to those of other studies. During the peak of hospitalizations in the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of accidents in the Hospital increased, suggesting that the pandemic and the associated high workload may be a possible cause. The high incidence of accidents with exposure to biological fluids, in professionals with less experience, may be related to the lack of dexterity in the handling of materials and equipment and the high attribution of Absolute Temporary Incapacity can be attributed to the low notification of less serious accidents. In this way, the Occupational Health Service should intercede with the Health Professionals to promote the notification of accidents, particularly the less serious ones that are often devalued, allowing to take measures to minimize these events. It will be important to strengthen preventive measures, which, considering the characteristics of accidents, may be the use of equipment or materials for the mobilization of loads, use of appropriate footwear, improvement of the Hospital’s infrastructures, awareness of existing risks and, especially in accidents with exposure to biological fluids, training to improve the technical skills of professionals in the handling of materials and equipment. No predictors were identified for the existence of temporary disability after a Work Accident, studies with a larger target population, an increase in time span and, eventually, longitudinal studies to identify possible associations are recommended. KEY WORDS: Musculoskeletal Injuries, Biological Agents, Work Accidents, Risk Assessment, COVID-19.

Regulatory and Legal Support of International Nuclear Law

Between the first regulatory and legal development of international nuclear law in 1957 and modern achievements, three main stages of this process can be distinguished.
 The first period of development of international nuclear law corresponds to the period of development of nuclear energy and guarantees of its peaceful use by all non-nuclear weapon states. This dual purpose was legally confirmed by the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1957 and the entry into force of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1970.
 The first stage in the development of international nuclear law was complemented by a second growth phase aimed at increasing collective resilience to the dangers of nuclear energy. The Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and especially the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 triggered intense regulatory activity aimed at preventing nuclear accidents and better managing their consequences on an international scale.
 As a result, several international conventions have been adopted in this area: The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the Convention on Nuclear Safety and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management.
 Unlike the first-generation nuclear nonpro­liferation treaties, these norms do not violate the essential sovereignty of the states parties. By merging binding provisions and flexible legislation, a cooperative system was created for flexible and decentralized management of nuclear activities on an international scale.
 The third stage of the development of inter­national nuclear law, in which we are currently located, is characterized by both negative and positive elements.
 On the negative side, there are problems that affect the effectiveness of international nuclear law. The most alarming issue in this area is the independence of nuclear regulatory authorities in several countries, although it is regulated by Article 8 of the Convention on Nuclear Safety and Article 20 of the Joint Convention on Nuclear Safety.

The Illegality of Relative Subjects Actions in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

A 9.0-magnitude earthquake and subsequent 14-meter tsunami occurred in March 2011 in the Northeast Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan. The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant located along the coast was attacked by the tsunami and suffered a nuclear leakage accident, which is called the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster. The damage caused by the accident not only affected the local area, but also spread to surrounding nations and regions. This study mainly focuses on the actions of the Japanese government and the Tokyo Electric Power Company in the disaster, and uses literature research method. Information related to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster and relevant conventions have been collected and analyzed. By means of searching, categorizing and comparing the research and study of different scholars, institutions and organizations, the paper collated and analyzed the inappropriate and even illegal behaviors of the Relative Subjects mentioned in the case, and came to a conclusion that these behaviors have violated the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

A Hardware Vehicle Security and Accident Notification System using the Haar Cascade Algorithm

Low-cost vehicle security and accident notification system is essential in this modern society as vehicle theft and accidents that occur are increasing daily. In this proposed system, hardware for vehicle security is implemented, with authentication, and accident notification. Authentication is achieved by face detection and recognition using an open CV. The defaulter information is forwarded to the authenticated mobile number of the person by whom the vehicle is owned, using the GSM module and a notification email. The face authentication module was developed using the discrete wavelet transform-based Haar cascade algorithm. In addition to the face authentication, accident notifications will be sent to family members of the vehicle owner. Micro electrical mechanical system sensor was utilized to detect accident incidents using the accelerometer concept.

Accident/RTO/Abandoned Vehicle Investigation Using QR Code on Vehicle

Abstract: In India fatal road traffic accidents constitute a significant public health problem in many countries around the world. In Saudi Arabia, road accidents are one of the leading causes of death. The delay in detecting and caring for people who have been exposed to traffic accidents increases the risk of injuries. Injury care after the accident is severely affected by time; a few minutes may separate life from death. Several solutions have been proposed to reduce the incidence of accidents or to reduce the mortality rate at a high financial cost. Recent approaches are using built-in vehicle accident notification system. While these approaches work in pleasing manner, they are expensive, maintenance complex task, and are not available in all cars. However, there is a lack of methods and solutions used to detect the rapid occurrence of accidents and thus speed in transfer of patients to medical centres. In this project we are providing solution for betterment of traffic accident management The various uses we are providing are vehicle identification, in case of accident to identify the victim in case of vehicle stolen-using chasse number, etc. we are using QR code to make the users documents secure. QR Codes have fast response time and have large storage capacity, QR Codes can be used perfectly to send encrypted data (messages) to the receiver. In user panel, user will upload documents after submission the verification takes place in verification panel then the verified user will be given the unique QR code. At the signal, traffic police will scan the QR code and get all the documents of the respective user. So this system will provide a smart and easy way of verification of documents and identifying the user in accident management system

SMART HELMET

Now days, there are many accidents and brutal assault activities being happen and are normally at an inclination point. The project aims in designing a smart helmet to provide safety and security using PIC microcontroller. The controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller. Switch, alcohol sensor, MEMS sensor, GPS, RF Transmitter, RF receiver, DC motor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module are interfaced to the Microcontroller. Whenever the user wears the helmet, the switch detects that and then only the helmet section circuit works properly. When the alcohol sensor detects the alcohol, then the system will stop the vehicle ignition automatically. MEMS sensor is uses to detect the accident of the bike and send the blynk notification to the parents/police along with location. This system sends the accident notification to the user mobile using blynk mobile application. This system uses GPS technology to track the location of the person. To stop the vehicle automatically, the wireless communication is implemented between the helmet and the ignition part of the vehicle by using RF technology

Occupational accidents involving pesticides notified by SINAN.

The present article analyzed the number of pesticide accidents registered in Tocantins. In the case of occupational exposure to pesticides, the impact of pesticides on farmers is particularly great during direct handling or improper storage. This paper aims, through notifications of industrial accidents involving pesticides, to provide its target audience with information on notifications of accidents. To analyze notifications of occupational accidents with pesticides via SINAN in the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. The research deals with an explanatory literature that provides greater familiarity with the problem, making it clear or structured. We can emphasize that pesticide poisoning is a serious public health problem. Among notifications of this event, 178 involved three types of pesticides, accounting for 12.35% of pesticide notifications. Furthermore, the most marketed pesticides are those whose formulation is based on the following active ingredients: glyphosate, 2,4-D, and mancozeb. After analyzing the data, we observed that the challenges brought by pesticide poisoning are related to the eligibility of the database of occupational accidents involving exogenous intoxications, being necessary to replace the use of agricultural pesticides, use pesticides safely for workers and the population, and seriously combat underreporting.

Completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases: a descriptive study, Brazil, 2007-2019.

to describe the completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), in Brazil and its macro-regions, from 2007 to 2019. we analyzed essential and non-mandatory fields for snakebite, spider bite and scorpion sting notifications, considering the following completeness categories: Excellent (≤5.0% incompleteness), Good (5.0% to 10.0%), Regular (10.0% to 20.0%), Poor (20.0% to ≤50.0%) and Very Poor (>50.0%). Proportional change in completeness between 2007 and 2019 was estimated. 1,871,462 notifications were investigated. The "localized manifestations", "systemic manifestations", "case classification", "case progression" and "zone of occurrence" fields had excellent or good completeness. Completeness was regular or poor for the "schooling" and "race/color" fields. The "occupation" field was predominantly poorly or very poorly filled in. There was a proportional worsening in completeness (PC<0) in most regions for the "zone of occurrence", "case progression" and "schooling" fields. completeness of most fields improved, although socioeconomic and occupational fields require more attention.

Epidemiological profile of work-related Covid-19 in Brazil, 2020-2021

Covid-19 is the newest occupational disease, and its transmission patterns can lead to high rates among workers. This work aims to describe the epidemiological profile of work-related Covid-19 cases in Brazil. Methods: Descriptive study using notifications of work accidents by Covid-19 (B34.2) from 2020 and 2021. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan). Absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic characteristics and occupation groups were presented, and Incidence Rates (IR) per 100,000 workers calculated. Results: In 2020 and 2021, 70,618 cases of work-related Covid-19 were reported, with a mean IR of 37.2 cases per 100,000 workers. Most cases occurred among women (65.1%), brown (36.1%) or white (33.0%), aged between 35-39y (17.4%) and 40-44y (15.4%), with more than 8 years of study (60.2%). The most affected workers were nursing technicians or assistants (25.6%), followed by nurses (10.0%), doctors (5.1%), and administrative agents, assistants or auxiliaries (5.1%). Approximately 70.1% cases progressed clinically to cure, 14.5% to temporary disability and 2.0% to death caused by Covid-19. Conclusions: Covid-19 has driven several physical, social and economic impacts to workers globally. In Brazil, frontline workers, particularly healthcare workers, appear to have a high probability of infection. Lack or misuse of protective equipment, workplaces with person-to-person physical contact, inadequate ventilation, shared eating, and accommodation areas, can be considered the main causes of outbreaks of Covid-19 at work. Despite most cases has progressed to cure, the impacts of long Covid-19 are still unknown and must be further investigated.

Body parts affected in accidents at work: a population cross-sectional study in brazilian semi-arid municipalities

Knowing the body parts affected in accidents at work is important to support managers and professionals in the sectors of work safety in the adoption of measures to promote health and prevent accidents. This study identifies the body parts affected in a work accident registered at the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST) ​​in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study, carried out from the database of the Reference Center for Occupational Health in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected between March 2015 and February 2016, from notifications of occupational accidents from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), referring to the period from 2009 to 2013, totaling 2,438 occurrences. There was accidents involving the hands (37.6%), upper limbs (15.4%), lower limbs (13.0%) and feet (10.9%) were the most frequent. Were observed a greater number of victims of occupational accidents among men (90.7%) in the age group of 20 to 59 years (85.6%). There is, in fact, a predominance of body parts involved in occupational accidents in the population, with emphasis on the hand, upper limb, lower limb and foot (p = 0.0001). The study showed workers' health promotion strategies should be encouraged in the workplace, as well as the guarantee of access and the correct use of personal protective equipment, for the prevention of risks, injuries and diseases, considering that accidents cause expenses for the State and losses for the victims.

Simulation of Vehicular Network Use in Emergency Situations and Security Applications on a Pakistan Highway

VANETs (vehicular ad hoc networks), which are revolutionary techniques to enhance road safety, can be used to broadcast information about dangerous traffic conditions or accidents. However, distributing important information for driver safety and well-being has strict time and reliability requirements. This is because messages must be received by all cars involved in a potentially dangerous scenario for proper precautions to be taken to avoid the problem from materializing or intensifying. Because of the deterioration in conventional wireless communication system performance, ensuring that such requirements are met is a serious concern. To validate the concept before the actual installation of such systems and their absorption into the vehicle sector, it is therefore critical to employ simulation methodologies that are both reliable and thorough. This piece consists of large-scale, realistic security simulation research of an emergency situation based on actual road traffic data acquired on a Pakistan route. The study’s findings are detailed in the following paragraphs. Aspects such as the incorporation of fixed communication units along a stretch of roadway and the performance of the vehicular network notifying all vehicles engaged in the various accident scenarios modeled on the same stretch of highway were evaluated. Both of these characteristics were designed to increase safety and security applications. After doing the investigation, it was observed that when fixed communication units are incorporated into the network infrastructure, there is a shorter delay in receiving the accident notification. This was the conclusion made after reviewing the findings. Drivers of vehicles located closer to the accident site will be able to respond in a timely and safe manner as a result of this improvement in network performance, and drivers security of vehicles located further away will have the option of exiting the highway to avoid potential congestion caused by increased road traffic.

An Active System for Vehicle Accident Detection and Tracking

Nowadays, road accidents are very high. Over time medical aid can help save lives. We are eliminating the delay time between the accident happened and rescue team with the help of vehicle accident detection and notification system. In occurrence of accident the Contact Sensors that are mounted on the vehicle will break and it will send the signals to ESP32 microcontroller. Microcontroller then sends the alert notification of Accident Occurred! through GSM. The notification will be send on the Mobile through an app where the user can find the live location of vehicle with the help of GPS. Also, in case the vehicle has been theft, the owner can find the live location of vehicle through the Mobile App. User can make the Ignition OFF in case if vehicle is still moving and also can make buzzer ON. This both features are provided in the Mobile App. The proposed system aims to alert people in and around the occupant of the vehicle about the accident so that they can provide immediate medical attention and also give the facility to make the vehicle start or stop in case of theft.

Animais peçonhentos em Pernambuco: crianças em risco

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of accidents caused by venomous animals in children under 15 years old. Methods: a cross-sectional study with an analytical component using secondary data from Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), (Poison Center in Pernambuco)), in 2017 to 2019. Notifications of accidents caused were included in the studied age group and evaluated the characteristics of poisoning (animal classification, exposure zone, place and time of the occurrence and specific use of serum therapy), and of the patient (sociodemographic variables, clinical condition and evolution). The analysis performed in STATA® 13.1 presents frequency distribution tables and Pearson’s chi-square for comparison. Results: of the 2678 notifications, 82,8% were scorpionism and 10, 8% snakebite. The age group of1 to 9 years old (70.5%) and being male (54.1%) were predominant. Most of the cases occurred in urban area (80.9%), in Recife (67.3%), inside the victim’s residence (83.9%) and at night (47.3%). The majority (87.1%) were classified as ‘mild severity’, 10% received antivenom therapy and one died (by scorpionism). Two cases of snakebite in the workplace were registered. Conclusion: there was a high frequency of accidents caused in the urban area, which may be related to the lack of urban planning and sanitary education. The accidents caused among children in the household environment and the suspicion of child labor in the age group of 10 to 14 years old were also highlighted which favors the development and habits of the venomous animal.

A Flaming Ions and Fire Accident Detection and Notification System: Imperative to Learning C-Programming Language

A Flaming Ions and Fire Accident Detection and Notification System: Imperative to Learning C-Programming Language

Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 na vigilância em saúde do trabalhador em unidades básicas de saúde

The aim was to analyze the profile of workers' health notification events present in the literature carried out in UBS and the possible repercussions of the pandemic period. Integrative review carried out from August to November 2021, in the following databases: SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Using the descriptors Notification of Work Accidents, Notification of Diseases, Family Health Strategy, Primary Health Care. 2,681 articles were found and, after thorough reading, 20 studies were selected. The diseases that affected professionals during the pandemic stood out, in which Burnout Syndrome predominated. The main issue identified in the study was the psychological commitment, as part of the professionals, especially health professionals, subjected to so much scarcity of resources and extreme demands.

Profile of work accidents caused by venomous animals in Brazil's Federal District from 2009 to 2019.

IntroductionThe high numbers of accidents involving venomous animals in tropical countries is a major public health problem and has prompted the World Health Organization to place them on its list of neglected tropical diseases. The Notifiable Diseases Information System shows that the number of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals increases every year. In Brazil, accidents involving venomous animals are the number one cause of human intoxications. The public health importance of accidents and their consequential importance for workers is clearly illustrated by the more than 100,000 accidents and almost 200 deaths that occur annually.ObjectivesTo observe and analyze the profile of accidents involving venomous animals in Brazil’s Federal District.MethodsA retrospective descriptive case series study of data from four databases containing information on accidents involving venomous animals. In addition to analyzing each one, they were also compared to each other.ResultsA total of 11,376 accidents involving venomous animals from 2009 to 2019 were registered in the Federal District. There were 363 occupational accidents and zero deaths in the period. There were discrepancies between each of the databases analyzed.ConclusionsSubnotification and discrepancies should be better evaluated and subsequently resolved by the managers of each database. Actively seeking information and better organization of the organs responsible for database management are possible solutions to the current problems.