Noticeable Problems Research Articles

Multi-organ kinetic modeling for Na[18F]F pre-clinical total-body PET studies.

Total-body positron emission tomography (PET), already well-established in the pre-clinical setting, makes it possible to study multi-parameters in biological systems as a whole, rather than focusing on single tissues analysis. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of multiple organs poses some daunting new challenges. To explore quantifying the pharmacokinetics of Na[18F]F in multiple dissimilar murine organs simultaneously in vivo with total-body PET imaging using different compartmental models for each organ and a shared cardiovascular system. Six mice underwent a 60-min total-body PET scan following intravenous bolus injection of Na[18F]F. Compartmental models were constructed for each organ (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and bone) using an image derived input function. Non-linear least squares fitting of a model that connects the five organs to a shared cardiovascular system was used to analyze both the first 3 min of data and the full hour. Analysis was repeated 5000 times using different initial parameter values for each duration, permitting analysis of correlations between parameters. The models give a good qualitative account of the activity curves irrespective of the duration of the data; however, the quality of the fits to 3 min of data (average is 2.72) was generally better. Comparison of perfusion values to literature values was possible for the liver and lungs with the former (liver, 0.540±0.177mL/ml/min) being well-above expectations and the latter (lungs, 0.184±0.413mL/ml/min) in rough agreement. Correlations between microparameter values (especially affecting k2) caused very noticeable problems for data modeling from both the kidneys and the femur. The present study demonstrates an approach to performing kinetic modeling for multiple organs simultaneously with Na[18F]F. The observed correlations between microparameter values remain a challenge. Nonetheless, many microparameters can be estimated reliably with a quantitative analysis of perfusion being possible for some organs.

Case Series of First Microinvasive Fully Endoscopic Use of a New Mitral Prosthesis.

The use of bioprostheses is increasing in younger patients, but it is associated with the risk of later valve deterioration, especially in the mitral position. A new bioprosthesis for mitral valve replacement offers possible longer-term durability and improved hemodynamics. Objectives: Here, we report the implantation of the novel Edwards MITRIS RESILIA mitral valve (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) through microinvasive fully endoscopic access as an innovative surgical approach based on a series of twelve patients. Methods: Contrast-based ECG gated CT was preoperatively performed in all patients to determine the intravascular calcifications and vascular parameters, as well as to assess noticeable problems during the operation. CT software for cardiac interventions (3Mensio Medical Imaging BV) was used to simulate surgical prostheses digitally inside the native annulus. With this, a digital LVOT and neo LVOT was created, and the difference between the valve prostheses was measured. Implantation of the MITRIS RESILIA valve was performed in 12 patients according to the instructions for use through microinvasive access in a fully endoscopic fashion using 3D visualization. Results: The mean patient age was 56.50 years, and 7/12 (58.33%) were redo procedures. All patients survived the first 30 days after the procedure, the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 40.17 ± 13.72 min. and mean postoperative transvalvular gradient was 4.45 ± 1.74 mmHg. The neo LVOT in the CT-based simulation was measured with an average area of 414.98 ± 88.69 mm2. The average difference between the LVOT and neo LVOT area was 65.35 ± 34.99 mm2. There was no case of paravalvular leakage or obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Conclusions: The novel MITRIS RESILIA valve is a promising new bioprosthesis for mitral valve replacement that offers improved features as compared to other prostheses. The ease of implantation is increased by this prosthesis by the improved pliability of the sewing cuff and the inward folding of the struts, which was confirmed by short operative times in our series.

Sustainable Livestock Production: Screening Analysis and Pilot Implementation of a Biofilm in Piggery Biofilters for Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions

One of the most noticeable problems associated with the close location of piggeries is gaseous compounds emission. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions affect the quality of life of people living in the vicinity of such facilities. Among the diverse methods for managing and controlling malodorous substances, biological methods, which involve the utilization of microbiological agents, are widely employed. The use of bacterial strains is a relatively simple, low-cost, and ecological method. The study aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the implementation of a novel consortium of deodorizing bacteria. The study involved the selection of bacteria, assessment of the antagonistic properties, implementation of the inoculum in a mesh-filled biofilter, and analysis of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and fine dust content in the air before and after passing through the mature biological bed. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the biofiltration bed in reducing ammonia levels, with a maximum decrease observed at 73.90%. For hydrogen sulfide, a removal efficiency of >72.08% was observed. Reduction in fine dust pollution also decreased from a level of 3.75 mg/m3 to 1.06 mg/m3. The study’s findings demonstrate the promising potential of utilizing a consortium of deodorizing bacteria as an effective approach to mitigating emissions from piggeries.

Application of Harmony SE in civil aircraft design

With the refinement of civil aircraft technology and the enhancement of product complexity, civil aircraft design has changed from traditional text-based system engineering to model-based system engineering, the expression of the system has also transformed from text-centered to model-centered. To further improve the model quality and correctness of aircraft system modeling, this paper explores the applicability of model-driven and verification-oriented system engineering methods in the field of civil aircraft design, and establishes the system engineering practice framework of civil aircraft design, which can ensure the rapid design and efficient delivery of civil aircraft. Firstly, starting from the Harmony SE modeling method, the workflow and modeling ideas of system are introduced; then the noticeable problems in the practice of civil aircraft system engineering are analyzed, and the system engineering practice of civil aircraft design is established with the support of the applicability of the Harmony SE method; finally, the fuel tank pressurization component is taken as the research object of the practice system in component-level. The results show that the system engineering practice framework of civil aircraft design and method proposed in this paper can correctly and reasonably allocate design requirements and establish a complete system model, which is helpful to improve the efficiency and accuracy of civil aircraft design at this stage.

Dysphagia in Indivuduals with Huntington's Disease: A Narrative Review

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative autosomal dominant condition characterized by motor, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms. Aspiration pneumonia stands out as a leading cause of death in HD, primarily attributed to dysphagia, which gets more noticeable as the disease progresses. Dysphagia symptoms in individuals with HD are compounded by noticeable movement problems, including Chorean or rigid-bradykinetic patterns. These symptoms manifest in every phase of swallowing and fluctuate with the progression of HD. Lingual chorea, delayed swallowing initiation, and impaired swallowing-respiratory coordination are key indicators of dysphagia in HD individuals. The negative impact on eating behaviors is further exacerbated by concurrent cognitive and sensory deficits. Consequently, dysphagia leads to social isolation, restrictions on activities and involvement, and a diminished quality of life for individuals with HD. To minimize these adverse effects, a referral to a speech-language therapist (SLT) for swallowing assessment should be initiated immediately upon the diagnosis of HD by a neurologist. Starting from the earliest stages of the disease, both clinical and instrumental swallowing assessments should be employed to minimize the detrimental consequences of dysphagia. Depending on the assessment results, compensatory and/or rehabilitative (restitutive) strategies can be recommended for treatment. Furthermore, the SLT actively collaborates with other team members, including individuals with HD, caregivers, neurologists, otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, and others, contributing collectively to the decision-making process regarding both oral and non-oral feeding considerations. Despite negative impact of dysphagia on individuals with HD and its significant role in individuals’ deterioration, the evidence for specific dysphagia interventions remains limited. Clinicians, therefore, rely on well-established general swallowing therapy practices. There is a pressing need for evidence-based research on dysphagia in HD. In this study, the literature on dysphagia in HD will be examined, with a focus on its pathophysiology and the role of SLT in diagnostic and intervention techniques.

A Correlational Study to assess Internet addiction and its relation with Psychosocial problems among college students

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and psychosocial issues among college students in selected colleges. To assess this correlation, the researchers employed two rating scales, one for measuring the level of internet addiction and another for assessing the level of psychosocial well-being. These tools were validated by experts in the fields of nursing and psychiatry, with a high reliability score of r=0.9, determined using suitable formulas. The research began with a pilot study involving 10 participants, and the collected data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, which were then interpreted based on the study's objectives and hypotheses. The majority of the sample (61.43%) fell within the age group of 21-22 years, while the remaining participants were distributed as follows: 17.14% in the 18-20 age group and 21.43% above 22 years of age. In terms of internet addiction, 60% of the participants exhibited "mild internet addiction," with 25.71% classified as having "moderate internet addiction," and the remaining 14.29% showing "no internet addiction”. Regarding psychosocial problems, 51.43% of the samples had "mild psychosocial problems," while 42.86% displayed "no noticeable psychosocial problems," and the remaining 5.71% exhibited "moderate psychosocial problems.". **Name of colleges not mentioned as a part of maintaining privacy.

Microbial desalination cell treated spent geothermal brine as a nutrient medium in hydroponic lettuce cultivation: Health risk assessment

The scarcity and contamination of freshwater resources are extremely critical issues today, and the expansion of water reuse has been considered as an option to decrease its impact. Therefore, the reuse of microbial desalination (MDC)-treated spent geothermal brine for agricultural purposes arises as a good solution to prevent water contamination and provide sustainable water usage. In this study, the potential of treated spent geothermal water from MDC system as a nutrient solution for the hydroponic cultivation of lettuce was evaluated. The effects of different water samples (Hoagland solution (R1) as a control, MDC-treated water (R2), 1:1, v/v mixture of MDC-treated water and Hoagland solution (R3), 4:1, v/v mixture of MDC-treated water and Hoagland solution (R4), and tap water (R5)) on lettuce growth were considered. The application of R3 and R4 samples for hydroponic lettuce cultivation was promising since the lettuce plants uptake sufficient nutrients for their growth and productivity with low toxic metal concentrations. In addition, the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotene contents of lettuce were in the range of 1.045–2.391 mg/g, 0.761–1.986 mg/g, and 0.296–0.423 mg/g in different water samples, respectively. The content of chlorophyll-a was highest in R1 (2.391 mg/g), followed by R3 (2.371 mg/g). Furthermore, the health risk assessment of heavy metal accumulations in the lettuce plants cultivated in the various water samples was determined. Results showed that heavy metal exposure via lettuce consumption is unlikely to suffer noticeable adverse health problems with values below the permissible limit value.

Links between Sleep Apnoea and Insomnia in a British Cohort.

Poor sleep is a major public health problem with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes. Insomnia and sleep apnoea are the two most common causes of poor sleep, and recent studies have shown that these disorders frequently co-occur. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea can substantially impair quality of life and increase the overall risk of mortality. However, the causal and physiological links between sleep apnoea and insomnia are unclear. It is also unknown whether having a higher risk for one condition can increase the risk of developing the other. Here, we investigated links between sleep apnoea and insomnia in a British population using a combination of self-reported questionnaires and causal inference. We found that 54.3% of the cohort had moderate insomnia, 9.4% had moderate sleep apnoea, and that 6.2% scored high for both conditions. Importantly, having a higher risk of sleep apnoea was associated with a higher risk of insomnia and vice versa. To determine the causal directionality between sleep apnoea and insomnia, we used Mendelian randomisation and found evidence that sleep apnoea could cause insomnia, but not the reverse. To elucidate how both sleep apnoea and insomnia were linked to each other, we looked at the behavioural markers of poor sleep. We found that feeling fatigued after sleeping and having noticeable sleep problems were linked to a higher burden of both sleep apnoea and insomnia. In conclusion, our results show that sleep apnoea increases the risk of developing insomnia, and both conditions can result in fatigue. We highlight the importance of considering and treating the symptoms of both conditions.

Examining the level of employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers (Case study: Baghershahr Municipality)

Objective: By referring to different organizations and taking a deep and expert look at the communication process in these organizations, this issue becomes apparent to every observer. One of the important and always noticeable problems in organizations that employees complain about is the lack of communication skills among their managers. One of the most important and key issues that has caught the attention of the body and the foundation of the organizational society in this period is the organizational commitment of the employees of an organization. This issue can have many factors and dimensions. The present study was conducted to investigate employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers of Baqershahr Municipality. Method: The statistical population of the research was all the employees of Baghershahr municipality, and Cochran's sample size formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, considering the error level of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 242 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. One-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple correlation and simultaneous multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results extracted from the above research emphasize the strong effect of job satisfaction on the commitment of the organization's employees. The managers of all levels of this municipality can know them better and more accurately and completely with the nobles and sufficient and accurate knowledge of the individual differences among their employees. As a result, taking actions that are most compatible with the heart desires of the employees increases their desire and motivation, satisfaction, and commitment in the direction of development and moving intelligently in the direction of the organization's goals. The level of satisfaction regarding the investigated components of job satisfaction is average, managers are high, and for the components related to welfare, it is below 40%. Conclusion: The results show that municipal employees have low and very low satisfaction with the amenities in the municipality.

Online robustness damage identification of dynamic response of high pile wharf under wave excitation

Damage identification based on dynamic response is an important nondestructive test method for pile foundation in high-pile wharf. Wave is a common excitation form of high-pile wharf. It is of great significance to use dynamic response under wave excitation to realize early and online damage identification. However, there are two noticeable problems in dynamic response under wave excitation: multi-type aliasing effect and narrowband effect, which leads to inaccuracy and instability in damage identification. Aiming at solving the aliasing effect, this paper constructs a new method to extract characteristic dynamic response under wave excitation based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and spectral characteristic analytical methods. The reliability and robustness of damage identification are improved by removing ineffective components of dynamic response. Further, considering the narrow-band effect and the weakness of the response, a novel online damage identification method based on the weighted non-parametric cumulative sum (WCUSUM) was constructed. The method uses the accumulation of model residuals to sensitively capture the changes of key components in dynamic response in order to realize early damage identification. The applicability and sensitivity of the method was verified by experimental model in wave flume under different damage conditions. The method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for the online damage identification of pile foundation based on wave excitation, and a new tool for the online damage identification of offshore marine structures during service.

A framework for identifying priority areas through integrated eco-environmental risk assessment for a holistic watershed management approach

Identifying priority management areas (PMAs) through assessing integrated eco-environmental risk (IER) of watersheds is vital for efficient integrated watershed management (IWM). However, there is a lack of effective tools to support IWM. A novel framework, which couples the analytical network process with the mean-square deviation decision method to quantify reciprocal feedbacks between ecosystems and socio-economic systems for assessing IER, was developed to identify PMAs for IWM through a case study in the upper Beiyun River watershed, China. The results show that water pollution, water resources, soil loss, hazards (i.e., floods, debris flows, collapses, and landslides), and vegetation degradation are noticeable environmental problems in the watershed. Water pollution, floods, and vegetation degradation risks are high in the southeast plain areas and low in the northwest mountainous areas of the watershed, while the other eco-environmental risks are opposite that of the three risks. The soil loss is mainly dominated by negligible class with a mean of 10.87 (t·km−2·yr−1). The weights of water pollution risk and socio-economic indicator for IER are 0.2906 and 0.1837, respectively. It indicates that water pollution control is crucial for IWM, and socio-economic systems have a significant impact on IER. The PMAs, which are identified as zones with extremely high IER values, account for 6.46 % (72.91 km2) of the watershed. They are centrally distributed in the southeastern areas with high risks of both water pollution and vegetation degradation caused by large population density. The framework provides an effective tool to assess IER and identify PMAs for IWM.

The Integration between Building Information Modelling and Scrumban. Case Study: FD3 Commercial Building in Damascus

Construction Project Management is one of the most significant processes that require meticulous organization and coordination to ensure the successful project implementation, meeting various criteria. Currently, the need for using modern technologies and methodologies became of utter necessity, in particular with the sophisticated advancements in technology and the emergence of the contemporary project management methodologies. This should be done to achieve the best results when implementing such projects Existing literature underscores the importance of Agile project management in projects. This is due to its effectiveness in achieving the project deliverables. Agile project management proved to reduce rework and provide assistance in dealing with possible changes that might have an influence on the project progress in the future. This is particularly evident in the current situation in Syria, where a company would take responsibility of the rework costs due to various unexpected uncertainties or risks, resulting in stopping the work on ongoing projects. Rework is considered of the most noticeable problems in the construction industry in Syria, and as a result, the industry is losing efficiency and effectiveness. All such hardships urged the need for more sophisticated methodologies and technologies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), where BIM proved to be time-, quality-, and cost-effective. This study sheds the light on the application of the Scrumban methodology, the most recent Agile project management methodology, and its integration with the BIM environment in the execution phase in construction projects. This research was based on the experimental research methodology, in addition to exploring the existing literature to provide final results supported by previous experience and the application section to reach optimal recommendations to apply Scrumban in BIM-Based construction projects in Syria in the light of the current practices.

Research on Waste Recycling Network Planning Based on the “Pipeline–Vehicle” Recycling Mode

To achieve the principles of reduction, resource, and harmless disposal of domestic waste, the circular economy prolongs the life cycle of resources by converting waste into renewable resources through sorting, recycling, and other ways. There are still noticeable problems in domestic waste recycling in China, such as poor waste classification and low recovery rate of resource-based waste with no or low economic value. In this paper, Van Waden’s seven-dimensional classification model of policy networks is adopted to analyze and compare domestic waste recycling (DWR) management modes at home and abroad. The domestic waste recycling mode of “pipeline collection and vehicle transfer” based on China’s national conditions is proposed. Then, the planning model of the domestic waste recycling network is further built. Taking Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City as an example, the pipeline laying design and route planning of the pneumatic transportation and collection system for material in the new recycling mode are optimized. The examples verify the superiority of the greedy dropping heuristic algorithm in solving large-scale recycling network planning problems. This paper is of great significance to improve the recycling of renewable resources in domestic waste and realize the circular economy.

Research on Development Strategy of Henan Aviation Economy under the Background of Regional Economy

There is no doubt that economic globalization creates a golden opportunity for the development of aviation economy in the world; meanwhile, the world economy has entered the aviation century of the 21st century from the navigation century of the 20th century. As a new type of regional economy, the aviation economy is attracting more and more attention from all sectors of society and becoming a significant field for many countries and regions in the world. As the city that has been strategically promoted as the first pilot zone for airport economy development in China (Liang, 2013), Zhengzhou is endowed with remarkable geographic advantage. Coupled with policy advantages from Chinese government, its development is crucial to the development of regional economy in the entire province; therefore, this research paper studied its advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats for developing aviation economy and analyzed its possibility for developing a well-established aviation industry. Secondly, the current condition of airport logistics in Henan province was analyzed, especially the current situation and noticeable problems. Thirdly, the gray analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between aviation industry and economy development in Henan. Finally, the according development strategy and suggestions for developing aviation economy were put forward, such as innovating industrial development models, exploring new modes of financing, establishing a sound transportation system and airport supporting facilities, and improving the talent introduction program in airport industry. Overall, this paper researched the aviation economy in Henan province from the perspective of regional economy development, analyzed the current issues occurred in the aviation economy development process, and offered suggestions accordingly.

Remote Teaching and Learning in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

This article aims to provide a clear lens of the new trend in the academe in terms of teaching and learning in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. It also highlights the pedagogical approaches used in the conduct of online classes, challenges, and opportunities in teaching and learning. Through literature-based methodology, the authors as academicians, described, summarized and analysed data using the four-step approach by UNESCO (2020). Findings showed that the most common strategy that had been designed and utilized to mirror the classroom environment was the synchronous and the asynchronous online teaching and learning approach. The implementation of online teaching and learning modality was embraced by both teachers and students despite being unprepared to the abrupt change. Educational institutions had sustained the delivery of education for the past school year despite noticeable risks, problems and challenges. The continuous improvement is still underway and educational administrators are looking at possible means to fill the identified gaps. The abrupt change in the teaching and learning has given an opportunity for teachers to teach innovatively and students learn independently. Providing a full report on the status of teaching and learning during the pandemic gives a full overview of the actual academe scenario as an effect of the pandemic. Challenges and opportunities identified provide the real scenario of online teaching.

A Novel Variable Pseudonym Scheme for Preserving Privacy User Location in 5G Networks

Due to the development in 5G mobile communications, user privacy becomes the main challenge, especially with the multiplicity of services and applications that can be accessed. Location privacy is related to the user privacy in terms of the possibility of tracking and unwanted advertisements, as well as the possibility of exposure to suspicious activities and terrorist attacks based on the user location. Accordingly, previous mobile systems use pseudonyms instead of a permanent identity to preserving the user’s location privacy in mobile networks, by what is known as the Cellular Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (C-RNTIs). The C-RNTI protects the user privacy relatively, but it faces some problems due to the clear text of the user in CRNI exchange, which will make the user easily trackable by man-in-the-middle attack. This article aims at proposing a new algorithm that improves the user’s location privacy and enhances the capabilities of the 5G infrastructure in terms of confidentiality and privacy. The idea is based on the use of a novel variable pseudonym (V-RNTI) algorithm that acts as a radio channel identifier for the user, which improves the allocation of pseudonyms to identify users. The proposed algorithm uses different V-RNTI values by the UE and can be changed frequently to improve the pseudonym allocation procedure. This approach can be implemented in 3GPP standard architecture by upgrading UEs and eNB by minor modifications. During this study, the proposed 5G V-RNTI authentication protocol model was built. And then, the automated analysis of the protocol model is performed by using ProVerif Model Checker. The results showed that the model works well without any noticeable problems.

Необходимость смены приоритетов денежно-кредитной политики

The sanctions standoff, the growing global crisis, and the pandemic have exacerbated the issues of stimulating economic growth and investment activity. This study is based on data from the IMF, Rosstat, the Bank of Russia, and the Rand Corporation. This study is based on the publications of a number of foreign and Russian scientists. It analyzes the dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets, GDP, money supply (monetary aggregate M2), the rate of inflation, and the key interest rate. In the course of the analysis, the dynamics of GDP growth, money supply, and the monetization coefficient of the leading economies, including Russia, were analyzed. In the course of the study, the regularities, features and limits of monetization were established. The results of the study can be used to further substantiate the necessity and expediency of the monetary policy vector, as well as to develop tools for channeling the money supply. The study revealed that the sanctions regime is formed by noticeable problems with attracting foreign investment. The latter leads to a decline in investment activity and stagnation in the economy. In this situation, it is necessary to change the priorities of monetary policy.

In silico prediction of amino acids involved in cCPE290-319 interaction with claudin 4.

Among the 26 human claudin proteins, the food-poisoning bacterium Clostridium perfringens produces an enterotoxin (~ 35.00 kDa) that specifically targets human claudin 4, causing diarrhea by fluid accumulation in the intestinal cavity. The Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) C-terminal domain (cCPE ~ 15.00 kDa) tightly binds to claudin 4 and disrupts the tight junction barriers in the intestines. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution and type of amino acid interactions involved in association between claudin 4 and the C-terminal CPE. First, the three-dimensional format of claudin 4 was downloaded from RCSB. Then, during 60.00 nanoseconds (nsec), molecular dynamics simulation was conducted using the GROMACS package on CPE of crystallographic structure. The results indicated that the simulations performed well during the simulation times and there were no noticeable problems or artifacts. We found that Coulombic (glycine 317, proline 311 and serine 313) and Lennard-Jones (tyrosine 310, leucine 315, serine 313 and glycine 317) interactions played a significant role in complex stability. This information localized the C-terminal of CPE as a linear sequence sufficient for recognition and binding to the eukaryotic CPE receptor. A detailed description of the dissociation process brings valuable insight into the interaction of the claudin 4-cCPE290-319 complexes, which could help in the future to design more potent drugs.

Singe Image Dehazing With Unsharp Masking and Color Gamut Expansion

Image dehazing is a fundamental problem in computer vision and has hitherto engendered prodigious amounts of studies. Recently, with the well-recognized success of deep learning techniques, this field has been dominated by deep dehazing models. However, deep learning is not always a panacea, especially for the practicalities of image dehazing, because high computational complexity, expensive maintenance costs, and high carbon emission are three noticeable problems. Computational efficiency is, therefore, a decisive factor in real-world circumstances. To cope with this growing demand, we propose a linear time algorithm tailored to three primitive parts: unsharp masking (pre-processing), dehazing, and color gamut expansion (post-processing). The first enhances the sharpness according to the local variance of image intensities. The second removes haze based on the improved color attenuation prior, and the third addresses a residual effect of color gamut reduction. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method performed comparatively with popular benchmarks, notably deep dehazing models. With such a comparative performance, the proposed method is still fast and efficient, favoring real-world computer vision systems.

EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING WRITING

Being one of the basic skills of any language, writing skill is considered to be an essential skill to be acquired. But some educators claim that, in spite of being an important skill, writing is supposed to be rather difficult and boring subject among language learners who are learning foreign languages as their target language. The purpose of this article is to outline some drawbacks that causes some difficulties in teaching writing skills to the students. The paper further investigates the effectiveness of using a number of strategies and techniques in this process.Moreover, the article is aimed at whether students who are informed all the stages of writing techniques can produce better written texts in terms of organization, development, accuracy, coherence, structure, as well as an adequate vocabulary. And the subjects of the article are some noticeable problems of students with writing skills, attitudes and perceptions of students towards it and a suitable content of successful writing and its elements.