Northeastern Territories Research Articles

Bioecological Characterization of Nematode Distribution Among Livestock in the North-Eastern Territories of the Lesser Caucasus of Azerbaijan Republic

Helminthological studies of sheep and goats were conducted in the northeastern territories of the Lesser Caucasus of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2013-2022. The northeastern areas of the Lesser Caucasus include Ganja and Goygeli, Dashkesan, Geranboy, Naftalan, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz, Agstafa, Gazakh and Kadabek districts, as well as the areas around the Kura and Jeyranchel rivers, which are wintering places of livestock farms. This process plays a special role in the formation of helminth fauna of animals, as small horned livestock farms in these areas lead a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle. As a result of helminthological research 52 species of helminths, including 43 species of nematodes were identified. Of these, 7 species are indicated for the study region for the first time. All detected nematode species were registered in sheep, while only 26 species were found in goats, which are common to the sheep helminth fauna. These helminth species can be considered as permanent elements of the helminthofaunistic complex of livestock production in the studied region. It was found that young sheep and goats are relatively heavily infested with helminths. Infestation is higher in late spring — early summer and early fall. For this purpose, 957 sheep and 619 goats were examined for nematode pathogens in different landscape-ecological zones of the region by the method of complete helminthological autopsy according to K. I. Skryabin. Some species of helminths are absent in the studied animals before driving them to summer pastures but are observed in them after their return to wintering. Animals become infected by ingesting larvae or mature helminth eggs on summer pastures. -

Mechanics of Rainfall-Induced Landslides after a Prolonged Dry Period Based on Laboratory Tests and Numerical Models Incorporating Soil-Water Characteristic Curves

In India, particularly within its Northeastern territories, landslides triggered by rainfall following dry periods are a major concern, consistently causing extensive damage to both life and infrastructure. This study focuses on mitigating their impact through preemptive measures, with an emphasis on analyzing slope stability to determine critical intervention points. The investigation includes experimental tests on soil samples to assess key parameters, such as soil matric suction and unconfined compressive strength, alongside an analysis of slope failures during the 2017 monsoon in Mizoram’s Lunglei district. Employing Soil-Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) derived from ASTM D5298-10 standards and a microwave drying technique for preparing soil samples, the research evaluates the condition of the slopes before and after monsoonal rains. This study utilizes a blend of numerical modeling and empirical laboratory investigations to explore the factors contributing to slope instability. The findings underscore the necessity of advanced landslide warning systems, suggesting that a deeper understanding of rainfall-induced slope failures could significantly enhance disaster preparedness and reduce potential damages.

Bioecological Characteristics of Parasites Infecting Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) in Azerbaijan

In the northeastern territories of Azerbaijan, where the American white butterfly (Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773)) is prevalent, research has identified nine parasite species that target this particular pest. Included in this group are two species from the Braconidae family: Apanteles plutellaeKurdjumov, 1912 and Meteorus versicolor(Wesmael, 1835); a single species from the Ichneumonidae family, Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus, 1758); four species from the Chalcididae family: Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835), Brachymeria intermedia(Nees, 1834), Conomorium patulum(Walker, 1835) and Pteromalus spp.; along with two species from the Tachinidae family: Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824). The parasitic complex of the American fall webworm in the northeastern regions of Azerbaijan has been formed, in particular, we were able to discover and study the bioecological characteristics of the above-mentioned species: adult life duration, average productivity, preimaginal development (in days), percentage of females, average generation duration (in days). In populations of the American fall webworm, Psychophagus omnivorus and Exorista larvarum are of greatest importance as entomophages, capable of destroying phytophage pupae. These parasites are effective species in management of the American fall webworm population and can be used as biological control agents.

DISTRIBUTION REGULATIONS AND LIFE FORMS OF THE SPECIES OF THE BERBERIDACEAE JUSS. FAMILY WHICH ARE DISTRIBUTED IN THE NAKCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OVER ALTITUDE ZONES

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is part of Azerbaijan, has unique physical and geographical conditions. The total length of the border lines of the autonomous republic, located in the south west of the Lesser Caucasus, is 398 km. The main plain of the Autonomous Republic, 2/3 of which is mountainous and 1/3 is plain, is Araz-Long Plain, which in turn is divided into Ordubad, Nakhchivan, Sharur, Sadarak and other small Plains. Due to the fact that the territory of Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic consists of mountainous and lowland areas, the vegetation cover was formed in accordance with these conditions. The north-eastern territories of the autonomous republic, being part of the high mountain belt, cover heights of more than 2500 meters, and the Alpine and subalpine meadows of the Zangazur and Daralayaz ranges included here cover large areas. Plants belonging to the family Berberidaceae Juss. are distributed mainly in the middle and lower mountain belts, sometimes in the upper mountain belt, Alpine and subalpine belts on dry slopes, clayey, salty soils, Stony-gravel areas, as well as in arable land, field and grounds. In the article berberidaceae juss. The distribution of plants belonging to the family in the height zones, life forms have been studied and it has been determined that the species belonging to this family are most common in the middle and low mountain zones. Keywords: low mountain belt, barberry, height belts, shrub, Berberis vulgaris L., biological spectrum, distribution pattern.

Mycorrhizal status of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels in northeastern of Morocco

The argan tree, an endemic species in Morocco, has been exhaustively studied in its southwestern range but neglected in its northeastern territory. Thus, the present study sets as objectives the identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the evaluation of the argan tree’s roots’ mycorrhization level in two stations: one in the region of Béni Snassène (Berkane): Jebel Takermine with 7 prospected sites and the other at Jebel Aklim Alkabir with 2 sites. At the first station (Jebel Takermine), the mycorrhizal frequency of Argania spinosa roots varied between 64% and 100% with the root mycorrhizal intensity in the range of 30.77% and 66%. The arbuscular contents are higher at sites 2 (50.46%), 4 (50.33%), 7 (39.44%) and 1 (30.5%) against 18% and 20% at sites 6, 5 and 3. Argan trees from Jbel Aklim Alkbir, exhibited a high mycorrhization frequency and intensity ranging from 88% to 100% and between 39.4% and 73.4% respectively. Regarding arbuscular and vesicular rates, the highest values were associated to the roots of site 1 with 59.3% and 29.4% respectively compared to the lowest rates of 20% and 14% in those of site 2. Spore densities in the rhizosphere of the studied argan trees in the two stations were in the range of 78 and 697 spores/100 g of soil. The identification of isolated mycorrhizal spores revealed the presence of 28 species encompassing 7 genera: Acaulospora, Dentiscutata Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Glomus, Rhizophagus, Pacispora, and 5 Families: Glomeraceae (7 species), Acaulosporaceae (10 species), Pacisporaceae (2 species), Claroideoglomeraceae (2 species), Gigasporaceae (1 species).

Foreign Concessions in Developing Natural Resources of Northeastern RSFSR in 1920s

This article examines the establishment of the state concession policy in the USSR during the 1920s, focusing on its objectives and principles, as well as its expansion into the northeastern regions of the Soviet state. The natural resources of the northeastern territories of Russia had attracted the attention of foreign concessionaires since prerevolutionary times, who established a network of trading representations for the procurement and export of furs, mammoth bones, fish, and various raw materials. In the 1920s, the Soviet state conducted significant work to prepare and approve legislative acts regulating concession activities and aimed at strengthening state influence over them. Special bodies were created to address these issues, including foreign trade departments (Vneshtorg), concession commissions (concesscom), and planning commissions. Through agreements between the Soviet government and foreign companies, concession activities began to yield practical results from the mid1920s. The principles on which it was based aimed to direct foreign economic relations towards the reconstruction of the country's economy. Overall, it can be concluded that the concession policy pursued by the USSR in the 1920s proved successful, playing a significant role in the reconstruction of the national economy after the civil war.

Forest Fire Risk Zone Mapping in Mizoram Using RS and GIS

In recent years, India’s Northeastern territory has been plagued by wildfires. Mizoram, as per FSI, has been among the most affected regions, with approximately 20,744-recorded wildfires. Forest fire directly or indirectly affects human health, climate change, and the environment. The forest fire risk zonation is generated utilizing remote sensing data, and Geographic Information System based on specified physical and socioeconomic factors. As part of the current study, a Geographical Information System is employed to determine forest fire risk based on predetermined physical and socioeconomic parameters. This study used three distinct models of fire risk zonation index namely FRI (Fire Risk Index), HFI (Hybrid Fire Index), and SFI (Structural Fire Index) to identify the zones in the study area under the risk of forest fires. The Indian state of Mizoram is categorized into five distinct hazard zones based on the probability of wildfire incidents. Fire alerts generated using risk models, and real-time hotspot datasets (forest fire spots) received from MODIS and USGS have been validated. According to the study’s findings, 18.84 km2 of the study area is at low risk of forest fire, 11.072 km2 is at moderate risk, and 5.38 km2 is at high risk. The probability from each metric varies since the input and weightage of the different parameters vary from one another. SFI, therefore, therefore predicts a lower frequency of high-risk wildfire-prone zones than HFI and FRI. In this research, the coefficient of discrimination (R2) is employed to assess the reliability of the projected fire indices being compared with real-time hot spots. Here, FRI possesses the highest accuracy (R2=0.892), HFI has moderate accuracy (R2=0.676), and FRI has the lowest accuracy (R2=0.629).

Litter Deposition and Nutrient Cycling of Invaded Environments by Cryptostegia madagascariensis at Tropical Cambisols from Northeastern Brazil

Cryptostegia madagascariensis is an invasive plant species that covers 11% of the Brazilian northeastern territory, but its role on the litter trait in tropical ecosystems remains unclear. Here, we analyzed and compared the litter deposition, litter nutrient content, soil organic matter, and the litter decay rate from invaded and non-invaded environments by C. madagascariensis at a tropical Cambisol. The PCA analysis revealed that litter deposition, litter quality, and soil organic matter were correlated with the invaded environment. We grew plant species in greenhouse conditions to obtain a standard litter material to use in our litter bags in field conditions. We found that litter decay rate was higher in the invaded environment than in the non-invaded one. Our results suggest that C. madagascariensis changes litter traits in tropical ecosystems that in turn create negative plant–soil feedback to the native species by creating a physical barrier on soil surface and to promote its own rhizosphere.

Images of north-east Asia in expeditional and author's photo projects: strategies for visualization of research objects in the II half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century

Yakutia is a region, where 40% of territories are located in the Arctic zone; it belongs to a geographic zone with extreme natural and climatic conditions, where traditional types of farming continue to prevail. Today, the modern processes in the field of ethnic selfidentification and revival take place in it considering its geopolitical significance, as well as the study of their historical past, and are of particular relevance, where not the last role is played by visual and anthropological resources that are currently preserved in institutions of historical memory (museums, libraries, archives). The visual image becomes a key unified means of influence. Using the example of the Yakutsk region, the article examines the aspect of the visual development of the north-eastern territories of the Russian Empire as a form of scientific knowledge developed by Russian academic science in the process of their study. The systematic use of artistic practices (pictorial recording, photography) in the scientific and methodological tools of the research carried out subsequently had a great practical result, and had formed an impressive layer of visual anthropological materials. The paper examines the main visual images representing a multi-ethnic region.

Model of Causal Relationship Affecting Value-oriented Marketing Strategy of Local Souvenirs in the Lower Northeastern Territory of Thailand

: The survey and development research were designed to investigate the elements influencing the valueoriented marketing strategy of local souvenirs in Thailand's lower northeastern territory. Structural equation model analysis was used to statistically examine the data (SEM). According to the research findings, the value-oriented marketing strategy of local souvenirs was practically applicable at a high level (X = 4.420). The generated model on souvenirs was created consistently and fitly with empirical data, and the developed model had a good and acceptable degree of prediction at 92.70%. At a statistical significance of 0.05, the causal link revealed that the perceived value of local souvenirs, attitudes toward local souvenirs, and kinds of local souvenirs are related to the value-oriented marketing strategy of local souvenirs.

Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Arunachal Pradesh: Opportunities and Challenges

Bio-geographically, Arunachal Pradesh is the wealthiest province of the entire Himalayas. The picturesque terra firma full of natural beauty and rich cultural opulence, in its entirety, falls under the eastern Himalayan landscape. This north eastern territory of the country was previously called “Terra Incognita” till the beginning of the 20th Century, and hitherto remains one of the least studied states in India today. The state’s socio-economic development is currently in a transitional phase with variations across different districts. Considering the quality of social capital available, there is a dire need to emphasise proper resource flow and foster an understanding of the importance of the existent social capital. It may be noted that entrepreneurs are powerful instruments of development and economic change. So, panacea in the long term is the promotion of social innovation and entrepreneurship, which will give momentum to the State’s developmental agenda and address the state’s social issues. Indeed requires a motivating ecosystem which prioritises essential skills and innovation and adopts a fresh, sustainable view of resources and technology. Therefore, the present paper explores the prospects of social innovation and entrepreneurship in the state with particular reference to contemporary social concerns adopting a practice-based approach.

Геоекологічний аналіз і оцінка території Чернігівської області

The main purpose of the geoecological research of Chernihiv region is a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the ecological state of geosystems in terms of human needs. Based on the analysis of natural features of geosystems of Chernihiv region and their geochemical properties, differences in self-cleaning ability of landscapes were revealed. The relatively high potential for removal of hazardous substances is peculiar to the elevated dissected landscapes of the southeastern and northeastern parts of the region. The landscapes of the Dnieper and Desna Polissya and the Northern region of the Dnieper terrace plain account for the greatest share of areas with low potential for pollutants removal. Anthropogenic impact on the environment of Chernihiv region is quite significant and diverse in type, intensity, and territorial distribution. The consequences of this impact are radioactive contamination of the western and northeastern parts of the region, high level of air pollution in cities, unsatisfactory ecological state of groundwater, especially in Chernihiv Polissya, degradation of land resources. Based on the analysis of the ecological state of individual natural components, the integrated indicator of pollution of geosystems of the administrative districts (as of the year 2019) of Chernihiv region was determined and its western and northeastern territories are defined to have the most severe ecological situation in the region. As a result of a correlation analysis between the indicators of environmental pollution of Chernihiv region and the state of public health, it was found that the radioactive contamination of the territory by 137Cs has the greatest influence on the morbidity of the region’s population. It causes high incidence rates of the endocrine system, blood and hematopoietic organs diseases. This feature should be considered when developing environmental policy of the region.

МІСЦЕ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ПРАВОСЛАВНОЇ ЦЕРКВИ В СТРУКТУРІ ІМПЕРСЬКОЇ ВЛАДИ: ЗОЛОТООРДИНСЬКА ПАРАДИГМА

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) has its origins in the establishment of the Golden Horde occupation authorities in the north-eastern territories of Kievan Rus. At this time, the Kyiv metropolitanate of the Patriarchate of Constantinople was faced with a choice: «with whom to be?» — with the invaders, or with their own people. The vast majority of its clergy and laity are Kyiv, Chernihiv, Pereyaslav, Halych-Volyn, and others. principality) chose the path of struggle for independence, and the other (Vladimir, Suzdal, Moscow) — close cooperation and obedience to the new government. The rulers of the Golden Horde themselves were guided by the laws of Iasi, with its postulates about the divine essence of the ruler, and local beliefs (including Orthodoxy) were pragmatically used in their own interests. Instead, the clergy and church property fell under the direct subordination of the khan, and the faithful service of the hierarchs was supported by labels — personalized privileges. In this context, a conscious choice was made to serve the Horde by Metropolitans Kirill and Maxim, who adapted church norms to the requirements of the authorities, built infrastructure, established new dioceses, including the capital, in Sarai-Batu, and so on. The latter was demonstratively translated, ie expropriated, from Pereyaslav, Dnieper, with a corresponding change of name to Saraisk. In the Horde, the ROC became part of the state mechanism for managing the occupied territories and population, participating in the redistribution of power, property and resources. Methods of terror, spiritual violence, denationalization, etc. were used for everyday use, and bribes and access to looted and official success were used to recruit the faithful. Since then, the discourse of lies and deception has also been adopted as the defining communicative strategy. These Golden Horde archetypes have formed a strategic paradigm for the functioning of the ROC as an integral part of imperial power, which it is trying to implement in modern conditions. A clear confirmation of this is the participation of the ROC in promoting the ideas of the «Russian world» and direct participation in the establishment of occupation regimes in the Crimea and ORDLO.

Planning of areas in the vicinity of large industrial plants

Planning space around large industrial plants affects urban development and significantly impacts the integration of industrial areas with a city’s structure. Large industrial plants act as functional and spatial barriers within the urban fabric. Their immediate areas undergo transformation and are currently becoming sites of various uses. New manufacturing technologies limit the nuisance caused by industry and the siting of plants aids in using the areas around them. The objective of this paper is t present an analysis of the transformation of the existing function-spatial structure, transport layout and compositional relations in the vicinity of selected large industrial plants in Kraków and Skawina. The study covered areas around the north-eastern territory of the Metallurgy Plant in Kraków and selected industrial plants in Skawina. This study was based on original analyses of the existing functio-spatial structure, compositional relationships and transport accessibility. The form of development of areas adjacent to large industrial plants was found to be a product of local determinants. Compositional relationships and functional linkages affected the quality of the space and its visual reception, which in many cases is a natural urban development reserve. Due to the specificity of industrial areas, concentrations of vehicular traffic and dominance within space, it may prove interesting to develop a dedicated form of development for areas near large industrial plants. This form would have to shield against possible nuisances while also offering the potential for a new, attractive and diverse functio-spatial structure. The transformation of and the problems present in these areas are distinctive of many cities in Poland and around the world and require new, cohesive planning principles.

Котлы и клады Среднего Енисея эпохи раннего железа

Purpose. The article dwells upon discoveries of cauldrons and buried treasures of the Early Iron Age on the territory of the Middle Yenisei region. The work contains a review of such main recent discoveries and an analysis of different variants of occurrence of cauldrons in the buried treasures of the Paleometal Epoch. They include self-containment of a cauldron hidden as part of the buried treasure; a cauldron as one of the containers for the buried treasure items; integral small-sized cauldrons as part of the buried treasure object set; pieces of cauldrons as part of the buried treasures. Results. The authors developed a map of 21 buried treasures on the territory of the Middle Yenisei region, whose object set included cauldrons. It allowed identifying a territorial uniqueness of location of cauldrons being part of ‘accidental’ discoveries as well as buried treasures. The archaeological microzoning approach enabled to define several compact areas that were characterized by multiple discoveries of buried treasures with cauldrons. One of them is the northeastern territories of the Middle Yenisei. This is the middle course of the Kan river valley in the vicinity of Terskoe village. Other areas of localization of finds of cauldrons are located in the northwest – from the Kosogolskie lakes to the middle course of the Iyus river. The same can be said about the presence of the distribution of such finds in the southern territory. It is localized mainly from the Askiz steppe and to the left bank of the Yenisei river in this area. The analysis of object sets focused on identification of repeated sets of items (mirrors, axes, belt fixtures, jewelry) in buried treasures that included cauldrons. Conclusion. The publication puts forward a hypothesis concerning the potential of using cauldrons as a buried treasure container in terms of its dating range. Based on the contents of buried treasures that included cauldrons, relative chronological lines of these object sets from the Scythian to the Xiongnu and Xianbei time for the Middle Yenisei region was proposed.

УРБОГЕНЕЗ ПІВДЕННО-СХІДНОГО ПОРУБІЖЖЯ УКРАЇНИ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

Дослідження феномена порубіжності становить великий інтерес для вчених різних галузей знань, зокрема, ці питання є важливими і для географів. Особливої актуальності ця тема набуває з посилен- ням геополітичних викликів, які постають перед українською державою. Пошук шляхів суспільної трансформації міст українського порубіжжя є невідкладним через спроби зовнішніх сил, передусім Росії, підтримувати рухи та політиків, які протиставляють регіональну ідентичність ідентичності наці- ональній. Саме південно-східні території виділяються неоднорідністю економічного та соціального розвитку, строкатими ціннісними орієнтирами та динамічними процесами індустріалізації. Основна мета цього дослідження – крізь призму ретроспективного аналізу виявити сукупність факторів, що впливали на формування ідентичності населення промислових міст порубіжжя пів- денного сходу України, зокрема міст Донбасу та Приазов’я. Саме ці міста заслуговують на чималу увагу, адже розташовуються у сучасній зоні поєднання різних типів фронтирів: культурного, полі- тичного, військового. Урбогенезис на території степового порубіжжя, як і розвиток промисловості, значною мірою був зумовлений мілітарними чинниками і відбувався нееволюційним шляхом. У період між 1770 і 1990 роками дослідники виділяють чотири хвилі урбогенезу, коли більшість міських поселень з’я- вилась саме на порубіжжях – у південній та східній частинах сучасної України. Основною метою такого стрімкого розвитку мережі міст була потреба максимального наближення баз військового забезпечення до театру воєнних дій в часи, коли Російська імперія активно розширювала свою вій- ськову присутність у Причорномор’ї та Центральній Європі. Саме Донбас з його покладами вугілля та близькістю до ареалів зосередження руд металів став пріоритетним регіоном для такої ролі. Домінування монофункціональних промислових міст і містечок, які почали своє існування як корпоративні міста і все ще залишаються осередками законсервованої радянськості, патерналізму та ностальгії, значною мірою гальмує економічну та суспільно-політичну трансформацію цілого регіону. Саме через порубіжність та стрімку індустріалізацію сформувалася специфічна ідентич- ність населення міст південно-східних територій України, зокрема Донбасу та Приазов’я, з роз- митими національними рисами та слабкою укоріненістю на території.

The Absent Rus' Land and Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi

After the Mongol conquest of the 13th century, the Kyivan myth of the “Rus' Land” played a less important role in the east Slavic lands that came under the control of Poland or Lithuania than in the northeastern territory that came to constitute Muscovy. Galicia, which belonged to Poland, became known administratively as the Rus' Land. The Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicles revived the concept in the Ruthenian lands incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In these chronicles, Rus' Land referred to all of Kyivan Rus' historically, but could denote all the Ruthenian territories in the Grand Duchy, or only those in Belarusian regions, or only those in Ukrainian regions in the post-Kyivan period. In addition, the Belarusian-Lithuanian Chronicles borrowed passages from northeastern Rus' chronicles in which the Rus' Land meant northeastern Rus' or Muscovy. In the text of the Union of Lublin, the Rus' Land connoted the four borderland palatinates annexed by Poland after the Union of Lublin. The Rus' Land also occasionally appeared in other sources. However, Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi and the mid-seventeenth century Cossacks did not invoke the term to legitimize their new polity, thus discarding an element of the Kyivan inheritance. In Ukraine, this discontinuity of the Rus' Land myth has not been appreciated and remains unexplained.

An Analysis of Manhan huangyu shanhe diming kao 滿漢皇輿山河地名考 — A Bilingual Manchu and Chinese Study of Mountain and River Toponyms of the Imperial Territories

Manhan huangyu shanhe diming kao 滿漢皇輿⼭山河地名考 A Study of Mountain and River Toponyms of the Imperial Territories is a Manchu and Chinese bilingual manuscript on geography in the collection of the National Library of China. It is a collection of toponyms covering the northeastern territory of the Qing and includes a brief description of the military achievements before the Manchu conquest of the central plains. In this paper I argue that this text is closely related to the Shengjing Jilin Heilongjiang deng chu biaozhu zhanji yutu 盛京吉林黑龍江等處標注戰跡輿圖 Map of Military Deeds in Shengjing, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and that its dating on the title page to the Qianlong gengchen nian 乾隆庚辰年 white dragon year of Qianlong (1760) is not actually the date of this manuscripts composition. The phrase of huangyu (the imperial territories) refers in the context of this work to the territory of the Qing before 1644.

Transboundary regions of East Asia: geographical and political preconditions and limitations to long-term development

The contradictory integrity of globalization and regionalization processes in the modern world has been embodied in the formation of specific spatial areas – multiscale cross-border regions, whose functioning and development are determined both by the interactions between neighboring countries and by the totality of external geopolitical and geoeconomic circumstances. The article is devoted to the factors and features of cross-border processes and socio-economic development within one of the largest and most dynamic structures of modern Eurasia – the Greater Macro-Region of East Asia, embracing the northeastern and eastern territories of Russia, eastern China, Japan, and both Korean republics, Vietnam, and a number of other countries facing the seas of the northwestern Pacific. The integrity of this vast and very heterogeneous macro-region ranging from Chukotka to the Philippine Sea is based on relatively stable cross-border relations, which, in turn, are one of the determinants of these territories’ development. The role of geographical prerequisites (geographical location, climatic conditions, natural resources of land and sea) and geopolitical factors (geopolitical location and crossborder features) in the long-term development of this macro-region is assessed. It is shown that both favorable and negative prerequisites are associated with the cross-border nature of the integrated geosystems, including the marine ecosystems. Various types of cross-border regions with two-, three-, and four-link territorial segments belonging to different countries have been identified. The geopolitical potential of countries and regions is assessed, and the zones of geopolitical tension are revealed.

Epidemiological scenario of dengue in the state of Manipur during the last 3 years.

BackgroundThe study of disease transmission of dengue fever (DF) is perplexing in the Indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circling. Also, there is no efficient epidemiological examination done on dengue cases in Manipur, a north-eastern territory of India.MethodWe utilized the dengue information extricated from the lab register of Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) from 2016 to 2018. All presumed outpatient and inpatients dengue cases from open and private health-care facilities are incorporated into the VRDL database whose informed consent were gotten.ResultsA sum of 1689 instances of associated patients with dengue infection was tried for dengue ELISA test and 272 (16.10%) samples were seen as seropositive. The month-wise conveyance of dengue cases is very intriguing as the three years of study demonstrates a variation design in perception. In all the three years dengue seropositive cases were seen higher in the male populace. Be that as it may, there is no noteworthy incentive to the inspiration of dengue seropositive towards male than female.ConclusionOur examination exhibits a comparative epidemiological investigation on seroprevelance of dengue in the province of Manipur for three years. This is an endeavour to show epidemiological dengue seroprevelance in the territory of Manipur which in future would be a reference from general wellbeing worries for making up essential move intend to shorten the spread of dengue.