Northern East China Research Articles

Complete genomic sequences and comparative analysis of two Orf virus isolates from Guizhou Province and Jilin Province, China.

Orf virus (ORFV, species Orf virus) belongs to the typical species of the Parapoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae, which infects sheep, goats, and humans with worldwide distribution. Although outbreaks of Orf have been reported sequentially in several Chinese provinces, the epidemiology of Orf and genetic diversity of ORFV strains still needs to be further characterized. To further reveal the genomic organization of the ORFV-GZ18 and ORFV-CL18 isolates, the complete genome sequences of two recently obtained ORFV isolates were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology and analyzed, which had been deposited in the GenBank database under accession number MN648218 and MN648219, respectively. The complete genomic sequence of ORFV-CL18 was 138,495bp in length, including 131 potential open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of 3481bp at both ends, which has genomic structure typical Parapoxviruses. The overall genomic organization of the fully sequenced genome of ORFV-GZ18 was consistent with ORFV-CL18 genome, with a complete genome size of 138,446 nucleotides, containing 131 ORFs flanked by ITRs of 3469bp. Additionally, the overall G + C contents of ORFV-GZ18 and ORFV-CL18 genome sequences were about 63.9% and 63.8%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that both ORFV-GZ18 and ORFV-CL18 were genetically closely related to ORFV-SY17 derived from sheep. In summary, the complete genomic sequences of ORFV-GZ18 and ORFV-CL18 are reported, with the hope it will be useful to investigate the host range, geographic distribution, and genetic evolution of the virus in Southern West and Northern East China.

Spatial and Seasonal Characteristics of Air Pollution Spillover in China

Air pollution spillover can cause air pollution to negatively affect neighboring regions. The structure of air pollution spillover varies with changes in season and space. Researching the spatial and seasonal characteristics of air pollution spillover is beneficial for determining air pollution prevention and control policies. First, this paper uses the GARCH-BEKK model to correlate the air pollution spillover among cities. Second, a complex network is constructed, and cities that have stronger spillover correlations are grouped into the same region. Finally, motifs are analyzed regarding the spillover relationships among regions. This paper also compares the structure of air pollution spillover during various seasons. This study determines that every season has a core region where the air pollution spillover exits the region. The core region in the spring is western East China, in the summer it is northern East China, in the autumn it is northern East China, and in the winter it is northern North China. These regions interact with most other regions. Furthermore, in spring and winter, the phenomena of air pollution spillover between regions are stronger than those in summer and autumn. We can weaken the air pollution spillover by controlling the air pollution in core regions.

Evaluation of Climatic Condition Suitability for Elderly Care Industry Development in Prefecture-Level Cities in China

The demand for elderly care in China is growing, and the elderly care industry has great development prospects. Climatic conditions are important factors that affect the health of elderly individuals and the development of the elderly care industry. This study will have important guiding significance for the layout of China’s elderly care industry. This paper utilizes ArcGIS and the spatial fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the climatic suitability for the development of the elderly care industry in China’s four municipalities, the Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions, and 333 prefecture-level administrative regions based on six factors: temperature, humidity, airflow, air pressure, sunshine, and precipitation. In addition, development suggestions are proposed. The results show the following. (1) The areas with highly suitable climatic conditions for the development of the elderly care industry in China are concentrated in the eastern and southern areas of Southwest China and the southern areas of Central and East China, mainly in the Yangtze and Pearl River Basins. Slightly suitable areas are distributed around highly suitable areas, concentrated in the central and southern regions of China. Low-suitability areas are clustered, including an area spanning northern North China and East China, southern Northeast China, and central Northwest China, and there is another cluster in Xinjiang. The non-suitable area resembles a strip extending from Northeast China along the Inner Mongolia Plateau to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) In Central and Southwest China, there are 57 prefecture-level administrative units with highly suitable temperature conditions that can develop an elderly care industry for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty-eight prefecture-level administrative regions with comprehensively suitable temperature and humidity conditions scattered throughout the country can develop an elderly care industry for elderly patients suffering from rheumatic and respiratory diseases.

A late Mesozoic high plateau in eastern China: Evidence from basalt vesicular paleoaltimetry

Eastern China is made of a number of large and small continental fragments throughout late Paleozoic and Mesozoic time, and is still the best natural laboratory for examining kinematic models of continent tectonics. The paleoelevation history of eastern China provides direct insight into the tectonic processes in China. Here we present basalt-vesicularity based estimates of the paleoaltimetry of the early Cretaceous basalts in northern East China, which indicate that the studied basalt units were at an elevation of more than 4 kilometers in late Mesozoic. Two vesicular basaltic rocks have been collected form bottom to top along the lava flow outcrop in eastern Inner Mongolia. After the digital precessing to the sample cross-sections, and taking advantage of the stereological conversion method to acquire the bubble size distributions, paleoelevation estimate was calculated for East China in the early Cretaceous. The results show that the elevation has been near 4700±750 m when the lava flows was cooling, implying that there were highland regions in the northern part of the East China Plateau during the early Cretaceous. Combined with other geological evidence, we conclude that there was a high plateau with elevation near 5000 m above sea level in Eastern China during the late Mesozoic. This ancient high plateau in eastern China was most likely formed by the collision of the north and south China blocks.

Monsoon Change in East Asia in the 21st Century: Results of RegCM3

The authors investigate monsoon change in East Asia in the 21st century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario using the results of a regional climate model, RegCM3, with a high horizontal resolution. First, the authors evaluate the model's performance compared with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, showing that the model can reliably reproduce the basic climatology of both winter and summer monsoons over East Asia. Next, it is found that the winter monsoon in East Asia would slightly weaken in the 21st century with spatial differences. Over northern East China, anomalous southerly winds would dominate in the mid-and late-21st century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast is expected to become smaller, due to a stronger warming trend over land than over ocean. However, the intensity of the summer monsoon in East Asia shows a statistically significant upward trend over this century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast between East Asia and the western North Pacific would become larger, which, in turn, would lead to larger sea level pressure gradients throughout East Asia and extending to the adjacent ocean.

Behavior of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai in the East China Sea and East/Japan Sea during the summer of 2005: A numerical model approach using a particle-tracking experiment

The contribution of physical processes in the distribution of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai in the northern East China (ECS) Yellow (YS) and East/Japan (EJS) seas in summer 2005 was simulated by a Lagrangian particle-tracking experiment based on ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System). The particles representing jellyfish were released in the western YS between the Shandong Peninsula and the Changjiang River mouth from May to July 2005, and then tracked. Particles released in May–June in the Changjiang mouth moved mostly east-northeastward to the Korea/Tsushima Strait, and thereafter they moved to the Tsugaru Strait along the west coast of Japan from summer to fall. About 80% of the particles entered the EJS in this period. However, most of the particles from the northern Changjiang distributed in the YS, drifting anticlockwise, and thus only about 13% of the total particles entered the EJS area. The particle-tracking analysis shows that the observed distributions of the giant jellyfish in the northern ECS and EJS are quite similar to those of particles driven by wind forcing and ambient along-shelf currents in this area. The results with and without wind conditions differ fundamentally. With wind forcing, the eastward summer movement of the particles was enhanced; this determined the spatial distribution pattern of the particles and jellyfish in the waters around the Korean Peninsula. Moreover the particle distribution over time strongly suggests the Changjiang mouth as one of the jellyfish seeding places. The results show that a particle-tracking experiment can be used to determine jellyfish drift and that wind forcing and along-shelf currents are the factors determining the distribution.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEW PHAONIA MINUTIUNGULA‐GROUP FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

Abstract This paper describes two new species of Phaonia from Northerneast China, P. minutiungula sp. nov., P. heilongshanensis sp. nov., belonging to a new P. minutiungula‐group. The type specimens are kept in Shenyang Normal College.

Study of the characteristics of crustal stress field in East China by inversion of nodal-plane data

We combine a search procedure with an optimization procedure to invert for the average stress tensor and apply this method to the study of the crustal stress field using the data from nodal plane solutions of P wave first motion. From the analysis of data from Haicheng, Tangshan, Xingtai, Anyang, Liyang, Taiwan, Fujian and Guangdong, we have obtained the characteristics of the crustal stress field of East China: the directions of the principal pressure stress always possess a small dip angle but the azimuths vary from ENE (in northern East China) to ESE (in the southern part). This pattern is probably related to the effects of convergence of the northwestern Pacific plate from the east-northeast and the Philippine plate from the east-southeast.

Climatic comparison of Miocene pollen floras from northern East-China and south-central Alaska, USA

The Shanwang area of Shandong, China (lat. 36.5°N) and the Nenana coal field, southern central Alaska (lat. 63.9°N) have very different vegetation and climate types today. However, during the late-early to early-middle Miocene, pollen floras of the two areas were rather similar. Though they represent different subregions of deciduous forest vegetation, more than half the genera and families of the two floras are held in common, and some trees with modern Asian affinities appear in both fossil floras. Pollen and leaf data imply that during the first half of the Miocene the fossil floras of south central Alaska were closely related to those in northeastern Asia. A summer-wet climate existed at both fossil locations. The Shanwang flora records a mean annual temperature (MAT) about like that of the present (about 13°C), but winters were warmer (probably above zero). In contrast we estimate that the Alaskan Suntrana flora records a MAT of 7–9°C, about 10–12°C warmer than now; winters (average probably higher than −5 to −11°C) were considerably warmer, and summers (average probably 16–18°C) were somewhat warmer. The difference in MAT between sites 27° in latitude apart suggests a latitudinal temperature gradient of about or less than 0.3°C per degree latitude. By comparison the average latitudinal temperature gradient for the Northern Hemisphere between latitude 35° and 65° is about 0.7°C, at least twice as steep as that for the early to middle Miocene interval at these sites. The comparatively low temperature gradient is a quantitative estimate of warmth in the north polar region in the early Neogene.

Paleoecology of a Miocene flora from the Shanwang formation, Shandong province, northern East China

Abstract The Shanwang Formation, which is late Early to early Middle Miocene based on radiometric dates and vertebrate fossils, was deposited in a small intermontane lake basin (N. Lat. 36.5°) and contains a rich assemblage of plant and animal fossils. The chief plant families represented by pollen taxa are Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Ulmaceae, Hamamelidaceae and Pinaceae. The combined pollen and leaf data indicate that the Miocene vegetation of the Shanwang area was mixed deciduous and evergreen broad‐leaved forest with a humid warm‐temperate to subtropical climate. In contrast, the modern vegetation is a deciduous broadleaved forest, that contains very few subtropical elements. The average annual temperature at Shanwang was similar to that of today. The main difference between the modern and Miocene climates is that the annual temperature range has increased (colder winters), and precipitation which was evenly distributed is now highly seasonal (winter dry). A comparison between the fossil polle...