Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition Research Articles

Bathyphellia margaritacea (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): the most northern species of the world

The sea anemone Bathyphellia margaritacea (Danielssen in Actinida. The Norwegian North-Atlantic expedition 1876–1878, Groendahl, Oslo, 1890) was collected by the research submersible MIR at the North Pole at a depth of 4,262 m and by the North Pole Drifting Station NP-22 in the American sector of Arctic Ocean covered by permanent ice. These widely separated records significantly increase the known geographic range of the species. B. margaritacea is highly plastic and has an ability to occupy different types of substrates. It appears to be the only species of sea anemone that is able to range in the high Arctic up to the North Pole and the only reliably identified species known from this part of the world.

Revision of the Rissoidae from the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition 1876–78

Abstract The present paper contains a revision of the species of Rissoidae which were collected by the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition 1876–78. One new species, Alvania pseudosyngenes, is described. Types are selected of the species described by Friele. Further information, most often based on unpublished material in Scandinavian museums, on the variation, distribution, and taxonomy of these species, is given. The determination of some specimens is corrected.

Prof. Johan Hjort, For.Mem.R.S

THE scientific Work of Prof. Johan Hjort, who died on October 7, shows three overlapping phases. As a young man, after his university training at Oslo and Munich, he spent some time at the Zoological Station in Naples (where he met MacBride and Boveri) investigating a problem of pure zoology, the development of the bud in the ascidian Botryllus, with special reference to the germ-layer theory, then in full vogue. His paper, published in 1896 (Zool. Res. Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition), is still regarded as outstanding by modern experts on the group. Until 1900 he was lecturer in zoology at the University of Oslo and seemed headed for an academic career. But even in this first phase his interests turned to the sea and its practical problems, for it was in 1897 that he made his first discoveries about the Norwegian prawn and its commercial possibilities.

The Marine Foods of Birds in an Inland Fjord Region in West Spitsbergen: Part 1. Plankton and in Shore Benthos

As a result of previous Oxford University Expeditions to Spitsbergen ecological accounts of the terrestrial plants and animals have been published (1). In the summer of 1933 the Oxford University Arctic Expedition established a Base Camp at the head of Klaas Billen Bay in Icefjord, West Spitsbergen and observations on the marine fauna were carried out from a small whale boat equipped with an outboard engine. Bruce City was used as a base (see Map 1). Since copious marine faunal lists for Spitsbergen waters have already been published as a result of the work of such large Expeditions as the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition of 1876-78, the Russian Ermak Expedition of 1901, De Geer's Swedish Expedition of 1908, and the numerous Expeditions sent out from Norway in the Torvik and Amauer Hansen, no attempt was made to augment these lists in the time and with the equipment at our disposal. The main object of this paper is to give some account of the distribution and relative abundance of the marine animals in the surface plankton and shallow coastal region around Bruce City and note the chief species used as food by the large and essentially migrant bird population. My colleagues, C. H. Hartley and J. Fisher, will deal in detail with the feeding of the birds in Part 2.

Kodioides borleyi, n.sp

In his Report on the Actiniaria of the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, D. C. Danielssen erected the genus Kodioides to receive the remarkable form which he named K. pedunculata, a single specimen of which was dredged at Station 35, July 5th, 1876, in 1050 fathoms, Lat. 63° 17′ N., Long. 1° 27′ W., the bottom being Biloculina Clay. The detailed description will be found in the section “Actinida,” Vol. V, pp. 77–82, PI. VI, Tigs. 3–4; XXII, 8–11; and XXIII, 1–4. The genus is there characterized as follows: “The body encrusted, piriform, with a long bare stem terminating in a pedal disc. Two series, containing a few retractile tentacles. 12 pairs of septa, of which 6 pairs perfect. Suckers on the encrusted portion of the body. No gullet-groove. Mesodermal, annular muscles. Acontia.”

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition

The Norwegian north Atlantic expedition

The Norwegian north Atlantic expedition

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition—Crustacea

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition—Crustacea

Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-8.Herman Friele

<i>Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-8.</i>Herman Friele

Echinoderms of the Norwegian North-Atlantic expedition

<i>Echinoderms of the Norwegian North-Atlantic expedition</i>

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876–1878

PART III. of the account of the animals obtained during the above expedition is by the well-known naturalists, D. C. Danielssen and J. Koren, and treats of the group of the Gephyrea. It is illustrated by six plates and one map. Of the ten genera and the sixteen species collected during the expedition four of the genera and seven of the species prove to have been undescribed, and a new family is formed for the remarkable new genus Epithetosoma. This genus differs in many respects from any known genus of the Gephyrea; most notably so by reason of the fissured opening through which the sea water gains access to the perivisceral cavity. The analogue of this respiratory fissure is probably not to be found in the class, but the general organisation of this new form is still truly Gephyrean. Unfortunately but two examples of this interesting form were dredged up, and even these were not well preserved. They were found in sandy clay at a depth of 870 fathoms, in the cold area. In concluding the memoir the authors remark that the two groups into which the class Gephyrea is subdivided, viz. G. inermia and G. armata, can bardly be regarded as satisfactory. Of several new forms which they describe, and which by reason of their anatomical structure they refer to the second subdivision, none are furnished with the armature on which that subdivision is based. Had therefore the systematic classification been rigorously applied, these would have been referred to the first subdivision, one with which they have but little in common, compared to the striking resemblance they bear to those forms comprised in the other. A list of all the species met with and their principal synonyms are appended.

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition

The Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition