Northeastern Part Of China Research Articles

Youthful ambivalence towards a good life: rhetorical anxieties as affective vacillations in Hegang

ABSTRACT This study revisits the concept of anxiety and affective dimensions through an analysis of social media related to affordable housing property in Hegang, a small city located in the northeastern part of China. We build on Calum Matheson’s reconceptualization of anxiety as arising from networks of affective investment along with Sara Ahmed’s concept of the sociality of emotions and Lauren Berlant’s notion of cruel optimism. The essay sees rhetorical anxieties as affective vacillations from constant adaptions to an impasse caused by the polarizing effect of a rising neoliberal order, manifested as shifted orientations toward objects of desire and happiness. Constant vacillations may lead to a state of restlessness where anxiety is sedimented to routines and thus recedes to the background, making anxiety ambivalent in shape and unpredictable in trajectory. Viewing rhetorical anxieties as affective vacillations offers insights into their manifestations as anxious encounters and constant affective (re)investments. This reimagination of anxiety has implications on both theoretical inquiries of rhetorical anxieties as affects and practical understandings of the rise of the recent youth counternarratives in China.

Spatio-temporal detection of agricultural disaster vulnerability in the world and implications for developing climate-resilient agriculture

Drought and floods seriously affect agriculture across the world. It is of great importance to lower down the agricultural vulnerability to disasters to build climate-resilient agriculture. The paper aims to investigate the spatio-temporal changes of agricultural vulnerability to drought and floods in the world in the period 2003–2019. Research results show that (1) the agricultural vulnerability to drought and floods is at a low level across the globe owning to the dual effects of decreasing exposure and increasing adaptability; (2) the northern parts of United States, northeastern parts of China, and the border between Russia and Kazakhstan are identified as most vulnerable areas to drought and floods; and (3) spatio-temporal mismatch of precipitation is the main factor to cause floods and drought while better adaption is beneficial to minimize the adverse effects of disasters. Based on analysis on the drivers and spatial patterns of drought and floods risk in all dimensions, tailored measures and policies are put forwards to make adaptive strategies of agriculture to climate change.

Trans-Boundary Dust Transport of Dust Storms in Northern China: A Study Utilizing Ground-Based Lidar Network and CALIPSO Satellite

During 14–16 March 2021, a large-scale dust storm event occurred in the northern region of China, and it was considered the most intense event in the past decade. This study employs observation data for PM2.5 and PM10 from the air quality monitoring station, the HYSPLIT model, ground-based polarized Lidar networks, AGRI payload data from Fengyun satellites and CALIPSO satellite Lidar data to jointly explore and scrutinize the three-dimensional spatial and temporal characteristics of aerosol transport. Firstly, by integrating meteorological data for PM2.5 and PM10, the air quality is assessed across six stations within the Lidar network during the dust storm. Secondly, employing a backward trajectory tracking model, the study elucidates sources of dust at the Lidar network sites. Thirdly, deploying a newly devised portable infrared 1064 nm Lidar and a pulsed 532 nm Lidar, a ground-based Lidar observation network is established for vertical probing of transboundary dust transport within the observed region. Finally, by incorporating cloud imagery from Fengyun satellites and CALIPSO satellite Lidar data, this study revealed the classification of dust and the height distribution of dust layers at pertinent sites within the Lidar observation network. The findings affirm that the eastward movement and southward compression of the intensifying Mongolian cyclone led to severe dust storm weather in western and southern Mongolia, as well as Inner Mongolia, further transporting dust into northern, northwestern, and northeastern parts of China. This dust event wielded a substantial impact on a broad expanse in northern China, manifesting in localized dust storms in Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Gansu, and surrounding areas. In essence, the dust emanated from the deserts in Mongolia and northwest China, encompassing both deserts and the Gobi region. The amalgamation of ground-based and spaceborne Lidar observations conclusively establishes that the distribution height of dust in the source region ranged from 3 to 5 km. Influenced by high-pressure systems, the protracted transport of dust over extensive distances prompted a gradual reduction in its distribution height owing to sedimentation. The comprehensive analysis of pertinent research data and information collectively affirms the precision and efficacy of the three-dimensional aerosol monitoring conducted by the ground-based Lidar network within the region.

Spatio-temporal evolution of the resilience of Chinese border cities.

In China, border cities are developing in the direction of trade, investment, tourism, and regional diversification and becoming crucial for the national opening-up strategy and inter-regional exchange. In this study, we construct a comprehensive system for measuring and evaluating the resilience of border cities in China that also reveals the spatial and temporal characteristics of resilience. Three representative sample zones (Northeast, Northwest, and Southwest) are selected within the three major regions of China to analyze the regional differences in border city resilience and propose targeted coping strategies. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the spatial distribution of resilience in Chinese border cities varies significantly, with the overall resilience decreasing in the following order: Northeast China > Southwest China > Northwest China > North China > Tibetan China. Higher resilience of border cities is predominantly related to better economic foundations and advantages in border trade. Second, the resilience of China's border cities has increased significantly over the past decade, with highly resilient border cities concentrated in the northeastern part of China, the northern part of Xinjiang, and Guangxi Province. Moreover, high resilience generally spreads to surrounding low-resilience cities over time. Third, the spatial distribution and development trends of resilience levels differ among the three sample zones. Therefore, it is crucial to improve urban resilience according to the regional characteristics of each border city and its specific developmental stage.

Simulated impacts of the wetter arid area of Northwestern China on the energy budget and atmospheric circulation over Tibetan Plateau and central part of North China plain in summer

This paper examines the local and non-local climatic effects of wetter arid areas of Northwestern China (ANWC) in summer using a fully coupled climate model. In response to soil moisture increase, the local air temperature significantly decreases, and precipitation increases in summer. The wetter ANWC results in a warmer and rainless climate over the Central part of North China Plain (CNCP). While the influence of increasing soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) precipitation is negligible due to the high altitude. A cooler climate over ANWC leads to an abnormal descending motion occurring. Meanwhile, an anomalous high pressure and an abnormal anticyclonic circulation occurs in 500 hPa over the west of ANWC. Correspondingly, a huge anomalous cyclone circulation occurs over the northeastern part of China and Mongolia, which can hinder the northward movement of the East Asian summer Monsoon (EASM) and reduce the water vapor transport into Central China Plain. As a result, the weakened EASM thus leads to rainless over CNCP. As soil moisture increases over ANWC is stronger, the magnitudes of the influence on the atmospheric field become larger. This study highlights the wetter ANWC effect on local climate and provides more information about the mechanism of wetter ANWC remote effect on non-local climate.

Analysis of Water Environment Quality Changes and Influencing Factors during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” Period in Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeastern part of China and is the province with the highest latitude in China. As Heilongjiang Province is the most important grain production base in China, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the quality of the ecological environment in Heilongjiang Province, especially the analysis of changes in the quality of the water environment and their driving factors. We studied the changes in the environmental quality of surface water in Heilongjiang Province during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period (2016–2020), and analyzed the surface water for four major pollutants including the permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the change trends of the proportion of the water quality of class I–III and the proportion of the water quality of inferior class V. The results show that the environmental quality of surface water in Heilongjiang Province has improved significantly during the “13th Five-Year Plan”. The analysis of the driving factors of the change of surface water environment quality shows that the population, the primary industry, the tertiary industry and forestry are the main factors affecting the change of water environment quality in Heilongjiang Province.

체육 전공 대학생들의 성취목표성향과 학습몰입 간의 관계 : 긍정심리자본, 자결성 동기의 매개효과

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between achievement goal propensity, positive psychological capital, self-determination motivation, and learning commitment among college students majoring in physical education.BR Methods: 878 college students majoring in physical education at some universities were selected in the northeastern part of China

Empirical dynamic modeling of the association between ambient PM2.5 and under-five mortality across 2851 counties in Mainland China, 1999–2012

BackgroundAmbient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has been associated with mortality from various diseases, however, its association with under-five mortality rate (U5MR) has remained largely unknown. MethodsBased on the U5MR data across 2851 counties in Mainland China from 1999 to 2012, we employed approximate Bayesian latent Gaussian models to assess the association between ambient PM2.5 and U5MR at the county level for the whole nation and sub-regions. GDP growth rate, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature, and night-time light were included as covariates using a smoothing function. We further implemented an empirical dynamic model (EDM) to explore the potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and U5MR. ResultsWe observed a declining trend in U5MR in most counties throughout the study period. Spatial heterogeneity in U5MR was observed. Nationwide analysis suggested that each 10 µg/m3 increase in annual concentration of PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0 – 1.3) per 1000 live births in U5MR. Regional analyses showed that the strongest positive association was located in the Northeastern part of China [1.8 (95% CI: 1.4 – 2.1)]. The EDM showed a significant causal association between PM2.5 and U5MR, with an embedding dimension of 5 and 7, and nonlinear values θ of 4 and 6, respectively. ConclusionChina exhibited a downward trend in U5MR from 1999 to 2012, with spatial heterogeneity observed across the country. Our analysis reveals a positive association between PM2.5 and U5MR, which may support a causal relationship.

Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Problems in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Crops and Its Management

Soybean is a leguminous crop that originated from Southeast Asia, and it was domesticated in the northeastern parts of China. Recently, it has been highly produced in the United States of America, Brazil, and Argentina for cooking oil, protein, fiber and for the manufacturing of plastics, lubricants, candles, varnishes, soaps, and biodiesel. Nevertheless, in warm, moist, sandy soil conditions, its production is highly challenged by soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines). It caused more than 30% of soybean yield loss either alone or associated with other soybean pests under suitable environmental conditions. The second-stage juvenile (J2) of this pest inserted its stylet and penetrated into the cells to get its nourishment, shelter, and reproduction site on the soybean roots. Economically, the damage it caused was highly important because it had a wide host range and lacked adequate management methods. Hence, the reason behind the writing of this chapter is to explore the different published scientific papers related to soybean cyst nematode’s economic importance, distribution, symptoms, biology, life cycle, interaction with other pathogens, different management approaches, and its prospects. This chapter shall also embrace the advanced biotechnological innovations that help in achieving effective soybean cyst nematode management that will mitigate its infections in soybean production and will also serve as an asset for the researchers. This review chapter, in addition, plays a vital role in exploring necessary information concerning soybean cyst nematode management.

ВПЛИВ ЯПОНІЇ НА РОЗВИТОК БРИТАНСЬКО-АМЕРИКАНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН НАПЕРЕДОДНІ ТА НА ПОЧАТКУ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ (1931 – 1940 рр.)

The article examines the relationship between two leading countries – Great Britain and the United States, which had a significant impact on international political situation in the world in 1930s and still have nowadays. As a vector of research, the author takes the factor of the Japanese militaristic regime because of the rather similar current geopolitical situation due to the aggressive actions of Russian Federation. According to this, the author aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and his own assessment of the impact of Japan’s behavior in the international arena on the development of British-American relations in various fields. The chronological boundaries of the study are the period from the Mukden incident ‒ the beginning of Japanese invasion in the north-eastern part of China (September, 1931) to the conclusion of Berlin (Tripartite) Pact between Japan, Italy and Germany (September, 1940). Methodology: the article uses a comparative-historical method to compare and analyze the influence of Japan and Germany on the foreign policy of London and Washington, as well as descriptive method ‒ to identify the essence and features of British-American relations during 1931–1940. The use primarily of a wide base of diplomatic documents, archival sources from the F. D. Roosevelt Digital Library, cabinet papers of the British government allowed the author to apply the systematic approach and the principle of objectivity working with only verified facts and their comprehensive assessment. Scientific novelty: for the first time in Ukrainian historiography the author analyzed and rethought the process of how did Japan’s aggressive actions influence on US-British relations on the eve and beginning of World War II regarding the current geopolitical situation. The author concludes that the leadership of the United States and Great Britain did not realize the threat from Japan in time, that their inconsistent actions only contributed to the rapprochement of Tokyo with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, culminating in the formation of a tripartite military alliance («axis»). According to the author, the ambiguity of the position of London and Washington caused primarily by the struggle for spheres of influence in the Pacific area and trade conflicts between them in general. In view of this, the article emphasizes the need for modern leading states, especially Great Britain and the USA, to take into account the mistakes of the past in order to prevent a repeat of the Japanese scenario in the international arena in future.

Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China

Abstract. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature relieve their limitations on terrestrial ecosystem productivity, while nutrient availability constrains the increasing plant photosynthesis more intensively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical for plant physiological activities and consequently regulate ecosystem productivity. Here, for the first time, we mapped N and P densities and concentrations of leaves, woody stems, roots, litter, and soil in forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across China based on an intensive investigation at 4868 sites, covering species composition, biomass, and nutrient concentrations of different tissues of living plants, litter, and soil. Forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 6803.6 Tg N, with 6635.2 Tg N (97.5 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 27.7 (0.4 %), 57.8 (0.8 %), 71.2 (1 %), and 11.7 Tg N (0.2 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. The forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems in China stored 2806.0 Tg P, with 2786.1 Tg P (99.3 %) fixed in soil (to a depth of 1 m) and 2.7 (0.1 %), 9.4 (0.3 %), 6.7 (0.2 %), and 1.0 Tg P (< 0.1 %) in leaves, stems, roots, and litter, respectively. Our estimation showed that N pools were low in northern China, except in the Changbai Mountains, Mount Tianshan, and Mount Alta, while relatively higher values existed in the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. P densities in vegetation were higher towards the southern and north-eastern part of China, while soil P density was higher towards the northern and western part of China. The estimated N and P density and concentration datasets, “Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China” (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqzx), are available from the Dryad digital repository (Zhang et al., 2021). These patterns of N and P densities could potentially improve existing earth system models and large-scale research on ecosystem nutrients.

Forest fire risk estimation in a typical temperate forest in Northeastern China using the Canadian forest fire weather index: case study in autumn 2019 and 2020.

China's forest cover has increased by approximately 10% as a result of sustainable forest management since the late 1970s. The forest ecosystem area affected by fire is increasing at an alarming rate of approximately 600,000 ha per year. The northeastern part of China, with a forest cover of 41.6%, has the greatest percentage of acres affected by forest fires. This study combines field and satellite weather data to determine factors that influence dead fuel moisture content (FMC). It assesses the use of the Canadian forest fire weather index to determine the daily forest fire danger in a typical temperate forest in Northeastern China during autumn. Based on the Wilcoxon test for paired samples, the observed and predicted values of FMC showed similar variation in eight of eleven sampling sites (72.7%), with a p value > 0.05. Three sampling plots presented lower predicted values of FMC than observed values (27.3%), with a p value < 0.05. The calculation of fire risk using the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Rating System (CFFDRS) in Maoer Mountain forest ecosystems presented low, medium or high risk; thus, the CFFDRS is suitable for determining fire danger in our study region. Along with these results, this study served to compare the use of FMC-metre field data and China Weather Station data to evaluate fire danger. The results of this study led us to suggest the multiplication of meteorological stations in fire-prone regions.

Schisandra chinensis: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and biological activities

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill is a climbing plant widely distributed in the northeastern part of China, Korea, and Japan, and used in traditional Chinese herb as a tonic, antitussive, and sedative agent. This review focuses on the phytochemicals, biological activities and analytical methods, in order to promote further studies on the plant. 202 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant, and the most important are dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and triterpenoids. The isolated compounds of S. chinensis were shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory activities and so on. Further studies should be carried on this plant in order to disclose many more active principles and mechanisms of active components.

The patterns of vascular plant discoveries in China.

Aim(1) To understand geographic patterns of species discovery by examining the effect of growth form, range size, and geographic distribution on discovery probability of vascular plant species in China; (2) to find out which taxa harbor the largest number of undiscovered species and where those species locate; and (3) to find out the determinants of province‐level mean discovery time and inventory completeness.LocationChina.MethodsWe compiled the discovery time and province‐level geographic distributions of ~31,000 vascular plant species described between 1753 and 2013 from Flora of China. We used a Cox proportional hazard model to determine the biological and geographic correlates of discovery probability. Accumulation curves of species discoveries were fitted by a logistic discovery model to estimate inventory completeness of different growth forms and of different provinces. We then used linear regression to identify the determinants of mean discovery time and beta regression to identify the determinants of inventory completeness.ResultsWe found that species with larger range size and distributed in northeastern part of China have a higher discovery probability. Coastal species were discovered earlier than inland species. Trees and shrubs of seed plants have the highest discovery probability while ferns have the lowest discovery probability. Herbs have the largest number of undiscovered species in China. Most undiscovered species will be found in southwest China, where three global biodiversity hot spots locate. Spatial patterns of mean discovery time and inventory completeness are mainly driven by the total number of species, human population density in an area, and latitude and longitude of a province.Main ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors primarily determine the discovery patterns of vascular plants in China. Undiscovered species are most likely to be narrow‐ranged, inconspicuous endemic species such as herbs and ferns, which are prone to extinctions and locate in biodiversity hot spots in southwestern China.

중국 변경도시 하얼빈(哈??)의 ‘문화적 정서’에 대한 연구

The northeastern part of China was a region where plains, mountains, and rivers were harmonized together, rich in resources, and equipped with temperatures and conditions necessary for the survival of mankind, which allowed the population to concentrate and create cities. Among them, Harbin, the border city, is located at the northernmost point of the three northeastern provinces, and has close historical and cultural ties with the Korean Peninsula. Although the East Qing Railway was created by Russia’s economic interests, it was once transformed into an international city due to its geopolitical location and is remembered as a space for revolution and independence movements where many conscious elites gather. Therefore, the harsh winter and dry environment created emotions that could romanticize the environment with a space of blooming superiority and a collection of elites, and a global “Ice Festival” could be conceived based on the romantic sentiment. In addition, Russian-style elegant buildings strengthened the romance of cultural sentiment and added to the unique spirit of the northern horse race, represented by the “Northeast Tiger” making it an irreplaceable “Northeast Temperament.”

Air Quality in East Asia during the heavy haze event period of 10 to 15 January 2013

A prolonged heavy haze event that has caused for the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in Beijing to take emergency measures for the protection of the public health and the reduction of air pollution damages in China has been analyzed with the use of the Aerosol modeling System (AMS) to identify causes of this event. It is found that the heavy haze event is associated with high aerosols and water droplets concentrations. These high aerosol concentrations are mainly composed of anthropogenic aerosols, especially secondary inorganic aerosols formed by gas-to-particle conversion of gaseous pollutants in the eastern part of China whereas those in the northeastern parts of China are composed of the mixture of the anthropogenic aerosols and the Asian dust aerosol originated from the dust source regions of northern China and Mongolia. These high aerosol concentrations are found to be subsequently transported to the downwind regions of the Korean Peninsula and Japan causing a prolonged haze event there. It is also found that the Asian dust aerosol originated from northern China and Mongolia and the anthropogenic aerosols produced by chemical reactions of pollutants in the high emissions region of eastern China can cause significantly adverse environmental impacts in the whole Asian region by increased atmospheric aerosol loadings that may cause respiration diseases and visibility reduction and by excess deposition of aerosols causing adverse impacts on terrestrial and marine eco-systems.

High Genetic Diversity of an Invasive Alien Species: Comparison between Fur-Farmed and Feral American Mink (Neovison vison) in China.

Simple SummaryThe American mink (Neovison vison) is one of the best-known and most widespread invasive species in China and worldwide. To investigate the genetic characteristics and increase comprehension of the invasiveness process for this species, we compared the genetic characteristics of farmed and feral populations in northeastern China using mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite loci. We found a relatively high diversity among the feral populations that was as high as that of the farmed mink. This demonstrated that high genetic diversity promotes the invasiveness and rapid evolution in the wild.Genetic characteristics play an important role in alien species for achieving high adaptation and rapid evolution in a new environment. The American mink (Neovison vison) is one of the best-known and most widespread invasive species that has successfully invaded the Eurasian mainland over quite a short period, including most parts of northeastern China. However, genetic information on farmed and feral American mink populations introduced in China is completely lacking. In this study, we combined mitochondrial DNA sequences and polymorphic microsatellites to examine the genetic divergence and genetic diversity of farmed and feral American mink populations. Our results suggest that there is admixture of individuals of different genetic characteristics between farmed and feral populations of mink. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of both farmed and feral American mink populations was high, and no bottleneck or population expansion was detected in most of the populations. These findings not only highlight the genetic characteristics of American mink in northeastern China but also contribute to the general understanding of the invasiveness of farmed species.

An Assessment of Lake Ecology on the Basis of the Macrobenthos Multi-Metric Index (MMI) in 11 Lakes in the Western Region of Jilin, China

The western region of Jilin Province is located at the northeastern part of China. A large number of lakes are distributed in this region, where is one of five large lake regions within China, supporting both drinking water and agricultural water. The frequent human activities and scarce rainfall in this region have resulted in weaker lake connectivity and enrichment of the pollutants within the lakes. The lake ecosystems in the region have been degraded to varying degrees, and thus it is necessary to assess its ecological health. Macrobenthos multi-metric index (MMI) is a mature ecological health assessment method that has been widely used in the lake ecosystem assessment all over the world. However, it has not been well developed for assessing the lake water ecosystem in China. In this study, 11 lakes affected by human activities to different degrees were selected as the research objects. They were categorized into three types on the basis of trophic level. Through the comparison and screening of different biological indicators among different lake types, we selected appropriate indicators to construct the MMI. Four core indicators were selected from 58 candidate indicators to construct the MMI: the total number of taxa, Simpson index, percentage of Diptera + Mesogastropod, and percentage of pollution-intolerant species. MMI could distinguish lakes that are seriously and slightly disturbed by humans. The results of regression analysis also showed that the degree of lake eutrophication caused by human activities had a significant correlation with MMI, effectively explaining its changes. MMI can characterize the disturbance and influence of eutrophication on macrobenthos. The results of MMI can also be affected by the land use type and the coverage of aquatic vegetation around the lake, which are important factors affecting the ecological health of the lake. Research on the application of MMI method to assessment of the ecological health of lakes is very rare in Northeast China. This research can provide supplementary information beyond the traditional water environment assessment for the formulation of management strategies.

Effects of Peanut Shell Biochar on Soil Nutrients, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Rice Yield in Heavily Saline-Sodic Paddy Field

This study evaluated the effect of biochar on the soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, and rice yield in a heavily saline-sodic paddy soil using a 2-year field experiment conducted in Jilin province in the northeastern part of China. The soil was amended with biochar at 0 biochar (B0), 33.75 t ha−1 (B1), 67.5 t ha−1 (B2), and 101.25 t ha−1 (B3). The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results show that the addition of biochar significantly increased the availability of soil total N, available P, and available K, while it remarkably reduced the content of the soil’s alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, among which NH4-N and NO3-N were reduced significantly in 2 years. Biochar applications significantly increased the soil organic matter and soil C/N ratio. The soil Na+/K+ ratio was significantly reduced after biochar application in both 2 years. All of the biochar amendment applications improved the soil catalase activity, soil alkaline phosphatase activity, soil urease activity, and soil sucrose activity. The rice biomass, grain yield, and harvest index were significantly increased. Biochar applications can improve the soil nutrient status, decrease Na+/K+ concentration in soil, promote rice growth, and increase the rice yield in heavily saline-sodic paddy soils. It is anticipated that the study results will be useful for formulating novel management ways for improving crop production on saline-sodic soil.

Research Progress on Auricularia delicata

Aims: To describe the current status of A. delicata emphasizing on the key parameters; occurrence, classification, molecular studies, nutritional and medicinal benefits, cultivation status, and future development perspective.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: China–Zambia Agricultural demonstration center and Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, China between July 2019 and June 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: In this study, various literatures were reviewed for each parameter studied. Findings were deduced from current literatures and discussed.&#x0D; Results: The screening of bioactive contents of A. delicata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds; chlorogenic, flavonoids, and ethyl acetate, polysaccharides; Chitosan, fibers, β-glucans, mannans, chitin, and melanin. These substances exhibit hepatoprotective effects, antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities against some microbes like Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. A. delicata also contains several nutrients namely; protein, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and minerals; Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Manganese, that play a vital role in human growth and development. Moreover, its cultivation using various technologies provides an opportunity for high yield production. A. delicata was recently studied at Jilin Agricultural University and domesticated in Heilongjiang province in the northeastern part of China. Due to the similarity of its fruiting body with the structure of the deer tripe, it was assigned a common name as “Deer tripe mushroom”. A. delicata mycelia are capable of growing on several culture media with different nutritional profiles, optimal temperatures and pH values. It is cultivated under tropic temperatures ranging from 25°C-30°C, optimal pH of 6.5, and humidity 80-90%. The commonly used media include; Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Yeast Extract Agar (YEA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA).&#x0D; Conclusion: Therefore the above mentioned significant properties (occurrence, nutritional, medicinal, and cultivation) provide a foundation for further research on the development and utilization of A. delicata.