Part I: The Tokugawa Period 1. Hayashi Razan (1583-1657) and Hayashi Gaho (1618-80): Founders of Modern Historical Scholarship 2. Dai Nihon Shi [History of Great Japan] 3. Arai Hakuseki (1657-1725) and Yamagata Banto (1748-1821): Pure Rationalism 4. Date Chihiro (1802-77): Taisei Santen Ko [Three Stages in the History of Japan] 5. The Resistance of National Scholars Part II: The Modern Century 6. European Influences on Meiji Historical Writing 7. The Beginnings of Academic History 8. The Kume Kunitake Incident, 1890-2 9. The Development of Academic History 10. The Southern and Northern Courts Controversy, 1911 11. Eminent Historians in the 1930s: The Betrayal of Scientific History 12. The Commission of Inquiry into Historical Sites Related to Emperor Jinmu, 1940 13. Tsuda Sokichi (1873-1961): An Innocent on the Loose Epilogue: Historical Scholarship, Education, and Politics in Postwar Japan