North Sumatra Indonesia Research Articles

Diversity of bee forage plants in Karing Village Dairi Regency North Sumatra Indonesia

Honey bees are one of the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that are cultivated by members of KTH Bunga Mekar. Honey bee food sources affect the number of colonies and honey bee productivity. Bees feed supply in the form of nectar and pollen as a source of carbohydrates and protein. This study aims to identify the diversity of honey bee forage plants. Vegetation analysis of honey bee forage plants was carried out by determining 10 observation plots using the purposive sampling method. The results of the research on seedlings obtained 8 species with a total of 23 individuals, saplings obtained 7 species with a total of 26 individuals, 7 species with a total of 34 individuals, and trees obtained 11 types of vegetation with a total of 41 individuals. Agricultural crops obtained as many as 14 types of plants with a total of 220 points of land with a radius of 1.5 km. For plant species outside the observation plot, 26 types of vegetation were found as a source of bee forage plants.

The Evolution of Islamic Educational Institutions in North Sumatra Indonesia

This article explores the transformation of Islamic educational institutions in North Sumatra, Indonesia, focusing specifically on pesantren and madrasahs. This article used a qualitative approach that integrates historical, social, and philosophical analysis to examine changes and developments in the Islamic education system. The findings reveal that the evolution from traditional educational institutions to modern ones significantly impacts Islamic education approaches and practices, including management, learning strategies, and curriculum development tailored to contemporary educational needs. The discussion highlights the importance of pesantrens and madrasahs within Indonesia's national education framework and how these institutions adapt to the challenges of the times. The conclusion emphasizes the critical role of Islamic educational institutions in shaping and maintaining Indonesia's cultural and religious identity while providing education relevant to modern demands. This research offers insights into how Islamic educational institutions in North Sumatra endure and thrive amidst social and educational changes.

Effect of fertilizer discount on fresh fruit bunches production and Nutrients in North Sumatra Indonesia

The low price of fresh fruit bunches a couple of years ago forced oil palm companies to make some efficiencies in the whole business process, including discounting the fertilizer expenses, which consequence in the Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) production declining in the first and second years onward. Reviewing the effect of fertilizer reduction on FFB production in commercial fields was challenging due to being confounded with many factors, including estate condition, infrastructure, climate, social, and management. Therefore it was better to assess from trials that tested the application of N, P, K, and Mg fertilizers with different rates to oil palm in a different locations on mineral soil in North Sumatra. Those trials illustrated that fertilizer discount would correct the FFB production accordingly from 3 up to 84%. In addition to this, climate, leaf nutrient uptake, and palm age play an important role in the decreasing FFB. An adequate water supply from the rainfall would stimulate a better leaf nutrient uptake and, therefore, palm more tolerant to fertilizer discounts. On the other hand, palm planted on the terraces, which are at a high risk of fertilizer leaching out and poor soil cation of subsoil, would be more sensitive to fertilizer discounts. Fertilizer discount, of course, would reduce the nutrient supply to the palm accordingly and consequently to FFB production for two to three years forward, therefore it was suggested to cut off the less response of specific nutrients only if possible.

Natural Growth Model of Amorphophallus gigas from Simandiangin Hamlet, Sungai Kanan District, North Sumatra

Amorphophallus gigas is a plant belonging to the Araceae family, including the tallest flower in the world. A. gigas was often found in North Sumatra, grows naturally under agroforestry stands. The aim of this research was to calculate the population of A. gigas and predict the population of A. gigas in the future assuming the habitat is not disturbed. This research was conducted in Simandiangin Hamlet, South Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Indonesia. The method used is to count the number of A. gigas individuals in 1 hectare by census. From the research results, there were 92 Amorphopallus gigas individuals with various growth phases, 40 seedlings, 28 juveniles and 26 adults. The average seedling height is 7.52 cm, the average seedling diameter is 0.27 cm, the average number of leaves is 7, the average canopy width is 27.27 cm. The average height in the juvenile phase is 56.88 cm, the average diameter is 1.40 cm and the canopy width is 76.2 cm. The average height in the adult phase is 151 cm, diameter 5.36, number of leaves 132 and canopy width 199.08 cm.

APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING (TVET) IN THE LEARNING PROCESS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USING ONLINE COMPILER

Advances in digital technology have influenced the transformation and growth of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) globally. [1] The use of technology in the learning and training process for an educational institution has become a significant necessity in the competitive era of globalization. Many studies discussing the utilization of elearning in the teaching and learning process noted various challenges in the implementation in Indonesia. In this study the author wants to review the monitoring of the use of web-based compiler applications in the learning process of programming languages. The variables that will be used to measure the success of onlineGDB application utilization in the teaching and learning process include: The use of the GDB Online application, student understanding of programming languages, the final results in the learning process. The target respondents who were successfully collected were 146 people consisting of 141 students and 5 lecturers from various universities in North Sumatra-Indonesia. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires, observations and interviews. The results of this study indicate the use of the onlineGDB compiler application can improve the understanding of students in learning programming languages, this can be seen from the results of the compilation of questionnaires conducted for 3 months with 3 variables to measure the success of the programming language learning process, namely 1. The use of the GDB Online application, 2. Student understanding of programming languages, 3. The final results in the learning process.

Strategy to Increase Tourists at Merdeka Beach, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra-Indonesia

Merdeka Beach in Serdang Bedagai has great potential as a leading tourist destination, but its development still faces challenges, especially in providing infrastructure and facilities that are in accordance with local characteristics and tourist needs. In this context, this study aims to identify and analyze the need for infrastructure and facilities that can increase the number of tourists at Merdeka Beach, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of collaboration between the government, local communities, and the private sector in developing this destination sustainably. This study uses a qualitative approach that allows for in-depth exploration of the experiences and perceptions of managers and tourists, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation, and supported by literature studies. The results of the study indicate that although there have been significant efforts to improve infrastructure and facilities, there are still gaps, especially in terms of accessibility and destination promotion. Collaboration between related parties has had a positive impact, but strengthening is still needed, especially in terms of marketing strategies and the development of more complete facilities to meet tourist expectations. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of synergy between various parties in managing new tourist destinations in rural areas, and emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates economic, social, and environmental aspects in tourism development.

The effectiveness of artificial canopy bridges for the diurnal primates within a hydroelectric project in North Sumatra-Indonesia

Abstract Primates that live within fragmented and disturbed habitat are facing population declines and a higher probability of extinction due to gene flow inhibition. To address this problem, land managers, practitioners, and primatologists have applied several approaches to enhance primates’ habitat quality and connectivity through habitat restoration and canopy bridge installation. In some cases, artificial canopy bridges have shown to be effective to facilitate movement between fragmented habitats for several primates’ taxa. However, while several types of canopy bridge designs are available, there is no clear evidence on which is the best for primates. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of three artificial canopy bridge designs within a hydroelectric project in Sumatra, Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. The hydroelectric project was located at the edge of a forest block within the Batang Toru Ecosystem which could disconnect the primate’s population from this protected forest to the other forest blocks. During 595 days of camera trapping, we captured 988 independent crossing events from six diurnal primate species (Pongo tapanuliensis, Hylobates agilis, Symphalangus syndactylus, Presbytis sumatrana, Macaca nemestrina, and Macaca fascicularis). Our initial observation finds the ladder canopy bridge design was commonly used by primates and Presbytis sumatrana was the species that often crossed the canopy bridge. These findings are important to improve species management plans and primate conservation in Indonesia.

Habitual Betel Quid Chewing Patterns and the Risk of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Population-Based Case Control Study

Habitual betel quid chewing is known as risk factor of oral potentially malignant disorders. Comprehensive data on the history of usage patterns and the risk of oral mucosal disorders related to the habitual betel quid chewing had previously been limited in numerous Indonesian populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of habitual betel quid chewing patterns on the oral potentially malignant disorders in Samosir Island, province of North Sumatra Indonesia. The present study was conducted to the habitual chewers of betel quid in the working area of the local government clinic of Ambarita in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. As study group, subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders i.e. submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia, and as control group, subjects without oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders, were assigned into study. The present study revealed the oral potentially malignant disorders were significantly associated with the duration of chewing betel quid more than 25 years (OR= 4.571; p= 0.022), the number of quids consumed per-day more than 6 quids/day (OR= 4.121; p= 0.024), and lifetime exposure of chewing betel quid more than 1.4x104 hours (OR= 4.571; p= 0.022), meanwhile duration of retention of the quid in the mouth more than 40 min/quid associated with the risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OR= 2.475; p= 0.225). As the conclusion, the risk of oral potentially malignant disorders might increase with the more the subjects practiced in habitual betel quid chewing patterns.

Determination of superior agriculture commodities in North Sumatra Province

This study aims to determine the contribution of the agriculture sector in the economy in North Sumatra Province and to find out the superior agriculture commodities. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely data on the production of various agricultural commodities in North Sumatra Province and Indonesia for the period 2019-2020. Quantitative description analysis in the form of contribution analysis and growth analysis is used to determine the contribution of the agricultural sector in the economy in North Sumatra Province in 2016-2020. Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analyses are used to analyze superior agricultural commodities. The results show that the contribution of the agricultural sector has decreased to the economy in North Sumatra Province in the 2016-2020 period. The results of the SLQ and DLQ analyses show that the superior agricultural commodities that are cross-sub-sectoral are Red Chili, Cabbage, Tomato, Eggplant, Durian, Salak, Rubber, and Fisheries. The superior agricultural commodities come from the Horticulture Sub-sector, Plantation Sub-sector, and Fisheries Sub-sector. Meanwhile, commodities originating from the Food crop Sub-sector and Livestock Sub-sector did not contribute to the creation of superior agriculture commodities in North Sumatra Province in 2019-2020.

Identification of Bacterial Symbiont Sponge with Antibacterial Activity against Multi Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) Bacteria from Sea Waters in Sibolga, North Sumatra Indonesia

This research employed the experimental method with descriptive data analysis. It aimed to isolate and identify sponge symbiont bacteria with antibacterial potential against Multi-Drug Resistance Organisms (MDRO) with the 16S rRNA gene marker. Based on the study results, two sponges were obtained, namely Clathrina sp and Agelas sp, each having 11 and 7 isolates of symbiont bacteria, respectively. Based on the antibacterial activity test results, out of 18 isolates of symbiont bacteria, only 4 had antibacterial potential against MDRO (Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESBL, or Staphylococcus lugdunensis MRSA) with inhibition zones of 9.3 mm, 8.3 mm, and 8.1 mm, respectively. The results of bacterial identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequence isolate S1I3, S1I9, and A1I3 belong to the Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides types. This research is expected to provide important information about sponge symbiont bacteria with antibacterial potential against MDRO.

Relevant Indicators of Social Vulnerability during Response Phase Context of Flooding inTebingTinggi City, North Sumatra Indonesia

Indicators to reflect vulnerability to flood vary among scholars. These variations tend to be developed primarily due to heavy dependency on the statistics data availability. Unless employing such predetermined indicators to assess the states of social vulnerability, scholars were less attracted to study what relevant indicators should be in assessing such social vulnerability. Apart from this gap, majority of the studies have overlooked the significance of time-frame contexts of flooding in determining the situation of social vulnerability. Consequently, many conducted the investigations without questioning the relevance of indicators in terms of time-frame contexts. This current study, accordingly, attempts to investigate relevant indicators of social vulnerability to flood with respect to response phase context. With the study area of Tebing Tinggi in North Sumatra, 76 indicators are tested using Likert scale of survey and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). As a result, 6 retained components produce 12 relevant indicators to reflect social vulnerability to flood during response phase; they are: Elderly, Female, Single parent families, Household or per capita income, Children, Poverty and deprivation, Dependency, Informal sector/day labourer, Slum dwellers, Male, Renters, and Unemployment.

Sustainability Model for Private Higher Education of North Sumatra Indonesia

The sustainability of private higher education depends on the adaptive competence that universities apply in facing global challenges. This research developed an integrated sustainability model of managing higher education which used the local and global challenges to face the competitiveness in handling higher education. With a Research and Development Model, this study offered a sustainability strategy that includes dimensions; education and research, community involvement, operation, and administration. Data found that many higher education institutions in Medan Municipality of North Sumatra face human resources problems; the majority of private universities only have less than 10 percent hold a doctoral degree and most of their working time doing teaching and administration tasks, but the low publication of research. The sustainability of private universities in Medan Municipality of North Sumatra Province mostly was found in threat conditions due to the lack of an integrated model that could adapt to global challenges. This model recommends the private universities build an integrated model which changes the workloads of lecturers to be research-oriented.

Sea-level variations from co-located tide gauge and GNSS stations using GNSS-Reflectometry in Indonesia

Sea level variation is an important key for hazard mitigation in the coastal region to study climate change. In the last decade, reflected GNSS signals have been used in many applications, such as snow, sea level, and ocean storm monitoring. In this research, we use GNSS-Reflectometry co-located with a tide gauge station to monitor sea-level variations. We use the Signal Noise to Ratio (SNR) data to derive sea-level height from GNSS. One-month comparison of sea-level variations has been made from a tide gauge and a GNSS measurement in Barus, North Sumatra Indonesia. The results have a mean bias of about 2 cm with a root mean square error of 11 cm and a correlation coefficient value of 0.90. Our result demonstrates that the GNSS-Reflectometry technique is potential to provide a new approach to monitor sea-level changes that complement the existing tide-gauge networks in Indonesia.

Healthy lifestyle module for improving the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients

Changing lifestyle or habits means changing one’s perspective and changing their paradigm. The arrangement of good behavior through the provision of healthy lifestyle modules to patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy should be supported with high motivation. The study aims to find out the effect of providing healthy lifestyle modules and motivation to improve the quality of life of patients. This study is an experimental quasi-research with a 2x2 factorial design involving a sample of 30 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at Rumah Sakit Khusus Ginjal Rasyida Medan, North Sumatra Indonesia. Through the analysis of multiple linear regression analysis, the results showed a significant influence between the provision of healthy lifestyle modules on improving quality of life. Other findings suggest differences in quality of life between patients with high motivation levels and low-motivated patients. This study proposes further studies to examine the effectiveness of modules and improve quality of life against different patient cultural backgrounds.

Effect of Training on the Application of ANC 10 T on Midwife Knowledge to Prevent Maternal Death in Dairi Regency of North Sumatra Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: Antenatal Care (ANC) data collected at Matlab Thana and shows that the maternal mortality rate for mothers aged 15 – 19 years is 7.4 per 1000 live births while for mothers aged 20 – 24 it is 3.8 to 1000 live births. For mothers under the age of 15, 17, 7. This ratio was then cited in the 1989 WHO volume compilation of age-specific maternal mortality data from 40 countries over approximately the same period as the Bangladesh study suggesting a much more moderate risk of excess for young mothers, but most of them were ignored in the scientific literature. Rizki Dewi et al’s 2017 research-led most midwives (69.7%) 10T standard in good integrated antenatal service. The purpose of the research to know the knowledge of midwives in the application of antenatal care to prevent maternal death in Dairi Regency of North Sumatra.
 
 METHODS: Design research was quantitative research with a quantitative design experiment. Models used, observed/measured changes. Bivariate Analysis, to analyze the influence between independent variables (each dimension) and dependent variables with different tests (t-tests).
 
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Midwife knowledge increased after ANC implementation training. Knowledge Before an ANC 10 T application training, value p = 0.731 This means that there was no difference in knowledge, control before (pre-test) training implementation of ANC 10 T. The average knowledge difference between the pre-test and post-test is 0.067 with a value of p = 0.058 The difference between the case group and the control group before and after the training of an ANC 10 T implementation with a value of p = 0.000, p-value (0.000) < 0.05 then it can be concluded that the training of the implementation of ANC 10 T effectively improves midwife knowledge in Dairi Regency of Sumatra Province.
 
 CONCLUSION: Midwife knowledge increased after an ANC implementation training in the Dairi regency of North Sumatra. Advice that training was very effective to improve the knowledge of midwives in the application of ANC in Dairi district of North Sumatra. 

Conservation efforts of ikan Batak (Tor spp. and Neolissochilus spp.) and its prospects to support ecotourism in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Indonesia

Ikan Batak or ihan refers to fishes of genera Tor and Neolissochilus. They are socioeconomically valuable fishes in North Sumatra and some regions in Indonesia, yet their population in the wild has been declined. In situ conservation is one of the efforts to increase its population in natural habitat. Our previous study proposed Bonan Dolok River in Samosir Regency as the potential site for Ikan Batak in situ conservation. The combination of scenic landscapes and a waterfall in the upstream part of the river, as well as the presence of Ikan Batak in the conservation site, can be a potential ecotourism attraction in Samosir Regency. Ecotourism has many advantages, such as providing financial benefits to local people while sustaining natural resources. Our present study aimed to explore the potentiality of Bonan Dolok River for the conservation site of Ikan Batak and its prospect for ecotourism. The bioecological of ikan Batak and hydromorphological description of Bonan Dolok River was based on the literature review and a primary study conducted in 2019. People’s perception of the prospect and challenges of developing ecotourism and stakeholder’s role in the management of conservation and ecotourism were identified. The ecological and hydromorphological profile showed the potentiality of Bonan Dolok for conservation site. The local community of Bonan Dolok plays an essential role related to their local customary in environmental management and initiation of ecotourism. Stakeholders’ awareness on conservation of Indonesian native fishes, including Ikan Batak should be enhanced to get a better understanding of conservation management.

The ULF geomagnetic anomalous signal associated with Nias earthquake M5.3 North Sumatra Indonesia on September 6, 2018

A study of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) geomagnetic signals has been carried out prior to the onset of Nias earthquake M5.3 that occurred at 07:13:49 LT (Local Time) on September 6, 2018, in West Nias regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. We analyzed three components of geomagnetic data H, D, and Z measured in Gunung Sitoli (GSI) geomagnetic station which is about 108 km from the epicenter, from January 2018 until December 2018. We used the polarization ratio method in terms of power spectrum density within 0.027-0.033 Hz frequency range to evaluate the geomagnetic data by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This work presents evidence of ULF geomagnetic anomalies exceeding the statistical threshold associated with Nias earthquake M5.3 which appeared starting from 3.5 months until 3 weeks before the earthquake. When these anomalies occurred, the value of disturbance storm time (Dst) index shows that there is no high global geomagnetic activity. Thus, it is concluded that the clear precursory anomalies detected are related to the earthquake.

Different space characteristics of air temperature variation in North Sumatra Indonesia

Land Surface Temperature (LST) can be used as an indicator of measuring temperature change in the regions. The changing variation can be produced or affected by some factors such as elevation, land cover products, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This study aimed to investigate LST variation based on elevation, land cover products, and NDVI in the North Sumatra area, Indonesia. Land products satellite data between 2000 and 2018 were downloaded from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) website. Multiple linear regression was used to find the patterns of LST variation. The highest LST variation was found in Evergreen Broadleaf (EB) forest and urban area with the average change 0.4 and 0.5 °C/decade and the lowest was found in water surface area with the average change more than -1 °C/decade. The overall mean of LST changing was -0.1 °C/decade with r-square 31.4%. There was a unique LST variation in EB forest land cover when the elevation increased, the LST also increased from -0.4 to 0.5 °C/decade. The same condition also appears in Savannas and cropland/natural vegetation mosaic (Crop. Mos.). In conclusion, the changing of LST in North Sumatra was affected by elevation, land cover products, and NDVI.

Inventory of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes sp.) and Its Existence in North Sumatra Indonesia

Nepenthes sp. is a carnivorous plant with unique shape and color shades. This unique plant has a special leaf modification called a pitcher which has the capability in catching insects and small animals. The purpose of this research was to know the types and habitat of Nepenthes sp. that found in six regencies in North Sumatra. The pitcher plants inventoried from South Tapanuli, Central Tapanuli, Humbanghasundutan, Toba Samosir, Dairi and Samosir regency in North Sumatra. The research type and method were conducted by descriptive qualitative and survey method research. The morphology data of Nepenthes sp. used to identify the types of Nepenthes sp. in North Sumatra. Inventory result of Nepenthes sp. from six regency showed that there were five original species in North Sumatra namely Nepenthes tobaica, Nepenthes gracilis, Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes eustachya, Nepenthes rhombicaulis and one natural hybrid species Nepenthes reinwardtiana x spectabilis. Nepenthes tobaica, Nepenthes gracilis had upper and lower pitchers while Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes eustachya, Nepenthes rhombicaulis and Nepenthes reinwardtiana x spectabilis just had an upper or lower pitcher. All species lived in low or high lands and most of them found in peat area, high humidity, and high light intensity.

The Ability of Pineapple Callus Regeneration (Ananas comosusL.) from Sipahutar North Sumatra Indonesia with in Vitro Culture

Pineapple (Ananascomosus L.) from Sipahutar is an herbaceous plant from Sipahutar District. Pineapple is canning industry sourced from Sipahutar pineapple has the opportunity to be developed in North Sumatra. Propagation through in vitro culture is an alternative method to solve this problem. The purpose of this research was to determine the regeneration ability of pineapple callus derived from callus induction with the addition of 2,4-D 1 ppm and BAP 1 ppm. The callus were regenerated using the addition of Kinetin (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5 ppm). Each treatment was carried out 4 times. The results showed: 1) the fastest time of emergence of shoots (5 days) came from 0.5 ppm, 2) formed the most shoots (8 shoots) resulting from the addition 0 ppm and 0.5 ppm, 3) the most number of leaves (7.75 leaves) resulted from light treatment with the addition kinetin 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm, 4) the longest leaf length (4.44 cm) from dark treatment with kinetin 0.5 ppm, 5) the highest plant height (5.32 cm) from dark treatment with 0.5 ppm kinetin. This shows that the concentration of 0.5 ppm kinetin with the dark treatment is the best concentration to stimulate the formation of pineapple shoots.