Northwestern Region Of Nigeria Research Articles

Advanced Journal of STEM Education

Perception of University Lecturers on the Effectiveness of Remote Learning Technique for Teaching Educational Courses during Covid 19 Pandemic in the North Western Region of Nigeria.

Challenges and Opportunities in Addressing Armed Banditry in Nigeria’s Northwest: Insights from the Field

In recent years, the escalation of armed banditry in the northwestern region of Nigeria has reached alarming proportions, leading to significant loss of life and extensive property damage amounting to billions of Naira. While numerous studies have delved into the causes and repercussions of this crisis, there remains a notable gap in addressing the challenges and opportunities inherent in combating this menace. This paper diverges from existing research by conducting an analytical examination of the obstacles and prospects involved in mitigating the issue. Drawing upon fieldwork conducted in Katsina and Zamfara states, it sheds light on grassroots perspectives, emphasizing the crucial role of local communities in the broader efforts to counter armed banditry in northwestern Nigeria. The study underscores the necessity of integrating affected populations into comprehensive strategies aimed at curbing the menace. Ultimately, it advocates for urgent and coordinated action by both national and state governments to address the underlying causes of the crisis.

Perception of University Lecturers on the Effectiveness of Remote Learning Technique for Teaching Educational Courses during Covid 19 Pandemic in the North Western Region of Nigeria.

Abstract
 This Study investigated Perception of University Lecturers on the Effectiveness of Remote Learning Technique for Teaching Educational Courses during Covid 19 pandemic in the North western Region of Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions and two null hypotheses. Descriptive survey research design was employed in the study. The population of the study were 977 lecturers. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. From the population of 977, samples of 349 lecturers were selected for the study. The instrument used for data collection was adapted. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and chi-square of inferential statistics was for testing Research hypotheses. The major findings of the study revealed that, lecturers were aware of Remote learning model but they were not utilising Remote learning model in teaching their courses during covid-19 pandemic. Similarly, majority of the lecturers’ encountered different challenges in utilising Remote learning model for teaching where by lack of constant electricity supply is one of the major challenges. Moreover, the findings showed that, there is no significance difference between lecturers’ awareness and unawareness of remote learning.

BANDITRY AND ITS IMPLICATION ON POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF NIGERIA

The paper examined the implication of insecurity on political representation in the North-western region of Nigeria. Insecurity which has manifested in the form of banditry is caused by many factors central among which is the lopsided economic organisation of the country, the peasant’s communities in terms of providing them with necessities of life, such as; access to education, health facilities, meaningful and gainful employment, and adequate political representation. This becomes alarming and a threat to political stability that serves as an implication for political representation. During this study, data was sourced from two major sources: the Secondary and the Primary Sources. The Secondary sources were from existing literature on insecurity and political representation while the interview method and Questionnaire were adopted as the main primary source of data. The questionnaires distributed were 360 of which 345 copies were retrieved, and 21 respondents were used for the interviews conducted, three from each state with a total number of 366 respondents across the two methods adopted, to generate data from the selected key informants across the region. In addition, descriptive analysis method was adopted to present and analyze data based on study's objectives. Within the theoretical framework of conflict, the study finds out that insecurity has affected the political representation of the region as a result there is wide gap between the elected representatives and the general public, in some areas the voters were disenfranchised as a result of security threats to the voters and less presence of security personnel in the conflict areas which allowed the bandits to attack various communities at will. Based on the findings, the study suggests that the security architecture of the country should be redesigned to integrate the traditional security forces, adequate security presence in the rural areas, adopt an approach to tackling insecurity, synergy amongst the security agencies, and quick intervention from Governments.

Psychometric Properties of Patients' Health Questionnaire Assessed on Obstetric Fistula Patients in Northwestern, Nigeria

Nigeria is among the highest contributor to global prevalence of obstetrics fistula (OF) and weak health care policies and services have left the victims reeling in untold psycho-social and physical morbidities. This study was aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of a globally used Patients’ Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among these patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to study the fertility desires, mental health and patients’ quality of life among women with obstetric fistula in three selected OF centers in Northwestern region of Nigeria. Using two-stage sampling technique four hundred twenty (420) OF patients were recruited into the study. Maximum likelihood (ML) factor analysis was deployed to produce latent factors from the responses to the PHQ-9 scale, internal reliability and construct validity were determined by Cronbach alpha values while comparative mean analysis was used to validate standardized scores of the derived PHQ-9 scale factors against socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Mean age and standard deviation of respondents were 26.4±8.4 years as 60% aged between 20-25 years. The married, divorced and those in polygamous were 45%, 47.1% and 73.6% respectively. More than half (55.5%) were traders while majority (89.8%) earned NGN4500 or less monthly. Three factors of somatic (r= 0.72-0.82; α=0.86), non-somatic (r= 0.64-0.76; α=0.77) and affective (r= 0.64-0.96; α=0.74) constructs emerged from the ML factor analysis. Patients of ages 20-25 years, divorced/single and widows, the formally educated and farmers significantly differed with high scores of the affective construct of the PHQ-9 scale. Those who had more than four pregnancies and greater than a single stillbirth significantly differed with affective symptoms (0.29±0.90; 0.69±0.9 The 15–17-year-olds at first birth and those who waited more than ten years for OF surgical repairs differed with non-somatic symptoms’ construct of the PHQ-9 scale (0.21±1.04; 0.31±0.87) significantly differed with affective factors. The PHQ-9 instrument exhibited possibility of being used to assess the quality of OF patients’ mental health. Future studies could expand the sample size to accommodate advanced inferential psychometric methods.

Natural radionuclide distribution and analysis of associated radiological concerns in rock samples from a rocky town (Dutsin-Ma) in the North-Western region of Nigeria

Natural radionuclides in rock samples, especially 226Ra (Radon), 232Th (thorium), and 40K (potassium), are the primary source of exposure to radiation for employees and the public, and their detection is critical for radiation safety. The gamma (γ) radiation from natural radionuclides was quantified using the γ-ray spectrometry method in twenty rock samples obtained from Dutsin-Ma, a rocky town in Nigeria's north-western region. The data obtained were used to estimate the radiological parameters and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The results obtained show that the minimum activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra are respectively 36.7 Bq/kg, 25.99 Bq/kg, and 11.59 Bq/kg, with their maximum values being 73.23 Bq/kg, 92.81 Bq/kg and 100.93 Bq/kg respectively. The average activity of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra in the rock samples were found to be 73.5781±3.38 Bq/kg, 40.7848±3.32 Bq/kg, and 33.6616±3.58 Bq/kg respectively, which were all below the World average values of (33, 45 and 420) Bq/kg respectively. The ELCR was found to be 0.185±0.01, while the average absorbed dose rate, as well as the mean annual effective dose rate, were calculated to be 43.13±2.7 nGy/h and 0.015±0.003 mSv/y respectively. The outcomes for internal hazard, external hazard, annual absorbed and effective dose equivalent (ABEDE), alpha and gamma index values were below the maximum values allowed limits of 1 mSv/y for ABEDE and 1 for representative alpha & gamma index values, internal and external hazards as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). This study shows that the radiation contamination of rock particles in Dutsin-Ma LGA does not pose much significant risk.

Species Diversity and Relative Abundance of Birds of Prey in North Western Region of Nigeria

The study aimed to determine the abundance of birds of prey in in North Western Region of Nigeria, carried out between September, 2022 and January 2023, with a view to providing information in a bid to establish a baseline for conservation for this group of birds. Road transect line method was used to collect data on bird diversity, abundance and distribution and each site was surveyed twice every month during the study period. Bird observation was carried out twice daily; morning between 6:00 to 10:00 a.m. and evening between 4:00 to 6:30p.m. The species relative abundance index was used to find the relative abundance in the region, whereas Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H′) was used to determine species diversity. A total of thirty two (32) species of 3 families were recorded including species of global conservation concern during this study, indicating that the North western region of Nigeria is an important breeding, roosting, and feeding habitat for several raptor species. The findings from this study provide evidence that the areas can serve as a refuge for birds. Therefore, conservation efforts should as well be directed towards making communities view human occupied areas as a habitat for birds, and not as a lost habitat.

Twists and Turns of Peritonsillar Abscess

Objectıve: The presence of untreated pus within the peritonsillar space can herald the occurrence of various clinical scenarios that could be difficult to describe. In this article we discuss the “TWISTS AND TURNS OF PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS” we have met in the Northwestern region of Nigeria that have not yet been reported in the literature and to compare the means of symptom duration at presentation among study groups. Materıal and Methods: It is a retrospective study. A total number of 25 patients formed the study population (N) and were classified into three: Group 1 included patients who presented early with peritonsillar Abscess and had expected clinical course following treatment. Group 2 included patients who presented late and thus had one twist or the other from the usual presentation. Group 3 included patients who died. Results: The mean age = 24 ± 11 years. Sore throat, dysphagia and fever were the most common symptoms. Asymmetrically enlarged tonsil was the most common oropharyngeal finding with occasionally occurring twists and turns such as gangrenous tonsil, auto-tonsillectomy, and severely bleeding tonsil. Conclusıon: Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) constitutes a relentless infection that needs urgent, adequate treatment based on acceptable methods, delay in presentation can herald the occurrence of pathologies that could be difficult to interpret.

Species Diversity and Relative Abundance of Birds of Prey in North Western Region of Nigeria

The study aimed to determine the abundance of birds of prey in in North Western Region of Nigeria, carried out between September, 2022 and January 2023, with a view to providing information in a bid to establish a baseline for conservation for this group of birds. Road transect line method was used to collect data on bird diversity, abundance and distribution and each site was surveyed twice every month during the study period. Bird observation was carried out twice daily; morning between 6:00 to 10:00 a.m. and evening between 4:00 to 6:30p.m. The species relative abundance index was used to find the relative abundance in the region, whereas Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H′) was used to determine species diversity. A total of thirty two (32) species of 3 families were recorded including species of global conservation concern during this study, indicating that the North western region of Nigeria is an important breeding, roosting, and feeding habitat for several raptor species. The findings from this study provide evidence that the areas can serve as a refuge for birds. Therefore, conservation efforts should as well be directed towards making communities view human occupied areas as a habitat for birds, and not as a lost habitat.

Effect of Environmental Factors on Bunker Temperature and Pressure; A Study from Region with Harsh Tropical Weather

Background: Stabilization of weather factors especially temperature, pressure and humidity in bunkers that housed the Linear accelerators is necessary for safety of equipment and their efficient function for our patients. Daily variation of such factors can lessen the performance of Linear accelerators resulting to an error in their output and wrong dosimetry. Sokoto centre being located in the North-Western region of Nigeria with three unique seasons (Dry hot, Harmattan winter and Wet raining seasons) require a study of this kind to ascertain the influence of those harsh environmental factors on bunker's internal air condition. Methods: Daily records of Linac bunker temperature and pressure were measured using Precision mercury-in-glass thermometer and Opus barometer (OPUS 10 THI) from January 2019 to December 2021. Similarly, the corresponding daily external environmental temperature and pressure for the study period were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The values were grouped according to the months of year, mean values of temperature and pressure for each month of the year were generated and graphs and bar-charts were plotted for both bunker and external environment. Similarly, an overall mean score for both temperature and pressure of each month of the three years period were generated and graphs were plotted with those values for bunker and external environment. Results: The overall mean external temperature for the study period was 35.7°C, ± 3.82 as standard deviation (SD) and with a range of 26.0 – 43.6 °C, while for the overall mean bunker temperature it was 27.1°C ±1.7 SD and a range of 23.1 - 31°C. For the external environmental pressure, the overall mean value was 78.1hpa ± 1.5 as SD and a range of 68.1– 83.1hpa, while for the bunker it was 977.2 hpa ± 2.55 as SD and a range of 966.9 – 988.7 hpa. Using the pearsons correlation, it indicate that there is a significant association between environmental and bunker temperature (p-value=0.002). Conclusion: External environmental temperature showed a significant influence on bunker temperature despite the presence of chillers. But for environmental and bunker pressure, the relationship is complex and non-significant. Similarly, the seasons of the year also influenced bunker temperature.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression Prevalence amongst Nigerian Students Pursuing Higher Education

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders currently going undiagnosed in many developing countries, including Nigeria. Stigmatization, inadequate financial resources, poor healthcare infrastructure for accurate diagnosis, and low research attention are contributing factors to the prevalence of depression among youths in West Africa. This study estimated the prevalence of depression among higher education students in Nigeria. Data was extracted and examined from 1225 publications by three independent reviewers. To minimize bias, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guidelines was used to assess the data. Pooling of logit-transformed data was done using a generalized linear mixed-effects model, while restricted maximum likelihood was used to estimate between-study variance (τ2). Knapp-Hartung adjustments were included for calculating the confidence intervals around pooled effects, and R was used to calculate pooled estimates of depression prevalence. The risk factors of depression were examined by subgroup analyses and random-effect meta-regression models. Egger’s regression was used to check for publication bias in small-sampled studies with high prevalence estimates. Mean age of students across the 18 studies ranged from 19.09 to 26.3 years, with sample sizes ranging from 81 to 1482 participants. The pooled depression prevalence across studies was 26% (95% CI 0.18, 0.36) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%, τ2 = 0.9512). The subgroup analyses showed that higher education students in the Northwestern region of Nigeria have the highest depression prevalence (45.9%), followed by the South-South region (33%), Southeastern (22.1%), and Southwestern region (18.1%). Our findings show that depression among higher education students in Nigeria is highly prevalent. A significant proportion of higher education students in Nigeria are depressed. The factors contributing to the high depression prevalence, particularly among higher education students in the Northwestern region of Nigeria, should be investigated.

Modern contraceptive use in Northwestern Region of Nigeria: Rural-Urban segmentation analysis

Background: Northwestern region of Nigeria has among the lowest modern contraceptive use, and the highest fertility rate in the country, whereas there are little or no disaggregated information at the rural-urban level to shed light on the reasons for low use. Method: We analysed the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The relationships between modern contraceptive use and predictors were examined using Chi-square and logistics regression. Findings: Findings showed that common determinants of modern contraceptive use among rural and urban respondents were, state of residence, religion, and fertility preference. Determinants unique to rural respondents were; education, wealth status, number of siblings of respondents, and household had cable TV, and for urban respondents, unique determinants were, birth order of respondents, husband/partner’s education, household had radio, and mobile phone. Conclusion: Policy and program interventions need to use these additional insights to increase uptake of modern contraceptive use in the region.

Estimated incidence and Prevalence of noma in north central Nigeria, 2010-2018: A retrospective study.

BackgroundNoma is a spreading and fulminant disease believed to be native to Sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade and associated with low socioeconomic status of citizens of the region. Within this noma belt, most epidemiological reports regarding the disease have emanated from the north western region of Nigeria. However, our indigenous surgical mission encountered a substantial number of cases of noma and post-noma defects noteworthy of epidemiological representation across north central Nigeria.MethodsAll noma cases encountered within the 8-year study period were included and divided based on clinical signs into acute and sequelae groups. Incidence estimation was based on acute/recently active cases and was calculated using the statistical method proposed by the WHO Oral Health Unit (1994). Period prevalence of noma was calculated considering the population at risk in the zone.FindingsA total of 78 subjects were included in the study with age ranging from 2–75 years. Twelve subjects (15.4%) presented with acute disease while 66 (84.6%) had various forms of post-noma defects. The estimated incidence of noma in the north central zone was 8.3 per 100000 with a range of 4.1–17.9 per 100000 across various states. Period prevalence of noma which incorporated all cases seen within the study period was 1.6 per 100000 population at risk.ConclusionAlthough noma may be more prevalent in the north western region of Nigeria, substantial number of cases occurs within the north central zone which calls for deliberate public awareness campaign on disease risk factors and prevention, and education of primary health-care providers.

Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral drugs and impact on treatment adherence among HIV patients in northwestern Nigeria

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been a healthcare concern in the management of HIV. Information relating to ADR prevalence and its contribution to medication adherence is still limited in the northwestern part of Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADRs related to ART use, and its association with non-adherence to treatment. A prospective observational study was conducted among HIV patients receiving ART at the ART unit of a specialist hospital in Jigawa State, the Northwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected using patient interview and medical case folders. Patients were followed for 6 months for ADR monitoring. ADR causality was assessed using the WHO causality assessment. Of the 167 patients in the study, 98 (58.7%) reported experiencing ADRs from ART use. Thirty-nine (44.8%) of the ADRs were possible, 16 (18.4%) were probable, 23 (26.4%) were unlikely, and 9 (10.3%) were conditional. Forty-one (47.1%) of the ADRs were mild, 45 (51.7%) were moderate, and 1 (1.2%) was severe. The most commonly reported ADRs were related to the CNS (163, 52%). ADRs led to non-adherence in 16 patients (16.3%) in the study (Chi-square = 12.1; p < 0.001). The occurrence of ADRs associated with the use of ART is common and leads to non-adherence to ART among HIV patients. Adequate patient adherence counselling is therefore needed to improve adherence to ART, in addition to patient education and clinical interventions to manage ADRs.

Clinical Case Report of Suspected Fulminating Leptospirosis In A 4‐Months Old Caucasian Dog And Molecular Detection of Pathogenic Leptospira In Canine In Northwestern Nigeria: Public Health Significance And Ramifications

A severely debilitated 4-months old Caucasian male dog presented dehydration, emaciation, vomiting, icteric ocular and oral mucus membranes, generalized lymphadenopathy, hematuria, anorexia and prolonged recumbency. The patient was included and sampled as part of a wide leptospiral study in northwestern region of Nigeria. Clinical workup was done in established protocol for diagnosis based on history, clinical signs and selected laboratory tests, which include: hematology; serum biochemistry; urinalysis; histopathology. Treatment course was administered over 48 hours during which the patient died of overwhelming hepatopathy, nephropathy and pneumonia. Postmortem findings supported by ante mortem laboratory test and outcome of molecular survey within study region tentatively diagnosed leptospirosis, a disease endemic and presenting potentially fatal epidemics and zoonoses in some countries amongst the developing regions of the world. Eighty four (84) out of 342 canine urine samples were selected based on preliminary comprehensive serological and culture isolation data (in press to be published separately) for molecular assay in School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD). Pathogenic Leptospira was detected using the LipL32 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In-house designed primers targeting the LipL32 gene was used to amplify conserved regions unique to pathogenic Leptospira. Out of the 84 urine samples tested, 38(45.2%) were positive with the LipL32 qRT-PCR. This case report and the molecular assay outcome underscore the need for attention on the public health significance of the disease in the studied region and continent. With many unanswered and unasked questions about leptospirosis epidemiology and ecology in various regions in Africa, this study may help awaken stakeholders on danger that portends should canine infection and disease progression continue unchecked. Support or Funding Information I am applying for an ASBMB travel grant to sponsor partly my abstract and participation in the conference. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the nephrons Pus cells and areas of edema in lungs Accumulation of pus cells in the kidneys Areas of bronchial infiltrations Gross enlargement of kidneys Gross hemorrhages on lungs This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Letter to the editor on the article “Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria” by Muhammad A et al.

Malaria belongs to the most dangerous infectious diseases globally. Every effort to understand the mechanisms involved in Plasmodium spp. malaria infection and the antimalarial action cannot be overestimated. We have read with great interest the recently published article by Muhammad et al. entitled "Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria." Several questions have arisen about the conducted study that we would like to comment on.

Performance evaluation of Weibull function for wind data analysis in two selected locations in North-Western, Nigeria

In this study, the predictive ability of two-parameter Weibull distribution function in analyzing wind speed data was assessed in two selected sites with different mean wind speeds in the North-Western region of Nigeria. Twenty-two years wind speed data spanning from 1984 to 2005 was used in the analysis. The data were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) in Lagos. The results of the analysis show that Weibull function is suitable for analyzing measured wind speed data and in predicting the wind-power density in both locations and that Weibull function is not discriminative between locations with high and low mean wind speeds in analyzing wind data. The annual mean wind speeds for the two sites (Sokoto and Yelwa) are 7.99 ms-1 and 2.59 ms-1 respectively, while the annual values of the most probable wind speed and the maximum, energy-carrying wind speeds are respectively:3.52 and 4.34 ms-1 for Yelwa and 8.33 and 9.02 ms-1 for Sokoto. The estimated annual wind power densities for Yelwa and Sokoto are respectively 36.91 and 359.96 Wm-2. Therefore, Sokoto has a better prospect for wind power generation.

Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria.

This study was designed to investigate the alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarials in Nigeria. Drugs used were artemisinin, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine at the final concentrations of 0.5-8.0 mg/mL. Blood samples were collected from malarial patients and apparently healthy humans for comparison. Reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein content and lipid peroxidation were determined. All drugs significantly ( p < 0.05) increases the protein level relative to control in normal blood, whereas in the infected, a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction was observed. In normal blood, the antimalarials dose dependently decreased ( p < 0.05) SOD and catalase activities with significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the infected. The level of glutathione in normal blood significantly ( p < 0.05) increases as compared with control, whereas in the infected, similar observation was made except that the levels were less, relative to control sample. Malondialdehyde level significantly ( p < 0.05) increases with increase in drugs concentration even though less than the level in the control with few exceptions. These effects were dose dependent and more pronounced in non-malarial conditions. Commonly used antimalarials might alter the redox status in both healthy and non-healthy subjects thereby inducing oxidative stress.

Comparative Study of Ground Measured, Satellite-Derived, and Estimated Global Solar Radiation Data in Nigeria

In this study, the performance of three global solar radiation models and the accuracy of global solar radiation data derived from three sources were compared. Twenty-two years (1984–2005) of surface meteorological data consisting of monthly mean daily sunshine duration, minimum and maximum temperatures, and global solar radiation collected from the Nigerian Meteorological (NIMET) Agency, Oshodi, Lagos, and the National Aeronautics Space Agency (NASA) for three locations in North-Western region of Nigeria were used. A new model incorporating Garcia model into Angstrom-Prescott model was proposed for estimating global radiation in Nigeria. The performances of the models used were determined by using mean bias error (MBE), mean percentage error (MPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the statistical error indices, the proposed model was found to have the best accuracy with the least RMSE values (0.376 for Sokoto, 0.463 for Kaduna, and 0.449 for Kano) and highest coefficient of determination,R2values of 0.922, 0.938, and 0.961 for Sokoto, Kano, and Kaduna, respectively. Also, the comparative study result indicates that the estimated global radiation from the proposed model has a better error range and fits the ground measured data better than the satellite-derived data.

Induction of Haemolysis and DNA Fragmentation in a Normal and Malarial-Infected Blood by Commonly - used Antimalarial Drugs in the North-Western Region of Nigeria.

Antimalarial drugs are medicines that are used to prevent or treat malaria effectively at different stages in the life cycle of the malarial parasites. In spite of this, a good number of these drugs have the potential to cause harm when they are misused or abused. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of commonly-used antimalarial drugs in the North Western region of Nigeria on haemolysis and DNA fragmentation in the blood of normal and malarial infected humans ex vivo. The drugs used were artemisinine, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine (0.5-8.0 mg/ml). Haemolysis, haemoglobin status and DNA fragmentations were assayed for using standard procedures. It was observed that all the drugs induced a remarkable dose-dependent haemolysis with more pronounced effects on apparently healthy humans. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the level of haemoglobin in normal blood samples when compared with control samples. Contrariwise, in the malaria-infected blood, the haemoglobin level significantly (P < 0.05) increased as compared with control. The drugs caused an exceptional significant (P < 0.05) induction of DNA fragmentation when compared with control. Commonly-used antimalarial drugs induced haemolysis and altered haemoglobin status which may spontaneously increases the cellular iron levels; a substrate for Fenton and Haber Weiss reactions, and eventually induces DNA fragmentation. Hence, adequate care should be taken during prescription with total avoidance for self medications and/or drugs abuse as a result of their adverse effects within the red blood cells and its immediate microenvironment.