Notification Delivery Research Articles

IoT-based Facelook and Fingerprint Safe Security System

This research aims to develop an advanced safe security system by combining Facelook and Fingerprint technologies based on the Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies are expected to provide a higher level of security and facilitate access for safe owners. Subsequently, testing is carried out on the safe's opening mechanism after successful authentication via both the fingerprint sensor and the face recognition system. These trials encompass the evaluation of success rates, the speed of the opening mechanism, and the overall response time. Data from the testing phase is collected and analyzed to comprehensively assess the system's performance. The average notification delivery delay for the face recognition system was measured at 2.67 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.37. The notification delivery data revealed an average delay of 2.04 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.38 These findings collectively affirm the effectiveness of the integrated face recognition and fingerprint system in the proposed safe security setup

An observational mechanism for detection of distributed denial-of-service attacks

<span>This study proposes a continuous mechanism for detecting distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks from network traffic data. The mechanism aims to systematically organise traffic data and prepare them for DDoS attack detection using convolutional deep-learning neural networks. The proposed mechanism contains ten phases covering activities, including data preprocessing, feature selection, data labelling, model building, model evaluation, DDoS detection, attack pattern identification, alert creation, notification delivery, and periodical data sampling. The evaluation results suggested that the detection model built based on convolutional deep-learning neural networks and relevant network traffic features provided 97.2% detection accuracy. The study designed a holistic mechanism that considers the systematic network traffic data management for continuous monitoring and good performance of DDoS attack detection. The proposed mechanism could provide a solution for network traffic data management and enhance the existing methods for DDoS attack detection. In addition, it generally contributes to the cybersecurity body of knowledge.</span>

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pelacakan pada Penyewaan Sepeda Motor Menggunakan GPS Berbasis Internet of Things

Motorcycles are a means of transportation that many people choose for daily transportation. This is because motorbikes are more effective and efficient than cars. However, the rate of loss of motorbikes continues to increase, especially for motorbikes that are rented out. By designing a system that can provide comfort to vehicle renters and increase security in opening a motorbike rental business. Therefore, a system is designed that can monitor the position of motorbikes that can be monitored through an Android application. The motorcycle will be installed with a tracking system using the GPS module, RTC module and nodemcu microcontroller. The GPS module functions to determine the coordinates of the motorbike's whereabouts and is displayed on an Android-based application and the RTC module is used for scheduling notification delivery in the form of messages to tenants when the rental time is up. The results of this study are that the android application can track the position of the motorbike and make it easier for motorbike rental business owners to work.

Parents’ digital Labor and disrupted parent-teacher relationships: theorizing Chinese parents’ voices from the home-based online learning

ABSTRACT The digital age has fundamentally altered the distribution of work and responsibilities in schools. Parents, as important stakeholders in schooling, are taking on more digital labour and facing changing roles. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, parents’ digital labour often remained overlooked as they were not able to observe or participate in the whole process of schooling in the school. However, home-based online learning during the pandemic lockdown has created a rare situation of integrating technology into schooling, expanding parental involvement, and providing an opportunity to systematically explore the digital labour of parents and the influence of parent-teacher power relations in this regard. Using qualitative data from an open-ended parent survey in China, this study finds that parents take on the dual roles of regular parent and “surrogate teacher” in home-based online learning during the pandemic. Behind these two roles is a spectrum of digital labour ranging from technical support, notification delivery, and homework submission to monitoring and guiding school learning, learning content and time management, and learning-related communications with teachers. While technology strengthens existing unequal power relations, it also breaks teachers’ monopoly over teaching affairs. Parents thus experience mixed emotions and develop a sense of shared responsibility and empathy with teachers.

Development of a notification delivery specimen system for perioperative Thai nurses via the LINE application.

The aim of the study was to develop and examine satisfaction in using a notification delivery specimen system for perioperative Thai nurses through the LINE application. Design and development research was used in the study and 100 perioperative nurses were recruited from the three operating theatres in hospital settings in Thailand. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The overall satisfaction in using a notification delivery specimen system for perioperative Thai nurses through the LINE application was at the high level (M = 4.09, SD = 0.75). The perioperative nurses reported ease of use and safety scored high (M = 4.24, SD = 0.62), followed by sharpness of figures and the coloured light alert (M = 4.15, SD = 0.92), sending messages via LINE notification, and delivering the specimen quickly within the time period (M = 4.10, SD = 0.69). The notification delivery specimen system, designed specifically for perioperative Thai nurses and integrated with the LINE application, yielded exceptionally high levels of satisfaction among users. These promising results suggest the potential for widespread adoption in various hospital settings in the coming years.

Users' Expectations, Experiences, and Concerns With COVID Alert, an Exposure-Notification App

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 users of Canada's exposure-notification app, COVID Alert. We identified several types of users' mental models for the app. Participants' concerns were found to correlate with their level of understanding of the app. Compared to a centralized contact-tracing app, COVID Alert was favored for its more efficient notification delivery method, its higher privacy protection, and its optional level of cooperation. Based on our findings, we suggest decision-makers rethink the app's privacy-utility trade-off and improve its utility by giving users more control over their data. We also suggest technology companies build and maintain trust with the public. Further, we recommend increasing diagnosed users' motivation to notify the app and encouraging exposed users to follow the guidelines. Last, we provide design suggestions to help users with Unsound and Innocent mental models to better understand the app.

Alert Now or Never: Understanding and Predicting Notification Preferences of Smartphone Users

Notifications are an indispensable feature of mobile devices, but their delivery can interrupt and distract users. Prior work has examined interventions, such as deferring notification delivery to opportune moments, but has not systematically studied how users might prefer an intelligent system to manage their notifications. Hence, we directly probed Android smartphone users’ notification preferences via a one-week experience-sampling study ( N = 35). We found that users prefer mitigating undesired interruptions by suppressing alerts over deferring them and referred to notification content factors more frequently than contextual factors for explaining their preferences. Then we demonstrated the challenges and potentials of leveraging user actions to help predict notification preferences. Specifically, we showed that a model personalized using user actions achieved a performance gain of 39% than a generic model. This improvement is similar to the 42% performance gain using labels solicited from the user while using observable user actions causes no extra disruption.

Android-based Mobile Panic Button UI application design development in responding to emergency situations in Universitas Indonesia (UI)

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop and redesign the Mobile Panic Button UI (PB1) application as an emergency notification service, as well as conduct a simulation on the use of the new version of the application.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the operational research design with a theoretical research framework that followed input, process and output. Primary data were collected through observation, measurement and interview while the secondary data were obtained from literature review. The first step of the analysis was input analysis that included problem identification on the existing Panic Button as input, or PB 1 in this study. This was followed by the analysis of the planned second version of the Panic Button (PB2) development, starting from problem identification to trial and error testing and evaluation of the results of the simulation of seven types of emergency events that involved users, emergency response officers and experts.FindingsThe study shows that the first version of PB1, developed in and used since 2017 at Universitas Indonesia, still had several weaknesses, particularly in its inability to provide adequate information. Only 30% of the standards for a mobile emergency application were met by PB1, which affected the performance of emergency responses. This was one of the reasons why the new version of Panic Button UI (PB2) was developed. The new features in PB2 comprise the inclusion of features for collecting information on user's name and mobile phone number, emergency category options, victim information, photo/voice information, description on the nature of the emergency (text), location selection, emergency notification delivery, notification delivery popup and emergency notification delivery to the emergency response team (ERT) officer. The time needed for using the second version of the Panic Button UI mobile application is 20 s faster than the previous one. PB2 can accelerate response time and response action time; improve response accuracy; facilitate the emergency notification process; and facilitate emergency communication.Originality/valueVarious notification alert systems have been developed in many countries. However, there is a lack of information in Indonesia, especially in educational setting. This study is the first study on a notification alert system application applied in the university. Emergency response is critical due to the big impact of disasters. This study will inform the stakeholders or users, particularly those in educational institution on how to implement mobile app–based emergency response notification systems.

Shared-Task Worklists Improve Clinical Trial Recruitment Workflow in an Academic Emergency Department.

Clinical trials performed in our emergency department at Barnes-Jewish Hospital utilize a centralized infrastructure for alerting, screening, and enrollment with rule-based alerts sent to clinical research coordinators. Previously, all alerts were delivered as text messages via dedicated cellular phones. As the number of ongoing clinical trials increased, the volume of alerts grew to an unmanageable level. Therefore, we have changed our primary notification delivery method to study-specific, shared-task worklists integrated with our pre-existing web-based screening documentation system. To evaluate the effects on screening and recruitment workflow of replacing text-message delivery of clinical trial alerts with study-specific shared-task worklists in a high-volume academic emergency department supporting multiple concurrent clinical trials. We analyzed retrospective data on alerting, screening, and enrollment for 10 active clinical trials pre- and postimplementation of shared-task worklists. Notifications signaling the presence of potentially eligible subjects for clinical trials were more likely to result in a screen (p < 0.001) with the implementation of shared-task worklists compared with notifications delivered as text messages for 8/10 clinical trials. The change in workflow did not alter the likelihood of a notification resulting in an enrollment (p = 0.473). The Director of Research reported a substantial reduction in the amount of time spent redirecting clinical research coordinator screening activities. Shared-task worklists, with the functionalities we have described, offer a viable alternative to delivery of clinical trial alerts via text message directly to clinical research coordinators recruiting for multiple concurrent clinical trials in a high-volume academic emergency department.

Community-Led Index Case Testing: A Promising Strategy to Improve HIV Diagnosis and Linkage to Care in Partners of Key Populations in Nigeria

Background: The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is concentrated in Key Populations (KP), people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and partners of people living with HIV. Due to stigma and discrimination, these groups have poor access to HIV testing services (HTS) and linkage to treatment is challenging. To address this gap, index case testing, targeting sexual contacts and injecting partners of KP index clients, was introduced in 2017.MethodsHTS was offered between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2019 in nightclubs, hotels, or community-based ART clinics in Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Lagos states. Index testing was assisted by peer navigators. In-person and social network methods were used to mobilize partners of KP. We described the feasibility of implementing index testing, analyzed Partner Notification (PN) delivery models, and calculated HIV seropositivity among persons who underwent Index Testing. Findings: We found that a mixed approach to partner notification was effective. PN was predominantly done through provider referral 5,159 (68.3%) and passive referral 2,278 (30.1%). A total of 3,119 index partners; 1,322 FSW (42.4%), 1,255 MSM (40.2%) and 542 PWID (17.4%) identified 8,989 sexual and injecting partners (average of 2.9 per index client). Among the partners, 7,556 (84.1%) were first-time testers, and 79.4% (5,999) of male partners tested. Of the 3,753 (49.7%) partners tested HIV-positive, 3,492 (93.0%) were enrolled in HIV care. HIV seropositivity rate was 65.5% (1,021/1,557) among females and 45.5% (2,732/5,999) among males and was disproportionately higher among PWID injecting partners 99.1% (581/586), PWID sexual partners 98.9% (433/438) and MSM sexual partners 95.6% (605/633) in Cross river compared with 71.4% (575/805) in FSW sexual partners. Interpretations: Including index case testing as part of community led HTS is feasible and effective, particularly for reaching first-time testers, many male KP and persons not yet diagnosed with HIV. Scale-up of index case testing within community-led HTS for KP is essential for achieving the United Nations 90-90-90 goals. Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. OK was supported by a professorship grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 163878) and a Swiss National Science Foundation project grant (320030_192452). Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Federal Capital Territory, Health Research Ethics Committee, Nigeria (approval no: FHREC/2020/01/123/12-11-20). This study only analyzed anonymized and de-identified data.

PASS: Reducing Redundant Notifications between a Smartphone and a Smartwatch for Energy Saving

Smartwatches have gained significant popularity in recent years. One major use of smartwatches is notification checking as an extended display . Smartwatch use provides an opportunity for energy saving because it affords a reduction in the frequency of smartphone use. However, sometimes user input is limited in smartwatches due to its small screen size and users are forced to use their smartphones to fully read notifications. In such cases, the advantage of an extended display in the smartwatch diminishes because users need to access their smartphones, which causes extra smartphone battery consumption. We define phone-preferable notification that requires a user to take further actions, such as checking detailed content and replying to a message. Given that phone-preferable notifications are likely to be handled on smartphones, it is possible to defer notification delivery to smartwatches. In this paper, we develop a novel notification manager, called PASS that automatically defers phone-preferable notifications and piggybacks them on watch-preferable notifications. For model building and evaluation, we collect 15,659 notifications in-the-wild from 11 users for approximately 31 days. In addition, for approximately two months we gather self-reported data from five users regarding which devices were used to respond to notifications. The results show that PASS can save daily battery for smartwatches and daily battery for smartphones up to 43.5 and 0.9 percent without introducing any noticeable negative results on user experiences.

Notifications to Improve Engagement With an Alcohol Reduction App: Protocol for a Micro-Randomized Trial.

BackgroundDrink Less is a behavior change app that aims to help users in the general adult population reduce hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. The app includes a daily push notification, delivered at 11 am, asking users to “Please complete your mood and drinking diaries.” Previous analysis of Drink Less engagement data suggests the current notification strongly influences how users engage with the app in the subsequent hour. To exploit a potential increase of vulnerability of excess drinking and opportunity to engage with the app in the evenings, we changed the delivery time from 11 am to 8 pm. We now aim to further optimise the content and sequence of notifications, testing 30 new evidence-informed notifications targeting the user’s perceived usefulness of the app.ObjectiveThe primary objective is to assess whether sending a notification at 8 pm increases behavioral engagement (opening the app) in the subsequent hour. Secondary objectives include comparing the effect of the new bank of messages with the standard message and effect moderation over time. We also aim to more generally understand the role notifications have on the overall duration, depth, and frequency of engagement with Drink Less over the first 30 days after download.MethodsThis is a protocol for a micro-randomized trial with two additional parallel arms. Inclusion criteria are Drink Less users who (1) consent to participate in the trial; (2) self-report a baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of 8 or above; (3) reside in the United Kingdom; (4) age ≥18 years and; (5) report interest in drinking less alcohol. In the micro-randomized trial, participants will be randomized daily at 8 pm to receive no notification, a notification with text from the new message bank, or the standard message. The primary outcome is the time-varying, binary outcome of “Did the user open the app in the hour from 8 pm to 9 pm?”. The primary analysis will estimate the marginal relative risk for the notifications using an estimator developed for micro-randomized trials with binary outcomes. Participants randomized to the parallel arms will receive no notifications (Secondary Arm A), or the standard notification delivered daily at 11 am (Secondary Arm B) over 30 days, allowing the comparison of overall engagement between different notification delivery strategies.ResultsApproval was granted by the University College of London’s Departmental Research Ethics Committee (CEHP/2016/556) on October 11, 2019, and The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Interventions Research Ethics Committee (17929) on November 27, 2019. Recruitment began on January 2, 2020, and is ongoing.ConclusionsUnderstanding how push notifications may impact engagement with a behavior change app can lead to further improvements in engagement, and ultimately help users reduce their alcohol consumption. This understanding may also be generalizable to other apps that target a variety of behavior changes.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/18690

In the matter of some issues on the notice of accusation according to criminal procedural law of Ukraine

The author examines the problematic issues of the essence of the notification of suspicion, its concept, meaning, which scientists interpret as: procedural activity, the meaning of which is the preparation by the investigator or prosecutor of a written notice of the suspicion and its delivery to the person in accordance with Art. art. 276-279 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine; procedural decision; procedural action; institute of criminal procedural law; pre-trial stage and the form of notification; pre-trial investigation stage; the first stage of formation of the state prosecution; the primary form of indictment against a specific person; commencement of the prosecution function. The ambiguous legislative regulation of the institution of notification of suspicion is considered, in particular, the absence of specific normative consolidation of the basic concepts of the institution of notification of suspicion and contradiction of the articles of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine (Article 177 and Article 276), and chapter 22 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, entitled “Notification of suspicion” regarding the connection of the procedural activity from the notification of suspicion with the array of the procedural actions of the investigator and / or prosecutor, the meaning of which is to establish legal and factual grounds for notification of suspicion (Art. 276), the drafting of a written procedural document (notice of suspicion) (art. 277) and its delivery to a person (art. 278). Attention is drawn to certain aspects when giving notice of suspicion and explaining rights to a person, as well as to typical procedural errors when notifying a person of suspicion, namely, acquisition of the procedural status of a suspect from the moment of actual delivery of mail with notification of suspicion; the formal explanation to suspects of the scope of their rights, the possibility of abuse by investigators and prosecutors of the right to apply a special procedure for notifying a person of suspicion. Key words:notice of accusation (suspicion notification), legal and factual grounds for suspicion notification, procedure for suspicion notification, notice of accusation submission, explaining rights to the suspect, notification delivery, typical procedural errors.

The Association of Death Notification and Related Training with Burnout among Emergency Medical Services Professionals

Introduction Death notification is a difficult task commonly encountered during prehospital care and may lead to burnout among EMS professionals. Lack of training could potentiate the relationship between death notification and burnout. The first objective of this study was to describe EMS professionals’ experience with death notification and related training. The secondary objective was to assess the associations between death notification delivery, training, and burnout. Methods: We administered an electronic questionnaire to a random sample of nationally-certified EMS professionals. Work-related burnout was measured using the validated Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Analysis was stratified by certification level to basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS). The association between the number of adult (≥18 years) patient death notifications delivered in the prior 12 months and burnout was assessed using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the adjusted association between training and burnout among those who reported delivering at least one death notification in the prior 12 months. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals are reported (95% CI). Results: We received 2,333/19,330 (12%) responses and 1,514 were included in the analysis. Most ALS respondents (77%) and one-third of BLS respondents (33%) reported at least one adult death notification in the past year. Approximately half of respondents reported receiving death notification training as part of their initial EMS education program (51% BLS; 52% ALS) and fewer reported receiving continuing education (30% BLS; 44% ALS). Delivering a greater number of death notifications was associated with increased odds of burnout. Among those who delivered at least one death notification, continuing education was associated with reduced odds of burnout. Conclusion: Many EMS professionals reported delivering at least one death notification within the past year. Yet, fewer than half reported training related to death notification during initial EMS education and even fewer reported receiving continuing education. More of those who delivered death notifications experienced burnout, while continuing education was associated with reduced odds of burnout. Future work is needed to develop and evaluate death notification training specifically for EMS professionals.

A conceptual framework for smart device-based notifications

The amount of information available for a person at a given time is growing at a disproportioned rate. Moreover, smart devices are becoming more and more popular. To avoid that human’s attention becomes a bottleneck and improve the number of notifications delivered to users, we believe that smart devices could serve as notifications mechanisms. This paper summarizes and concludes the efforts of a research project focusing on the use of smart devices as notification mechanisms. The goal of the framework is to assist researchers and developers in the conceptualization of smart device-based notifications. Furthermore, this paper presents the results of three evaluations. First, it describes the results of a survey on the need for novel notification mechanisms and the utility of smart devices as notification delivery mechanisms. Second, the results of a quantitative assessment on the impact of notifications delivered through smart devices compared with notifications delivered through smartphones. Results show that smart devices are useful to deliver valuable information and the quantitative assessment discovered that there is no significant difference between smart devices and smartphones delivering notifications. Finally, the applicability of the framework was evaluated and considered useful by software developers.

Mobile-based sensor notification application

According to National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistic in 2015, there were 4836 workers killed on construction sites due to illness and fatalities, 9% injuries were due to the exposure to the hazardous environment. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is one of the technologies used to access information from the environment and sent to the computer for analysis, thus reducing exposure to the hazardous environment. However, the state of danger is not yet known to the worker directly. Fortunately a mobile application can overcome this problem by receiving notification from the sensor device. In this paper, we propose a mobile application that can receive notification from the sensor device. We design our application to communicate to the sensor device that connected to the server. Our application can receive notification if there is an alteration from sensor data such as change of normal status to dangerous status or vice versa. Notification delivery was sent by using Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) to send notifications to Android. In the implementation, the application can receive notification of change of status sensor data equipped with sound when notification received.

A Distributed NFV-Enabled Edge Cloud Architecture for ICN-Based Disaster Management Services.

In disaster management services, the dynamic binding between roles and individuals for creating response teams across multiple organizations to act during a disaster recovery time period is an important task. Existing studies have shown that IP-based or traditional telephony solutions are not well-suited to deal with such group communication. Research has also shown the advantages of leveraging information centric networking (ICN) in providing essential communication in disaster management services. However, present studies use a centralized networking architecture for disaster management, in which disaster information is gathered and processed at a centralized management center before incident responses are made and warning messages are sent out. The centralized design can be inefficient in terms of scalability and communication. The reason is that when the network is very large (i.e., country level), the management for disaster services becomes very complicated, with a large number of organizations and offices. Disaster data are required to be transmitted over a long path before reaching the central management center. As a result, the transmission overhead and delay are high. Especially when the network is fragmented and network connectivity from a disaster-affected region to the central management center is disconnected, the service may be corrupted. In this paper, we designed and implemented a distributed edge cloud architecture based on ICN and network function virtualization (NFV) to address the above issues. In the proposed architecture, disaster management functions with predefined disaster templates were implemented at edge clouds closed to local regions to reduce the communication overhead and increase the service availability. The real implementation and performance evaluation showed that the proposed architecture achieves a significant improvement in terms of average bandwidth utilization, disaster notification delivery latency, routing convergence time, and successful request ratio compared to the existing approaches.

A Needs Assessment of People with Hearing Impairment for Hearing Augmentation Technology Development: Focusing on Risk Context Awareness Communication

본 연구의 목적은 청각장애인이 경험하는 위험상황과 청각 대체기술로 사용하는 보조기기 사용실태를 조사하여 청각증강 기술 개발의 적용점을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 청각장애 등급을 판정받은 청각장애인을 대상으로 설문조사하여 총 355명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 소리 및 진동을 인지한 경험이 없는 상황으로 교통수단, 사물, 자연 영역 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이 중 교통수단의 소리와 진동을 인지하지 못한 비율이 높아 일상생활에서 청각장애인이 경험하는 위험 가능성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 청각장애인이 경험한 위험상황은 교통사고, 보행사고, 가정에서의 일상생활 순으로 높게 조사되었다. 셋째, 위험상황 인식과 알림을 위한 보조기기로 2G폰/스마트폰, 진동디지털알람시계, 경광등, 진동손목시계의 인지도가 높았으며, 2G폰/스마트폰의 만족도가 가장 높았다. 넷째, 의사소통을 위한 보조기기로 보청기, 스마트폰, 영상전화기, 인공와우, 2G폰 순으로 인지도가 높았으며, 스마트폰을 사용하였을 경우 만족도와 의사소통 개선정도가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 마지막으로 청각증강 기술 개발을 위해 고려할 점으로 휴대/착용 편의성, 가격, 동작 정확도 순으로 선호하였으며, 알림 전달 방식은 시각(문자와 빛)을 활용한 알림방식을 선호하였다. 연구결과에 근거하여 위험상황에서 청각장애인의 청각증강 기술 개발을 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제시하였다.The purpose of this study is to find the application point of hearing augmentation technology development through examining the risk context experience of people with hearing impairment and the use of assistive device used as an alternative technology. Data of 355 people with hearing impairment with official disability grading was analyzed. The results of this study are first, research participants had no experience of recognizing any sound or vibration in situations highest in the order of means of transportation, material, and nature. Especially the ratio of being unable to recognize the sound and vibration of means of transportation was high, which implies the high possibility of people with hearing impairment experiencing risk. Secondly, the risk context that people with hearing impairment will most likely to experience are highest in the order of traffic accident, pedestrian accident, and daily life at home. Thirdly, the recognition of 2G phone/smart phone, vibrating digital alarm clock, light bar, vibrating wrist watch as assistive device for risk context awareness and notification was high and the satisfaction level of 2G phone/smart phone was the highest. Fourthly, the research participants had high recognition of assistive device for communication in the order of hearing aid, smart phone, videophone, cochlear implant and 2G phone and it was found that the satisfaction level and communication improvement level was the highest using the smart phone. Lastly, for the development of hearing augmentation technology the research participants recognized the importance of portable/wear convenience, price, and motion accuracy and for notification delivery means they preferred the method of using sight(text and light). Based on the results of this study policy and practical plans for hearing augmentation technology development for people with hearing impairment in risk context are proposed.

Death notification delivery and training methods

For a paramedic, delivering a death notification (DN) is one of the most difficult and stressful messages they will have to communicate in practice. Stress and anxiety in both recipients and paramedics have been documented through a limited literature base. The current review seeks to understand the existing educational tools and training around DN, and evaluates the applicability of these in the pre-hospital environment.

Real-world large-scale study on adaptive notification scheduling on smartphones

Human attention has bottlenecked today’s ubiquitous computing environment where users are consuming increasing amounts of information from numerous applications and services. Since the system-to-user provision of information is becoming more proactive, mainly via push notifications that often cause interruption at the users’ side, attention management is becoming very important. Despite the many existing studies concerned with detecting opportune moments to present such push information to the users (in a way that preserves the user’s attention and lowers their cognitive load and frustration), there is little evaluation of such systems in the real-world production environments. Overlooked areas of study also include the examination of real users and notification contents. In this paper, we present various results from the first extensive evaluation on user’s interruptibility and engagement in the real-world environment with a market-leading smartphone application that boasts a large number of users, including real notification content on the application. Following our previous mobile-sensing and machine learning-based interruptibility estimation approach, which was an effective study in its own right (Okoshi et al., 2015 [18,19]), we embedded a logic with the same approach in the “Yahoo! JAPAN” Android app (one of the most popular applications on the national market). The results from our large-scale in-the-wild user study (that included more than 680,000 users and spanned three weeks) indicate that, in most cases, delaying the notification delivery until an interruptible moment is detected is beneficial to users. The practice results in significant reduction of user response time (49.7%) when compared to delivering the notifications immediately. We observed a higher number of notifications opened in our system and constant improvement in user engagement levels throughout the entire study period. We also observed differences in click rates among different days and time among users with different attributes (e.g., age, gender, and occupation). Additional evaluation of our revised system, which can train and distribute different models for weekdays and weekends, improved the click rates during weekends. This negated the performance degradation previously observed during weekends.