Northern Part Of Jordan Research Articles

الاستمالات الإقناعية في الإعلانات التجارية لدى المؤثرين على شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي ودورها في تسويق المنتجات لدى الشباب الجامعي الأردني

Persuasions Grooming' in Commercial Advertisements Among the Influencers on Social Media and Their Role in Marketing Products Among the University Jordanian Youth The study aimed to identify the habits and patterns of university Jordanian youth’s exposure to advertisements presented by Social Media Influencers and their confidence in them and the persuasion techniques they contain. This study is classified as descriptive-analytical research, which relied on the survey methodology, where the sample of the study consisted of (393) items from the study community, represented by the students of Yarmouk University and Jadara University in the northern part of Jordan, who use social networks and follow the advertisements of influencers on them. To achieve the study's objectives, the researchers relied on the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study found that the degree of university Jordanian youth’s follow-up to Social Media Influencers and their follow-up to commercial advertisements presented by them was (Medium), it also showed that the degree of university Jordanian youth’s confidence in commercial advertisements presented by influencers was also (Medium). The study showed that psychological persuasion ranked first as the most prominent persuasion that works to attract university youth to the advertisements presented by Social Media Influencers. The study also found that the most prominent factor that drives university Jordanian youth to pay attention to commercial advertisements presented by influencers is the influencer himself, followed by the way the advertisements are presented. It revealed a significant direct correlation between the extent to which university youth trust commercial advertisements submitted by Social Media Influencers and the extent to which they respond to advertisements submitted by them in terms of purchasing the product or not.

Association between servant leadership and nurses’ turnover intention: evidence from Jordan

BackgroundNurses’ turnover has remained a concern in the healthcare sector worldwide. Nurse managers should adopt appropriate leadership styles that promote a positive working environment. The literature revealed that effective leadership...

Unveiling awareness and knowledge of orphan plants: catalysts for sustainable transformation in Al-Zarqa Basin, Jordan

The awareness of orphan plants and underutilized species that have agricultural, nutritional, and medicinal importance is critical to the sustainable civilization of people. The lack of knowledge of the orphan plant’s importance stems from insufficient outreach and educational efforts and this may increase the underappreciation of these plants’ ecological relevance which will affect the sustainable environment in the determined region. In this study, Al Zarqa basin region located in the northern part of Jordan was selected as a study case. This is due to it having rich plant biodiversity with many endangered plant species. This study aimed to assess the awareness levels of the civil people in the Al Zarqa basin regarding orphan plants and identify key factors influencing the community’s understanding of these underutilized species. In this study, local youth volunteers distributed an e-questionnaire, and 1000 participants from seven villages were engaged. Different parameters that measure people’s awareness regarding orphan plants were evaluated. Data were collected and statistically analyzed to show the range of the people’s awareness. Data showed the predominant of the samples used were male representation (66%), aged 18–45, engaged in agricultural and handicraft activities, with diverse educational backgrounds, and monthly incomes of 300–500 JD. Limited awareness (23.3%) of ‘orphan plants’ was linked to lower academic levels in the studied areas. Perceived benefits varied, with 36.1% acknowledging moderate advantages and 25.6% perceiving high benefits. Despite recognizing utility, participants lacked specificity in benefits or classification. The study concludes that the region exhibits a dearth of knowledge about orphan plants, necessitating educational initiatives to raise awareness and advocate for the agricultural and medicinal potential of underutilized plant species, contributing to the socioeconomic advancement of residents in the agriculturally endowed Zarqa Basin. This investigation is essential for highlighting the current state of awareness and informing potential outreach and education strategies. Addressing the root cause of underappreciation through targeted initiatives can play a pivotal role in fostering a better understanding of the ecological significance of rare and endangered plants, ultimately contributing to their conservation and sustainable use.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Acute Respiratory Infection among Parents of Children under Five Years

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among children. As parents are the main caregivers for these children, it is essential to assess and strengthen their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) toward ARI. Purpose: To assess KAPs toward ARI among Jordanian and Syrian parents with children under five years, and KAPs relationships with the parental sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted using a sample of 204 parents (124 Jordanians and 80 Syrians). The data was collected at community associations in Irbid city in the northern part of Jordan, between December 2021 and February 2022. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to measure parents’ KAPs toward ARI in children under five years. Results: The results revealed that 48% of the fathers and 61% of the mothers were educated to college level. The total score of knowledge was 10 out of 18 (SD =2.75), while that of attitudes was 8 out of 12 (SD = 1.97), and that of practices was 4 out of 5 (SD = 0.89). Spearman correlation indicated that mother’s education and father’s education were positively correlated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Pearson correlation indicated that family income was positively correlated with the attitude and practice scores. Independent sample t-test indicated that Jordanian parents reported significantly higher attitude and practice scores than Syrian parents (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, Jordanian and Syrian parents’ knowledge about ARI in Irbid city is insufficient and mainly correlated with their level of education. Implications for Nursing: The study highlights the need for health education in primary health care centers, public places, and community organizations. Health education should target parents with low socioeconomic status and Syrian refugee parents. Keywords: Acute respiratory infection (ARI), Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAPs), Parents, Children under five years.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Wild Ruta chalepensis L. from the North of Jordan

Ruta chalepensis, known as Fringed Rue, is a small shrub of the Rutaceae family. To date, there is no record of its natural distribution across Jordan, a country located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, and there are no previous studies on its genetic diversity in the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of R. chalepensis in the northern parts of Jordan using morphological trait and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. For the morphological traits, the analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the identified populations. The Shannon diversity indices showed relatively high values, indicating the existence of a high variability among the identified populations. The principal component analysis explained 82% of the variation between the collected plants, and a clear separation of the collected individuals from the Jarash-A, Jarash-B and Ajloun-B populations from the rest of the populations was observed. The heatmap clustering was in general agreement with the results of the principal component analysis, with the plant height, rachis length and plant width considered as the discriminative traits. The AFLP analysis using eight different primer combinations generated 59 polymorphic bands, with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.32. The phylogenetic analysis identified three main clusters, with the first cluster including 65% of the individuals collected from the Jarash and Ajloun provinces, with a clear separation of the Jarash-B population. The AMOVA revealed that the genetic variation between the populations contributed 30% of the total genetic variation, while the variation within the populations explained 70%. In conclusion, morphological traits and molecular markers were used successfully to assess the genetic diversity among wild R. chalepensis from the north of Jordan, and such data can be used for future conservation plans and utilization purposes.

Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Panels Waste in Jordan: Figures, Facts, and Concerns

Even though the Kingdom of Jordan is moving in the right direction and adopting clean energy sources such as PV plants, the waste problem will eventually emerge within a few decades and will be an overwhelming issue if not addressed early on. According to reports, the installed PV capacity worldwide was around 410 GW in 2017 and is projected to increase to 5000 GW by 2050. Global solar PV waste is anticipated to reach between 5% and 15% of total generation capacity by 2030, with a 25-year average panel lifespan. This study aims to provide an estimation of the amount of PV waste expected within the next decade, and finally expand on the economic and environmental effects. Moreover, this paper’s target is to explore the possible effects of PV waste materials in the northern part of Jordan, and the obtained results can be applied to other regions in Jordan. Information about renewable energy in Jordan, retrieved from databases of electricity companies, is utilized to reach an accurate estimation of the amounts of materials that will occur at the end of life. The solar PV panel end of life (EOL) management is a developing field that necessitates additional research and development The obtained findings, figures, and facts about the photovoltaic solar energy sector presented in this study highlight the urgency to develop a suitable system for the collection and management of photovoltaic modules at their end of life.

Assessment of Diagnostic Imaging Sector in Public Hospitals in Northern Jordan.

The most effective diagnostic methods in the medical field are diagnostic imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine, which are used to visualize internal body to diagnose it, determine potential treatment, and evaluate and forecast care results. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the diagnostic imaging sector, at three major public hospitals in the northern part of Jordan, according to regional and global requirements. The assessment approach was based on knowledge of the accessibility of diagnostic imaging equipment and its quality assurance and performance, the quantity and efficiency of radiological technologists, and the design of radiology units and medical imaging chambers in many aspects based on the use of two tools, a questionnaire and checklists, to accomplish a comprehensive evaluation. The response rate of radiological technologists was 66%. The assessment reveals a noticeable increase in the number of radiological technologists in general with high academic qualification level. Additionally, the number of diagnostic imaging equipment in Jordan revealed a large deficiency in the population–device balance, and through checklists that evaluated both CT and MRI units, it was revealed that the rate of following global requirements and occupational health and safety (OHS) standards was high. The basic supplies available in both the CT and MRI units alike were high, which indicates the high quality of healthcare provided in Jordan.

Psychological Predictors of Fibromyalgia Among High School Students.

The purpose of the current study was to examine prediction power of psychological factors (i.e., alexithymia and psychological distress) on fibromyalgia among high school students. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data related to alexithymia, psychological distress, and fibromyalgia were collected from 483 high school students from the northern part of Jordan using stratified cluster random sampling. Results showed that psychological distress is a significant predictor of fibromyalgia (odds ratio = 1.1, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between males and females in relation to alexithymia (t = -4.87, p < 0.001), psychological distress (t = -6.0, p < 0.001), and fibromyalgia (χ2 = 4.14, p = 0.04, phi = 0.07). Age was only significantly correlated with alexithymia (r = 0.06, p < 0.05). Given the relationship among psychological distress, alexithymia, and fibromyalgia, mental health professionals should carefully observe psychological disturbances among high school students. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(8), 19-25.].

Prevalence of Pneumococcal Carriage among Jordanian Infants in the First 6 Months of Age, 2008-2016.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic human-adapted pathogen driven by nasopharyngeal carriage. Aims: To find the pneumococcal carriage rate, resistance, serotypes, and coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) among infants in the first six months of age in the period from March 2008 to April 2016. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) were taken from healthy infants from the northern part of Jordan. Swabs were processed for cultivation, identification, resistance testing and serotyping according to standard methods. Results: During the surveillance period, 484 infants of this age group were tested, with a total carriage rate of 56.2%. 96.2% of infants one to two months of age got one PCV7 injection and were 58% carriers at the time of the first injection. At age three to four months, 84.9% had received two injections, with a carriage rate of 54.9% at the time of the second injection. At ages five to six months, 12.5% had received one to three injections, with a carriage rate of 43.8%. Predominant serotypes in all age groups were 19F (12.5%), 6A (11.4%), 11A (8.4%), 19A (7.0%), 6B (6.6%), 23F (5.9%), 15B (5.1%), 15A and 23A (4.0% each). Coverage of PCV7, PCV13 and the future PCV20 among all cases were 30.5%, 50.7% and 70.6%, respectively. The highest coverage rate of 78.6% was noticed in the age group at five to six months with the future PCV20. Antibiotic resistance was the highest in the first age group. Conclusions: Pneumococcal carriage starts from the first month of the infant’s life. The highest coverage was noticed for PCV20, which implies the necessity for inoculation with future vaccines.

A study of developing a spatial entity greenway in the case of Irbid City – Jordan

Greenways are urban elements that are designed to show the linear consistency and connectivity between open green spaces and cause a development in the urban texture. As a city starts to grow, the absolute metropolitan development should be followed by an ongoing protection of the rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city development and the fortification of the open agricultural and rural lands is deemed a good strategy in order to result in a homogenous urban fabric of the city. The study aims to present a greenway model of development to work as a prototype applied on an existing route in Irbid City-Jordan by using the methods of testing and analyzing the route during the site visit and by using GIS base maps in order to come up with an absolute combination between monitoring the city growth, maintaining the quality of the agricultural lands and serving the public and local needs in order to result in a more balanced and controlled growth of the city. Irbid city is located in the northern part of Jordan with a radial urban expansion model of growth extending from the historical center and spreading toward the outskirts of the city. Regarding the significant increase in the number of population in Irbid City-Jordan since the 1970s until nowadays and the continuous need for habitats, there was a huge number of housing projects in the inner part of the city that expanded toward the outer part including the rural areas, resulting in a huge lack of agricultural lands and open recreational spaces where people can benefit from. Those spaces form an outlet of the city connected with the inner part by a route. Establishing a greenway along the route raises the integration between people and their lands and encourages farmers to develop and harvest. According to this study, the greenway development, which forms a breath out to the highly built-up area in the city, has become a great tool to result in tremendous beneficial outcomes to the city development.

Predictors of growth of Escherichia coli on lab coats as part of hospital-acquired infection transmission through healthcare personnel attire.

Previous research has documented the presence of microbes on healthcare personnel (HCP) attire. This study aimed to explore the bacterial contamination and predictors of Escherichia coli (E coli) growth, as well as, hygiene and handling practices of HCP attire that could influence growth of E coli. Descriptive, cross-sectional study was used in this study. Convenience sampling of the 188 HCP was recruited from a main comprehensive hospital in the northern part of Jordan. Three swab samples were collected from three different parts of lab coats used by each participant. The generalised mixed linear model was used for the categorical variables and to identify the predictors of E coli growth on HCP attire. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common species of bacteria found on lab coat. The HCP attire coming from the emergency department (ED) was highlighted with slightly higher contamination of E coli compared with other departments, such as critical care units. Factors associated with significant E coli growth on HCP attire were lab coat use over scrubs and borrowing of lab coats. The predictors of positive E coli growth were working in the ED, storing HCP attire in hospital lockers, believing the transmission of pathogens by HCP attire and carrying attire wrapped around arms. Hygiene practices and policies, including a washing facility on the hospital premises, are a must to keep the lab coats clean. HCP should be cautious about the method of use and storage of lab coats they wear.

THE GREAT EASTWARD MIGRATION INTO THE LATE NEOLITHIC BLACK DESERT, JORDAN

The southern Levant underwent two massive episodes of population dislocation in the Neolithic period, both apparently caused to some extent by overexploitation of natural resources as well as some degree of climate instability. Palestine and the Jordan Valley were virtually abandoned in the mid-seventh millennium BC, and the movement of people to the highlands of Jordan resulted in the creation of enormous settlements, the “megasites” of the Late PPNB during the second half of the seventh millennium. The second “Great Eastward Migration” occurred at the end of the seventh millennium, at the onset of the PPNC/Final PPNB, when the LPPNB megasites collapsed, forcing outright abandonment in the southern half of Jordan and a major reduction of the size of megasites in the northern part of Jordan. The Jordan Valley and Palestine were re-populated as a consequence, but a substantial number of people forced out of their settlements were pulled into the basalt desert of eastern Jordan, southeastern Syria, and northern Saudi Arabia. The migrants used a new hunting method: the construction of large chains of overlapping traps (kites) to undertake mass slaughter of gazelles, as well as to develop a dairy base centered on yoghurt made from milking herds of domesticated sheep and goats.

30 Years Climate Change Impact on Weather Elements and Green Coverage: GIS and Remote Sensing Geo-Environmental Case Study in Jordan

This study deals with climate change and its geo-environmental impact in Jordan for thirty years period (1982-2012). It comprised the building of a geographic information system (GIS) database for the most important basic climatic elements of temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. Data is obtained from the Meteorological Department of Jordan for the study period. Digital descriptive and statistical analysis methods for the GIS database are implemented using ArcGIS 10.4 software and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite images to forecast that impact on weather elements and green vegetation cover, respectively. Three different criteria are used for analysis and verification to achieve the objectives of the study. The criteria are the average annual minimum and maximum temperature, which is considered the most important criterion for this study, average annual rainfall, and average annual relative humidity. Results showed a speedy increase in the annual rate of the local temperature, particularly since 1990. Despite the local temperatures' average volatility, the increment reached about 1.5-2.0 oC degrees Celsius. An increase in the relative humidity is observed, but with no evident change in the average annual rainfall, both in Jordan's northern and eastern parts. At the same time, there were increases for Jordan's central region during the period 1985-2012. The green vegetation cover area showed a decrease during the studied period 2002-2008 as that is probably due to the evident increase in annual average temperature and evaporation. Results reveal the increase of the greater temperature change region has increased in the northern part of Jordan by eight times for the 1982-2002 period as mentioned in this study. The area of vegetated area decreased to 3725.8 km² in 2008 compared to 9305.5 km² in 2002. The study demonstrated efficiency in applying descriptive and statistical GIS analysis methods on the climatic database, which better understanding of the climate change phenomenon.

Geomatics techniques for evaluation of road pavement rutting

Rutting is one of the severe pavement distresses. It is defined as longitudinal depression under wheel path, caused by repeated traffic load, and it is an indicator of the structural failure as well as having effect on road user’s safety and riding quality. The objectives of this study are to use geomatics techniques such as terrestrial laser scanner, precise positioning system (RTK) and cellular phone for rutting measurements in minor roads in northern part of Jordan, in addition to develop rutting and lateral displacement models using different parameters such as annual average daily traffic (AADT), truck percent, lane width, pavement age and pavement thickness. Manual measurement of rutting was used as reference method for verifying the results obtained from laser scanning, RTK and cellular phone. The study showed that the used methods produced accurate and reliable results compared with the manual method based on root-mean-square (RMSE) which was 0.557 cm for the RTK measurements, 0.577 cm for cellular phone measurements and 0.592 cm of the laser scanner system, respectively. On the other hand, the consistency of accuracy of measurements was slightly better for the cellular phone measurements with a mean average error (MAE) of 0.415 cm, while it was 0.422 cm for the RTK system and 0.442 cm for the laser scanner measurements. The finding of this research will support the development of using geomatics techniques for the measurement of pavement rutting which facilitate the processes and give reliable surface measurement in short time.

A Pragmatic Study of Swearing Objects and Expressions in Jordanian Arabic

This research paper aims at exploring the swearing objects and expressions that are used in Jordanian Arabic, particularly in the Mafraq Governorate. This study provides foreigners with enough information on swearing objects and expressions in the Mafraq Governorate. The stratified sample which allows selecting a separate simple random sample from each population stratum was applied in the current research. Questionnaire and interview method were employed in this study. The study found that Jordanians in Mafraq Governorate use fifteen swearing objects, including swearing by imaginary custodians as a unique swearing object for this area of Jordan. Various swearing expressions are used when people in Mafraq swear by these objects. The research paper concludes that there are differences in the percentage of using swearing objects between Mafraq Governorate and other northern parts of Jordan. The research paper recommends a new study of swearing objects and expressions in the whole of Jordan. A comparative study of swearing objects and expressions between Jordan and a certain western country, particularly a native English country is recommended.

Stochastic seasonal rainfall simulation model for Irbid region, Northern Jordan

ABSTRACT A stochastic hourly simulation model is developed for the synthesis of the rainfall pattern in the northern part of Jordan. The generation of synthetic rainfall data is an attempt to provide longer data sequences. The simulation model is based on statistical properties of rainfall data for three stations in the Northern region of Jordan for the period 1975–2004. The mean and variances of important rainfall characteristics were reasonably well preserved in the synthesized data. The simulated characteristics include the duration, total depth and depth at 50% duration and mass curves of the storms. The intensity-duration-frequency curves generated by this model compared well with locally available curves. The resulting IDF curves based on the stochastically generated storm sequences are usually used for flood estimation in urban/rural watersheds. Using the resulting IDF curves is highly recommended for rigorous, efficient and safe design of hydraulic structures and flood protection works.

Estimation of the sediment yield using hydrological assessment tool model: a case of Wadi Al-Arab Dam at the northern part of Jordan

Estimation of the sediment yield using hydrological assessment tool model: a case of Wadi Al-Arab Dam at the northern part of Jordan

Population Prevalence of Asthma in Aljiza District

Background: Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. Objective: In this study we determine the prevalence of asthma among the population of Aljiza District, Jordan. In order to determine the prevalence of asthma in Aljiza District (Amman, Jordan), Method: a questionnaire was distributed to 4200 respondents of different age and gender. Results and Conclusions: The responses were reviewed and the incidences were determined. From the 4200 questionnaires by respondents 131 person (3.1%) suffered from physician-diagnosed asthma. No attempt was made to confirm the diagnosis and the results relied upon responses to questionnaire. The prevalence of asthma in adult females was higher than that of males in all groups. Adult females and males showed a significant priority on other age groups, and children, 5-10 years group have higher prevalence than children, 10-15 years group, in both males and females. In order of frequency, the triggering factors were common cold, dust, allergens, smoke, exercise, and chest infection. A relationship between asthma and paternal smoking, family history and to a lesser extent recurrent chest infections was suggested. The prevalence of asthma in Aljiza District is less than that reported in the southern and northern parts of Jordan and some Middle East countries. Although our results show a low prevalence of asthma, it still is a health problem among children and the adults in Aljiza District.

Optimizing the Use of Formalin Aqueous by using Disposed Formalin Aqueous to Improve Properties of Expansive Soil

With the recently increased interest for sustainable engineering and its applications in geotechnical engineering, soil treatment becomes a customary strategy used to enhance soils to accomplish the specifications of different projects. Soil stabilization, which includes soil stabilization by additives, is a well-known method to improve engineering properties of the expansive soil.The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of using a formalin aqueous waste to improve the engineering properties of an expansive clayey-soil selected from the northern part of Jordan, Irbid city. To attain this target, several laboratory tests including Atterberg limits, standard proctor compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), and swell test were carried to compare the effect of adding different percentages of the formalin aqueous waste on the natural and the treated soil.The results showed that the used formalin improves the engineering properties of the expansive soil used in this study by increased the UCS, dry unite weight (γd), reducing the swelling potential. Therefore, it can be considered as a good stabilizing agent for soil at different percentages.

Optimizing the Impact of Detergents Contamination on the Geotechnical Properties of Soils

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of disposing commonly used detergents, namely Sodium Hypo-Chlorite, with a commercial name (Clorox), and Quaternary Ammonium Chloride commercially, known as (Flash), to soil on some of the geotechnical properties of different soils selected from three different locations in the northern part of Jordan. To achieve the goal of this research, two cohesive soils (Soil I and II) were selected.The initial physical properties of the selected soils including optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, grain size distribution, and cohesive soils unconfined compression tests were determined. Several samples were prepared by mixing the soil with different percentages of detergents (Clorox and Flash) and their effects were studied by conducting different experiments such as the modified proctor compaction test, the unconfined test and Atterberg limits test. The results indicated that as the percentage of detergents increased, the plasticity index is slightly increased but the maximum dry density, water content and shear strength of cohesive soils (Soil-I and Soil-II) were decreased.