North-West Geopolitical Zone Of Nigeria Research Articles

Delays in seeking treatment for fever in children under five years of age in Nigeria: Evidence from the National Demographic Health Survey.

In countries with high child mortality rates, such as Nigeria, early intervention for common childhood illnesses (e.g., pneumonia and malaria) is essential for improving clinical outcomes. The timely reporting and treatment of fever is therefore critical in making a differential diagnosis and choosing an appropriate course of treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and major risk factors associated with delays in seeking treatment for fever in children under five years of age in Nigeria. This study used a total weighted sample of 7,466 children under five years of age from the 2018 National Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariable binary logistic regression modelling was used to investigate the association between predisposing, enabling, need, health service and community level factors, and delay in treatment-seeking for fever. We report the delays in seeking treatment for childhood fever that was reported by mothers in the last two weeks prior to the national survey. The prevalence for delayed treatment was 62.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.1%, 64.1%). Our findings showed that there were fewer delays in seeking treatment in children aged 24-59 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.93), among mothers who were formally employed (aOR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96), regularly attended antenatal services (aOR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66, 0.88), and for those who resided in wealthier households (aOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.89). Children whose mothers resided in the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria were less likely to delay seeking treatment for fever (aOR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.73). However, mothers who had an unwanted pregnancy had a higher odds of delaying treatment for childhood fever (aOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.39). There were significant delays in seeking treatment for childhood fever in poorer homes found in geopolitically unstable zones of Nigeria. Mothers who were poor, unemployed, and with younger children (<12 months) often delayed seeking treatment for their febrile child. Future health promotion strategies and microenterprise schemes should target both rural and urban mothers residing in poor households. Children under 12 months of age should be a priority.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Managerial Entrepreneurial Competencies for Technical College Programs

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has many useful purposes in social sciences research. The most common EFA uses between researchers involves reducing reasonably enormous variables to manageable ones, developing and sanitizing a novel instrument’s scales and examining the relationships between variables to make a theory. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyzed a managerial entrepreneurial competency (MEC) for technical college programs in northwest geo-political zone of Nigeria. A quantitative research approach was used to develop insight from the experts’ perspectives via a survey questionnaire. The samples of the study involved 331experts including 249 teachers from nine technical colleges and 82 SMEs in the three states of the zone. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 24, with a value of 0.864 as the Cronbach’s alpha. Moreover, the value for KMO measure of sampling adequacy equaled 0.830 and the value for Bartlett’s test was significant at 0.000 level. Consequently, out of the 15 elements run for the EFA, three elements were deleted because they did not meet the prerequisite of the factor analysis. The findings identified twelve important competencies needed for integration into technical college programs curricular. Therefore, the researchers recommended that the identified managerial entrepreneurial competencies are appropriate for integration into technical college programs curricular for sustainable entrepreneurship training of technical college student for self-employment.

Effect Of Banditry On Socio-Economic Development Of North-West Geopolitical Zone Of Nigeria

The emergence of criminal bandits in the northwest Nigeria has further deteriorated the socio-economic growth of the region already crippled by Bokoharam insurgency and other security challenges. This article offers to interrogate the effect of banditry on socio-economic development of northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The article adopts both descriptive and analytical research designs for collection and analysis of data. The findings of the study reveal among others that: banditry has negatively impacted on average per-capita income of the people, bandit activities have significantly affected human dignity among women and banditry has significant impact on food security. Consequently, the article holds the view that the region's socioeconomic development is still a long way off due to bandit operations. It recommends among others that in the envisaged new order, local government and traditional institutions should be actively and fully involved in security measure(s) against banditry in the region.

The State and the Management of Herder–Farmer conflicts in the North-West Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria, 2010–2020

This study examined the roles of the state in the management of farmers-herder conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone, between 2010 and 2020. The specific focus of the study, however, was on the nexus between government’s strategies of conflict resolution and the incidence of herders – farmers’ conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria Anchored on the basic propositions adapted from the Marxist theory of the neo-colonial state and relevant qualitative data generated through documentary and survey methods and analysed using content and textual analysis, the study found that the unwillingness of the Federal Government to implement basic strategies of conflict resolution account for the inability to mitigate the rising incidence of herders-farmers conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone of, with enormous humanitarian implications. The study thus underscored the need for effective implement of Comprehensive Livestock Development Plan to holistically mediate agrarian contestations, particularly between farmers and herders. Keywords: Natural resources, Nigerian state, open ranching, conflict resolution, farmer herder conflict

Testwiseness, Digital Accessibility, and Attitudinal Disposition to Computer-Assisted Testing among Undergraduate Students in North-West, Nigeria

The purpose this study was to determine whether undergraduate students’ testwiseness and access to digital devices are key factors critical to enhancing their attitude towards Computer-Assisted Testing (CAT) in some selected Universities in the North-west geo-political zone of Nigeria. It also examined if a significant difference existed in undergraduate students’ attitude to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. These were with a view to improving the CAT outcome directed towards certifying the quality in education by the Nigerian universities. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The sample consisted of an intact class of 5,880 Part I undergraduate students selected from federal and state-owned Universities in the North-west. A self-developed instrument tagged: “Undergraduate’s Testwiseness Digital Accessibility and Attitude Inventory (UTDAAI)”, was used to collect data. Data were analysed using Stepwise Multiple Regression and independent t-test statistics. The results revealed that testwiseness and digital accessibility are not significantly combined to influence undergraduate students’ attitude to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. However, there existed a positive significant relationship between testwiseness and digital accessibility. Further, there was no significant sex difference in undergraduate students’ attitudinal disposion to CAT in Universities in the North-west Nigeria. The study concluded that testwiseness was not a most potent predictor of students’ attitude to CAT irrespective of their access to digital devices in the University. It was recommended that Universities’ Management should invest considerable resources in developing rapid response digital intervention initiatives to support the learning, teaching and assessment transition for undergraduate students in the country.

ADOPTION AND ACCESS OF E-LIBRARY SERVICES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF NORTH WEST ZONE OF NIGERIA

This paper examined the adoption and access of E-library services in University library of North west zone of Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted to carry out the study using descriptive research methodology. The population used under this study comprised all the state federal, state and private universities in North–West Geo-political zone of Nigeria, comprises of seventeen (17) studied universities, the population considered to be subject of the study includes other professional and non-professional staff in the Nigerian university libraries on the position of university librarian circumstantially. The sample size depends on the nature of the research of the study. It is however proposed to have a sample of seventeen (17) universities, therefore the number of the universities is manageable, and therefore no sampling is required. The instruments used data collection is questionnaire. Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting the secondary population of the study. Data was also analyzed using descriptive analysis using frequency tables and percentages. Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting the secondary population of the study. The administration of the questionnaire was carried out by the co researchers and assisted by three (3) research assistants. The study found that, adoption and accessing of the electronic library services and resources in Nigerian university libraries of North-west Geo-political Zone are basically for the purpose of effective, reliable, and adequate library information dissemination. The study has also identified that some universities have for long adopted and established the electronic unit earlier than other university libraries in the North-west Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. Consequent to that, it has been identified that all the sampled university libraries have established the electronic unit for the purpose of information dissemination via electronic devices for rapid and speedy information services. The study has further revealed that majority of the electronic unit or managers of the electronic section are specialists in the area of library and information science. The study recommends that encouragement from the government will give enough room and opportunity to provide adequate transformation of information electronically in Nigerian University libraries of north-west geo-political zone. There is the need for the university libraries to concretely form a consortium for the formation of unified electronic services and electronic resource sharing e.g. Universities library consortium, Hinary, Lefel, etc. One of the greatest challenges or threats to the adoption and accessing or sustainability of using the electronic resources in Nigeria is the issue of power supply. Efforts should be made by the authority concern to provide alternative in case of power failure during the transformation services. The alternative probably might be the provision of solar power or standby generator in order to alleviate the challenge of inadequacy or none supply of electricity power supply. University libraries being an academic institution library should try by all means to promote their electronic resources and services for the university community members to be aware of their availability and existence. &#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Modelling the influence of culture on Entrepreneurial competencies and business success of the women micro entrepreneurs in the informal sector of the economy

The study examines the effect of culture on the relationship between the dimensions of Entrepreneurial competencies and business success of informal women micro-entrepreneurs in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study involves both descriptive and inferential statistics. With a random sample of 361 respondents, collected from a population of women micro-entrepreneurs, through the use of questionnaire, the obtained data were analyzed with a variance-based structural equation modelling, PLS-SEM. Findings revealed that opportunity, relationship, strategic, and organising competencies all have a positive and significant impact on business success of informal women micro-entrepreneurs in northwest Nigeria. Also, culture was found to moderate the relationship between relationship competencies and business success of women micro-entrepreneurs. These findings shows that any developmental programmes geared towards enhancing the performance of informal women micro-entrepreneurs in northwest Nigeria should focus on improving their entrepreneurial competencies, and the study practically illustrates the importance of interpersonal relations, such as, social interactions, and networking activities in the business success of informal women micro-entrepreneurs.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Financial Entrepreneurial Competencies for Technical College Programs for a Sustainable Self-employment

The study was aimed to explore and summarized Financial Entrepreneurial Competencies (FECs) through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for the development of a model for technical college programs in the North-West geo-political zone of Nigeria. The quantitative research approach was used to develop insight to stakeholders’ perspective: teachers and entrepreneurs. The study used survey questionnaires. The sample of the study involved 331 participants, including 249 technical college teachers and 82 SMEs entrepreneurs form the three states in the zone. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24, was used to analysed the data collected and a value of 0.72 Cronbach’s alpha was achieved. From the EFA, the study found that a three-factor structure is an appropriate method for describing the elements of FECs. Additionally, the value for KMO measure of sampling adequacy amount to 0.821 and the value for Bartlett’s test was significant at the 0.000 level this indicated that correlation between the variables are sufficiently large for factor analysis. The study also identified 61.99% as a total variance explained which is greater than the accepted threshold value. All the 12 items had a sizable inter-item correlation > 0.4, except FEC9 and FECP14 were eventually removed due to the complexity of the variable and were omitted in EFA. The study also highlights; it has been concluded FECs are worthy for inclusion into technical college programs as entrepreneurial competencies required by technical college students for self-employment in Nigeria.

Professionalism, Staff Competency and Financial Reporting Quality in The Public Sector

The financial reporting quality (FRQ) refers to better information dissemination across different users. It is a critical phenomenon for gauging organizations’ performance and survival. In many countries, the public sector has witnessed considerable changes in the past decade. The prominent one is the international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS) for the public sector entities. Drawing on contingency and institutional theories, this study tests the effects of professionalism on the relationship between staff competency and FRQ under the new accounting standards. By using a survey research approach and self-administered questionnaire, data was gathered from 118 directors of finance that represents the local governments of four states in the north-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) estimate revealed a significant positive relationship between staff competence and FRQ. Conversely, no significant effect was found in the interaction of professionalism on the model. The implications from the study are discussed in the context of Nigeria.

Socio-economic Factors and Adoption of ICT among staff members of Colleges of Education in Northwest zone of Nigeria

This research is financed by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND), Nigeria Abstract This study examined the impact of socio-economic characteristics on ICT adoption by staff members in the fourteen (14) colleges of education located in northwest geo-political zone of Nigeria . A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey design was adopted. Though the population of this study was 15,219, comprising 5,845 and 9,374 academic and non-academic staff respectively a sample of 610 was used . A combination of simple random and stratified random sampling techniques was used to select the sample and data was collected through a self-completion structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to test the main alternate hypothesis of the study at 95 per cent confidence level. Data analysis revealed that socio-economic variables have significant influence on IT adoption. Specifically, each of income, level of education, access to technology, age, gender and ownership of technology are predictors of level of ICT adoption. However, variables such as place of training, time of training, educational discipline and work experience do not have significant influence on the level of IT adoption. Hence, it was recommended that institutional heads should consider sales, training and maintenance agreement with hardware producers and software developers for the benefits of staff members. Employees should be encouraged to have access to expertise in data processing, graphics and publishing packages. Keywords: Adoption, Diffusion, Innovations, socio-economic characteristics, Information Technology, educational institutions, staff members DOI : 10.7176/IKM/9-2-07

Library and Information Science (LIS) Education in Universities in North-West Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria: Perspective and Challenges

Library and Information Science (LIS) Education in Universities in North-West Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria: Perspective and Challenges

Total Quality Management, Firm Performance, and The Moderating Role Of Competitive Intensity

By integrating resource-based view and theory of quality management we evaluated the moderating role of competitive intensity on the link between total quality management (TQM) implementation and SME performance. Using a stratified random sampling, 357 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to owner‐managers of SMEs operating in Kano and Kaduna in the north-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Of the 714 questionnaires distributed, 440 unusable questionnaires with 57 percent responses were returned and further analysed. The hypotheses were tested using Partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results supported the hypothesised main effect of TQM implementation on SME performance. However, our empirical study revealed that competitive intensity does not moderate positive relationship between TQM implementation and SME performance.

Poverty Status of Climate Smart Agricultural Farmers in North West Nigeria.-Application of Foster Greer and Thorbecke Model

This research established a link that exists between climate smart agricultural practices and poverty in North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study was motivated by the increasing consequence of climate change and its impact on poverty status among farmers in the study area. Farming households changing agricultural practices as a result of global observation of climatic and environmental changes. It was based on this that the study examines the impact of climate smart agricultural practices on poverty status among farmers in North West Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling techniques was used to select two hundred and ninety four (294) farming households in the study area who provide the relevant primary data information for the study through a set of pre-tested structured questionnaires. The objective was to decompose poverty status for high-users and low-users of climate smart agricultural techniques in the study area. Foster Greer and Thorberk model, Watt’s index, Sen, Shorrocks and Thon index were used to ascertain the objective. Poverty head count according to the FGT index for the total population is 35.89% for absolute poverty and 9.12% for relative poverty. This means that the average climate smart agriculture farmers had about 36% deprivation of basic human needs such as food, safe drinking water, health, shelter, education and information. On the other hand, for the absolute poverty of 9%. It means the average climate smart agricultural farmers had 9% deprivation to maintain the average standard of living. It connotes that the average climate smart agricultural farmers had 33% deprivation of food and 13% deprivation of average standard of living. Analysis of health poverty reveals that the absolute poverty is 42.38% and relative poverty 27.64%. It implies that the average climate smart agricultural farmers were deprived of health by 42% and by average standard of living by 28%. Further, analysis on education poverty reveals the absolute poverty and relative poverty value of 47.10% and 28.26%. This signifies that about 47% of the climate smart agricultural farmers were deprived of basic education and about 28% of climate smart agriculture farmers were deprived of average standard of living. The study concludes that poverty is evident in the study area. It therefore reccommends that Government, Non-Governmental Organizations and farmer associations should create a conducive knowledge exchang enviroment to encourage the low-users of climate smart agriculture to improve on their performance. Spouses especially should develop interest in climate smart agricultural farming. women empowerment programme can be embarked upoun by government and private individual. Policy on formal education should be enriched and developed in the curriculm to meet the climate smart agricultural challenges.

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Indicators of Climate Smart Agricultural Practice on Crop in North-West Nigeria

The current state of poverty in Nigeria is alarming and climate change threatens food security and increases poverty directly and indirectly. This research established a link that exists between climate smart agricultural practices and poverty status of small household farmers in North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria; and based on this, examined climate smart agricultural practices and poverty status of small holder farming households in the zone. The specific objective of the study was to determine factors influencing indicators of climate smart agricultural practices on crop enterprise in the study area. Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select three hundred (300) farming households in the study area, and using a set of pre-tested structured questionnaires, relevant data were collected. The study employed Ordinary Least Square (OLS), regression models to ascertain the objective. The regression analysis of maize enterprise shows that age, gender, marital status and household size were significant (p < 0.10), with age positively significant inferring that a unit increase in age will result in corresponding increase in the practice of climate smart agriculture for maize enterprise by 0.0264; also, the results showed that many more male farmers used climate smart agriculture in the maize enterprise than their female counterparts by 0.6001. Education, housing materials, lack of time and State option were significant (p < 0.01). The study concludes that crop production is greatly influenced by climate Smart Agriculture in the study area. The results suggest that those who had informal education (Arabic education) had significantly lower indices of climate smart agriculture for maize production than their counterparts who had formal education primary, secondary and tertiary. Housing material was also negatively significant (p < 0.01), meaning that the farmers with mud/thatched and mud/zinc houses had significantly lower usage of climate smart agriculture in the production of maize when compare with those with brick/zinc and concrete block zinc houses. The study concludes that socio economic variables influenced climate Smart Agriculture in the study area. It therefore recommends that women be encouraged to develop interest in climate smart agricultural farming activities through women empowerment programmes instituted by government and private bodies because men dominate the climate smart agricultural practices in the study area; Government, Non-Governmental Organizations and farmer associations should create a conducive learning environment to encourage the farmers of climate smart agriculture in the study area to embrace formal education which can improve their performance rapidly; and finally, policy on informal education should be enriched and developed in the curriculum to meet the current climate smart agricultural challenges.

Re-examining the relationship between perceived workgroup norms, self-regulatory efficacy and deviant workplace behaviour

PurposeDrawing on social learning and self-efficacy theories, the purpose of this paper is to examine links among perceived workgroup norms, self-regulatory efficacy, and deviant workplace behaviours.Design/methodology/approachFaculty members from universities located in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria participated. Partial least squares path modelling tested moderation of self-regulatory efficacy on the relationship between perceived workgroup norms and deviant workplace behaviours.FindingsFindings suggest a positive relationship between perceived descriptive norms and deviant workplace behaviours. A hypothesised effect of perceived injunctive norms on deviant workplace behaviours was not supported. Results also suggest interaction terms representing perceived descriptive norms and self-regulatory efficacy are significant. Similar results regarding moderation of self-regulatory efficacy on the relationship between perceived injunctive norms and deviant workplace behaviours were found. Findings support the view that self-regulatory efficacy overrides predispositions individuals hold to engage in deviant workplace behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsA cross-sectional design did not allow causal inferences, and self-report data associate with common method variance and social-desirability bias.Practical implicationsIndividual factors should be considered during selection in Nigerian universities. Moderation of self-regulatory efficacy suggests self-regulation minimises individual engagement in deviant acts. Thus, human resources managers in Nigerian universities should consider self-regulatory efficacy as a selection criterion when hiring academicians. This can be achieved by conducting personality inventory tests to screen those whose values are incompatible.Originality/valueAlthough extant research on organisational socialisation demonstrates mix findings regarding the link between perceived workgroup norms and deviant work behaviours, this study tests whether self-regulatory efficacy addresses these inconsistencies.

The Influence of Citizenship Norms, Efficacy Belief, and Parents’ Participation on Students’ Civic Engagement in Nigerian Universities: Data Screening and Preliminary Analysis

This article explored the data collected regarding the influence of citizenship norms, efficacy belief, and parents’ participation on students’ civic engagement in Nigeria. Five hundred and eighty-four (584) students from eight universities located in north-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria completed a self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire is a 5- Likert-scale. The data was analyzed by means of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 20. However, we conducted the initial screening and analysis of data so as to fulfil the assumptions specified for multivariate analysis. That is, the values missed out by respondents were treated. Then comes the assessment and handling of outliers, which are the disproportionate case scores that is expected to have a substantial negative impact on the outcomes. Following this, a test of normality, linearity and multicollinearity were performed. It was then concluded that the data was fit for further multivariate analysis.. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n2p81

Does Self-Regulatory Efficacy Matter? Effects of Punishment Certainty and Punishment Severity on Organizational Deviance

Extant empirical research has reported conflicting findings with respect to the effects of punishment certainty and punishment severity on organizational deviance, suggesting the need to introduce a moderator. The present study tested whether self-regulatory efficacy matters on the relationships among punishment certainty, punishment severity, and organizational deviance. Drawing on deterrence and self-efficacy theories, this study examined the effects of punishment certainty, punishment severity, and self-regulatory efficacy on organizational deviance among 197 employed postgraduate students who enrolled in the Master of Business Administration program at two large universities located in the north-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. We used self-administered questionnaires to collect data. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we found a significant negative relationship between punishment certainty and organizational deviance. Similarly, the results indicated that punishment severity had a significant negative relationship with organizational deviance. The study also found a significant negative relationship between self-regulatory efficacy and organizational deviance. As expected, self-regulatory efficacy was found to moderate the relationship between punishment certainty and organizational deviance. On the contrary, no significant interaction effect was found between self-regulatory efficacy and punishment severity. Implications of the study in the Nigerian context have been discussed.

Antecedents and Outcomes of Voice and Silence Behaviours of Employees of Tertiary Educational Institutions in Nigeria

In collectivist cultures with a high degree of the Power Distance Index (PDI), an expression of voice by employees in the form of opinions and suggestions on work related issues are a task as difficult as doing away with the turban of a Tuareng man. Silence is prevalent as employees feel culturally bonded not to take up issues with what is now popularly referred to as “Oga at the top” in the Nigerian context. This study investigates through the use of interview, why middle cadre administrative employees in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions feel reluctant to voice opinions and suggestions on work related issues to the person(s) above them in organisation hierarchy. This study uses cultural dimensions to explore the antecedents and outcomes of voice and silence behaviours of middle cadre administrative employees in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions. 26 employees selected across tertiary institutions from the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria were interviewed. The finding reveals that the cultural values of absolute loyalty and respect for the superior is the chief reason followed by fear of negative label, being marked rebellious or antagonist as well as inability to rise to top positions. Employees believe this will continue for a reasonably long time, because culture more than any other thing influence employee voice on work related issues.

HIV/AIDS-related stigma and access to HIV treatments by people living with HIV/AIDS: A case study of selected states in North-West Nigeria

Objectives To study the prevalence of HIV-related stigma and the effect of stigma on HIV treatment adoption among PLWHA attending HIV treatment locations in some selected states in the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted (using structured questionnaires) among PLWHA in three selected states in the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The multiple logistic regressions analysis was used to determine factors associated with HIV-related stigma and adoption of HIV treatment. Results It was found that 71(21.3%), 88(26.3%) and 43(12.8%) of the participants were facing HIV-related stigma from their place of works, the public and their family members. Also, the results of the logistic regressions show that PLWHA who have no formal education and those with primary education were less likely to face stigma from the public (OR-0.212; 95% CI-0.064–0.702; p < 0.05) and their employers (OR-0.236; 95% CI-0.072–0.775; p < 0.05) respectively. Conclusion Although majority of the participants claimed not to be facing any form of HIV-related stigma, the prevalence of HIV-related stigma observed (job related stigma – 21.3%, stigma from the public – 26.3% and stigma from family members-12.8%) among the participants in this study still calls for concern.