North Ossetia-Alania Research Articles

Environmentally sound geotechnologies for leaching metals from polymetallic ore processing wastes and wastewater

Global challenges (increased consumption of georesources, climatic changes, limited reserves) increase the relevance of the problems of growing waste accumulation and environmentally-sound modernization of mineral extraction. In this regard, the existing approaches to the design of geotechnologies for metal mining need to be improved based on a concept of so-called circulation waste management and ecologization of technological processes. The paper is devoted to the issue of formation of conceptual bases and directions of ecologization of geotechnologies at leaching metals from polymetallic ore processing wastes and wastewater. The study presents recommendations for improving in-situ leaching of ores in blocks, allowing to determine the optimal conditions for increasing the completeness of subsoil use and reducing environmental damage. It was revealed that at metal extraction with solution circulation through brine chambers the content of Na, Cl, SO4 and Ca ions in dialysate was low, while without circulation through brine, it significantly exceeded corresponding MPCs. This proves the fundamental feasibility of controlling natural leaching processes by enhancing the oxidizing potential of natural solvents through the addition of industrial oxidizing agents. It was found that increasing the duration of agitation leaching (both with and without mechanoactivation) leads to a uniform expansion of the local maximums of Pb yield from the pulp when the minimum NaCl concentration decreases from 11–12 to 7% at H2SO4 concentration of 0.6%. One of key results of the study is justifying the expansion of the use of disintegrators to realize targeted activation of tailings. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the proved feasibility of optimizing the flow sheet of electrochemical extraction of metals from wastewater on the basis of the obtained regularities of the use of brine circulation through brine chambers. In addition, the totality of the obtained results of using a disintegrator for reextraction of lead from geomaterials will allow developing a methodology for calculating the parameters of mechanoactivation action to increase the degree of metal recovery from the tailings of North Ossetia-Alania’s (Zgidskoe, Sadonskoe, Arkhonskoe deposits) polymetallic ores beneficiation. The most promising way for further research is to substantiate methods of using underground space for complete removal of wastes (wastewater and tailings) after their multistage treatment.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЕЙ МЕЖДУ ГЛУБИНОЙ, СПОСОБАМИ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬЮ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В ГОРНОЙ ЗОНЕ РСО-АЛАНИЯ

Depth and methods of soil cultivation for potatoes are among the most important agrotechnical techniques that allow increasing the yield of tubers without significant additional costs. The studies were conducted from 2020 to 2023, in the mountain-meadow subalpine zone in the Dargavs basin of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level (Dargavs village). The soil of the experimental site belongs to the mountain-meadow subalpine leached with a humus-illuvial horizon loamy on the eluvium of clay shale. Meteorological conditions during the years of the studies were noted as contrasting. Temperature conditions in the spring were relatively favorable, but during the flowering phase a decrease in air humidity and an increase in air and soil temperature were noted. Potatoes of the Farn variety were planted in the first ten days of May, harvested in the second ten days of September. Moldboard-less tillage methods do not significantly affect soil moisture, accumulation of available nutrients, crop yield and its quality compared to moldboard ones, but weed infestation increases. Plowing of mountain chernozems of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania should be carried out to a depth of no more than 25 cm. Increasing the plowing depth to 35 cm or decreasing it to 15 cm causes a decrease in crop yield (subsoil tillage). Economic efficiency with moldboard plowing to a depth of 25 cm: profit from sales per 1 ha amounted to 283.1 thousand rubles. Increasing the plowing depth to 35 cm reduced profit to 56.1 thousand rubles, and decreasing it to 15 cm to 52.2 thousand rubles. The level of economic profitability amounted to 141.4; 165.7 and 147.2 %, respectively. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 and cultivating the soil with a flat cutter to a depth of 25 cm, the profit amounted to 247.1 thousand rubles per 1 ha with an economic profitability of 152.2 %.

КОМПЛЕКС КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК В РАЦИОНАХ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

To this date to achieve high indicators in poultry farming, the use of feed additives is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of firming of the probiotic and sorbents on the organoleptic indicators of poultry meat. Studies were conducted in the conditions of the Mikhailovskaya poultry farms of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, subject to all requirements for the methodology of scientific and production research on poultry feeding. Cross-Broilers Cross «Ross-308» were divided into four groups. The first group received full -time farming feed. The second group received compound feed with the addition of a “Sporotermine” probiotic. The third group - compound feeds with 0.1 % of the “Sporotermine” and bentonite 3.6 % of the mass of feed and the fourth - compound feed with the addition of a “Sporotermine” probiotic and active coal feed additive (ACFA). The tasting of the broth and meat was carried out on a 5-ballast scale. The overall assessment of the quality of the chest muscles of experimental groups varied with the control group-by 0.10-0.36 points. The quality of the broth, according to organoleptic, in the 3rd experimental group exceeded analogues from the control group - by 0.22 points. According to the indicators of the elementary chemical muscles the meat of chickens of 3 experimental groups which received a comprehensively both probiotic and sorbent, there was an increase in the content of CB in the chest muscles - by 0.72 %, protein - by 1.04 % reliably and against this background there is a decrease in the amount of fat - by 0.21 %.

Analysis of the main indicators of rural health and strategic tasks of countering population health risks in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Analysis of the main indicators of rural health and strategic tasks of countering population health risks in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

The Study of the Inheritance Mechanisms of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) in Families from the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder with progressive myopathy and myotonia. The clinical study was conducted in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNOA), and in it 39 individuals from 17 unrelated families were identified with DM1. Clinical presentations varied, including muscle weakness, fatigue, intellectual disability, hypersomnia, ophthalmological abnormalities, and alopecia. Using clinical and genotyping data, we confirmed the diagnosis and enabled the study of CTG-repeat anticipation and DM1 prevalence in the Ossetian and Ingush populations. CTG expansion correlated with age of onset, with clinical severity, and with offspring showing more severe symptoms than parents. In many families, the youngest child had a more severe DM1 phenotype than older siblings. The prevalence was 14.17 per 100,000 in Ossetians and 18.74 per 100,000 in Ingush people, aligning with global data. Segregation analysis showed a higher frequency of maternal transmission. The study highlights the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of DM1 and its dependence on repeat expansion and paternal and maternal age.

Experience of using lenvatinib in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer at the Republican Oncology Center of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in 2018–2022. Balance of efficiency and accessibility in regional practice

The overall incidence of liver cancer in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania has remained stable over the past five years. Moreover, the initial diagnostic of HCC occurs at widespread stage, which limits the possibilities of cured therapy. The Republican Oncology Clinic has accumulated experience in using the drug lenvatinib for advanced and metastatic hepatocellular cancer. In the realities of a small regional dispensary, and has to find a balance between efficiency and availability of therapeutic options to provide effective therapy for all patients. The authors conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of the effectiveness and safety of lenvatinib in real clinical practice in patients with hepatocellular cancer at the Republican Oncology Center of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania. The analysis included 18 patients with HCC who received lenvatinib monotherapy. 11(61%) patients had concomitant viral hepatitis B or C, 15 (83%) had distant metastases to the lymph nodes, lungs, adrenal glands or other organs. A feature of this patient population is the long period of time from the prescription of drug therapy for HCC to its actual start – on average 46 days, with a range from 5 to 100 days. We believe that a delay in initiating therapy may affect the results obtained. Median PFS in 1st line of lenvatinib therapy was 10.1 months (2.3 months to 13.1 months). Median PFS2 (defined as the time from 1st line treatment on lenvatinib to progression on first subsequent therapy) was 19.1 months. 6 (33%) patients received lenvatinib in the second line after progression on another drug therapy. The median second-line PFS in this case was 5.9 months (3.8 months‑7.7 months). Lenvatinib had a manageable and predictable tolerability profile. No new safety signals were identified.Conclusion: The use of lenvatinib as monotherapy in adult patients with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma has proven to be an effective strategy that balances clinical benefit and availability of the drug.

The Influence of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on the Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment in the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania

Introduction. Prioritization of measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in the coverage and intensity of TB control activities.The aim of study to assess the indicators of detection, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and compare them with those at the all-Russian level.Materials and methods. A preliminary collection of statistical information in Russian and several foreign sources closest to the topic was carried out on the PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, CyberLeninka and eLibrary platforms. An analysis of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in North Ossetia for 2020–2021 was performed. according to annual reporting forms and reports from epidemiological monitoring systems for tuberculosis.Results. The detection rate of tuberculosis has decreased during the pandemic. The indicator in North Ossetia was higher than the national level. Clinical and diagnostic indicators for tuberculosis in the republic in 2020 were lower compared to those for 2021 for the study of sputum, decay phase, and bacterial excretion. The proportion of successful tuberculosis chemotherapy in the republic was higher than in a number of regions of the Russia.Discussion. There was a decrease in registered and, obviously, accumulation of latent cases of tuberculosis during the COVID 19 2020 pandemic due to a drop in preventive coverage of the population in the Russia. A worsening of the clinical structure of tuberculosis in 2021 in Republic of North Ossetia and an increase in the proportion of patients with destruction of lung tissue and the fibrous-cavernous type of disease in the Russia are revealed, possibly due to untimely detection of tuberculosis.Conclusion. Low activity of primary health care organizations regarding tuberculosis was revealed. Restrictions to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen contributed to a decrease in the coverage and intensity of anti-tuberculosis measures. The COVID-19 pandemic clearly affected the rates of primary diagnosis of tuberculosis in 2020, and in 2021 a significant increase was noted.

The role of Muslim organizations in North Ossetia in the development of interfaith relations in the republic in the early 1990s and late 2010s.

This article is devoted to the study of the specific features of the participation of North Ossetian Islamic spiritual organizations in the development of interreligious relations in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in the late twentieth and the first decades of the 21st centuries and their role in the development of the spiritual sphere of the republic’s public life and the stabilization of the political situation in this territorial subject of the Russian Federation. This study examines the features of the peacekeeping activities of the Muslim community of North Ossetia in the republic and in the North Caucasus as a whole. This article examines the role of the chairman of the Spiritual Board of Muslims of North Ossetia A.H. Evteev, H.M. Tavkazakhov and H.H. Gatsalov in the formation and the development of interfaith dialogue in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Сравнительная оценка качества жизни детей с бронхиальной астмой в разных возрастных группах.

The purpose of the study: assessment of quality of life indicators and their impact on life parameters in children aged 6–17 years with bronchial asthma. Materials and methods. The study was performed using the Russian version of the SF‑36 questionnaire, which was filled out by children with bronchial asthma of younger age (6–14 years old) with their parents, older age (15–17 years old), independently. The survey was conducted among 408 children (6–17 years old) on the basis of the pulmonology department of the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital and children’s polyclinics of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The average age in the sample is 13.0 years, of which 76.2% are boys, 23.8% are girls. A comparative analysis of quality of life indicators was carried out in four age groups: 6–8 years (12.3%), 9–11 years (16.7%), 12–14 years (28.2%), 15–17 years (42.8%). The average values and the standard deviation (M±SD) were determined. The processing of the obtained data was carried out using the SPSS application software package (vers. 21). Results. According to the design of the study, the assessment of the health status of children was carried out in different age groups from 6 to 17 years old. The most unsatisfactory assessments of their health were revealed in three older age groups, especially pronounced at the age of 12–14 years. At the same time, half of the surveyed children (50.2%) did not improve their health during the year and more than 8% of them began to feel worse. It was revealed that bronchial asthma affects the parameters of quality of life: the physical and psychological condition of children suffers, their social adaptation is disrupted. With equal indicators of these components in girls, boys have a slightly higher physical component than the mental one. When comparing the age groups, a more significant violation of the mental component of the quality of life with the age of children was revealed. The largest number of children with bronchial asthma (31.1%) experience significant limitations during heavy physical exertion. A direct correlation has been revealed between the increase in difficulty with physical exertion and their performance in a smaller volume with age. According to the evaluation scales, the total indicators of the quality of life of children with bronchial asthma are interpreted unambiguously, low, and amount to slightly more than 47 points. Older children who have pronounced negative symptoms and need correction of therapeutic and preventive measures require special attention. At the same time, the existing complex problems in the organization of effective dispensary monitoring of children with bronchial asthma are being updated. Conclusion. The obtained quantitative measures of the health of children suffering from bronchial asthma indicate a low level of quality of life for patients in all age groups. For the identified risk groups, a full-fledged individual monitoring of the condition of patients should be organized in the polyclinic link of children’s healthcare in the region with the development of targeted rehabilitation programs to improve and preserve the health of children with bronchial asthma. This approach will provide additional information about the child’s condition and will help improve treatment outcomes. Taking into account the results obtained, it is necessary to continue further studies of the quality of life in children suffering from bronchial asthma.

Helminthofauna and biopotential of <i>E. Granulosus Batsch cysts, 1789</i> in yaks of the North Caucasian ecotype

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a two-humped hoofed mammal from the genus of true bulls. In 1973-1974, domestic yak was imported from the Alai Valley (Kyrgyzstan) and to the North Caucasus, in particular, to Kabardino-Balkaria, KarachayCherkessia, Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia and North Ossetia-Alania. In Russia, yaks are found in animal husbandry in Tuva (more than 20 thousand heads), in Buryatia and Altai, in Karachay-Cherkessia (upper reaches of the Ullu-Ezen River) - more than 1.5 thousand heads, in Kabardino-Balkaria (Bezengi tract). 30 heads of animals were examined. All studies were performed by methods of complex helminthoscopy, in accordance with GOST R 54627-2011 "Agricultural ruminant animals. Methods of laboratory diagnosis of helminthiasis" Monitoring of the helminth fauna in yaks of the North Caucasian ecotype showed the presence of 24 species: trematodes - 3, cestodes - 5, nematodes - 16 species. Upon opening the internal organs of 30 individuals, 9 heads (30.0%) turned out to be infected with worms’ helminths, which is recorded with fluctuations in occurrence rates from 8.0 to 30.0% with a variation in abundance from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 547.0 ± 19.2 copies. per individual. The extent of echinococcal invasion in yaks of the North Caucasian ecotype was 10.0 % with an average invasion intensity of 13.6 ± 1.2 specimens. on the head. In the liver and lungs of yaks, all 66.2% of echinococcal cysts in the liquid sediment contained protoscolexes, and 33.8% of the cysts were acephalocysts without protoscolexes. Literature data confirm the without protoscolexes. Literature data confirm the simultaneous detection of a cystic form of echinococcosis of the liver and lungs caused by Echinococcus granulosus Batsch, 1789 (with protoscolexes and acephalocysts without protoscolexes) in yaks of the North Caucasian ecotype, which causes the likelihood of the formation of natural foci of echinococcosis in the highaltitude zone of the Caspian Sea with the participation of stray dogs and wild predators (wolf, jackal, etc.).

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ КОРОВ, БОЛЬНЫХ ГНОЙНО-КАТАРАЛЬНОЙ ФОРМОЙ МАСТИТА, В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ

Today for veterinary specialists the selection of effective treatment regimens for mastitis in cows in order to reduce treatment time with complete restoration of mammary gland function is an urgent task. For this purpose, we conducted research on the basis of the Iraf-Agro livestock complex in North Ossetia-Alania, on cows with various forms of mastitis. To determine the effectiveness of treatment regimens for mastitis in cows, we formed two groups of 12 heads each and an average weight of 350-400 kg. Nitotx and Cobactan were used as antibacterial drugs, which in a short time have a detrimental effect on both conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. Cows in the control group were administered Nitox intramuscularly at 48-hour intervals at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of live weight in combination with intracisternal injection of Mastifort into the affected quarter of the udder once a day for three days. The experimental group was treated with Cobactan at a dose of 2 ml per 45 kg of live weight, and Mastifort was administered to the affected quarter once and Dexofort 0.02 mg per kg of live weight was administered intramuscularly once. The therapeutic effectiveness of complex treatment of mastitis in cows of the experimental group before recovery from mild and moderate forms of mastitis averaged from 92 to 100%. While in the control this figure was 87-100%. The duration of treatment for cows in the experimental group for purulent catarrhal mastitis was on average 5 days, while for cows in the control group it was 8 days. The reduction in treatment time occurred due to the correctly selected combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the form of complex therapy for purulent catarrhal mastitis in cows. Thus, the use of these drugs can reduce the time required to restore milk production.

СОКОПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КЛЕНА ВЫСОКОГОРНОГО

In the North Caucasus are presented data on the intensity of sap production and sap productivity of the Trautvetter maple. Experimental tapping was carried out in an old-growth maple forest in the forest fund of North Ossetia-Alania, the Koban tract. Maple tapping was carried out by laying drill channels with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of no more than 30 mm. From 1 to 4 channels were laid on one trunk. A polyvinyl chloride tube with an outer diameter of 10 mm was used as a sap line. Plastic containers with a volume of 5 and 10 liters served as juice collectors. The volume of secreted juice was determined with an accuracy of 10 ml. It has been established that the intensity and duration of juice secretion depends on the weather conditions at the beginning of the growing season. The sap productivity of the Trautfetter maple also depends on the size of the tree and its condition. A direct and strong dependence of the intensity of juice secretion on the diameter of the trunk has been proven - the larger the diameter, the more juice. At the same time, there are cases when the intensity of sap production by trees with a small trunk diameter is higher than that of trees with a trunk diameter of about 1 m. It is noted that the presence of heart rot and hollowness of the trunk affects both the intensity of sap production and sap productivity. An interesting feature was revealed in individual Trautfetter maple trees: when 2-4 sapling canals are laid on one trunk, sap flow from one, or less often from two canals at once, quickly stops. The period of rapid decrease in juice secretion takes from 30 minutes to several hours. A characteristic phenomenon for alpine maple is the growth of trees in nests, when from 2 to 10-12 trunks develop from a single root system. It is indicated that the intensity of sap production does not depend on the number of trees in the “nest”, and the overall sap productivity of the “nest” is higher than that of individual trees.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПИВНОЙ ДРОБИНЫ НА ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ КРОССА "РОСС-308"

The research on brewing waste and its use as feed ingredients, in particular for feeding poultry, is a current trend in animal husbandry. Finding new opportunities to reduce the cost of livestock products is an important issue, because The high cost of food is currently becoming a serious problem for consumers. For this reason, studying the possibility of using barley grains in feeding broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross at JSC PR Mikhailovskoye in the Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania turned out to be very timely. During the experiments, the main production indicators were studied. The results were studied and processed in detail. We determined the effect of brewer’s grain on the health of chickens, on feed intake, their growth and development, and, mainly, on their slaughter performance. According to the approved methodology, 4 groups of day-old chickens were formed. All young animals met the requirements for exterior and constitution. One of them became the control, and the rest became the experimental ones. The first group of broilers was fed the usual feed mixture, which is used on the farm for young animals according to age, compiled according to the current VNITIP standards. The experimental groups were administered barley grains in different quantities - 5 and 7% of the dry matter of the feed. In addition, for these groups, the food was also enriched with the probiotic premix Cellobacterin-T, which replenishes the low amino acid content. The results of the experiments showed that chickens that received 7% barley grains from the dry matter of feed enriched with Cellobacterin-T had better growth and development compared to both the control and experimental groups that received 5% brewers grains, and the one that received feed mixture enriched with premix, without spent grains. Such results give every reason to assert that barley grain is an effective feed ingredient that has a beneficial effect on the body of chickens and stimulates growth and development.

Assessment of Prospects for the Development of the Transport and Logistics Complex of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

Assessment of Prospects for the Development of the Transport and Logistics Complex of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

ВЛИЯНИЕ МОЛОЧНОСТИ И ДОЕНИЯ МАТОК НА РОСТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯГНЯТ

A shortening of the milking period has a negative effect on lambs, and this effect is more pronounced the earlier the beating is carried out and milking begins, but the growth of young animals is highly dependent on the level of non-dairy nutrition and rearing technology. In this regard, the study of the influence of milking on the quality and productivity of the offspring was carried out taking into account the characteristics of feeding and keeping lambs. The experiment was carried out in 2023 in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on sheep of the Tushino breed. All experimental lambs were divided into two groups: a control group, raised in the usual manner, and an experimental group, whose queens were not milked. All lambs had coarse wool, were kept in the same conditions and were allowed access to the uterus 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening, but the rest of the time they were kept separately. Milking of sheep on the farm began in early June, that is, when the lambs reached 2.5 months of age. Lambs of both groups were completely weaned at 5 months of age. It was found that the lambs of the experimental group, whose uterus were not milked, grew better and had a greater body weight at the time of lambing than the control group. The difference in body weight was 1.92 kg for rams and 2.42 kg for lambs, in favor of the experimental group. After the start of milking of the queens of the control group, the picture changes. During the third month of life, the absolute increase in the experimental group was 6.07-5.34 kg (little lambs), and in the control group - 4.56-3.69 kg. The lambs spent the fourth month of life on alpine pastures, where the growth of the control group (6.47-5.62 kg) was lower than that of the experimental group (5.87-5.39 kg). The last month of the suckling period is characterized by a significant drop in the growth of lambs in the control group (3.16-2.88). The growth of lambs in the experimental group also decreased (4.83-4.67).

Орфанная патология в республике Северная Осетия – Алания: структура, популяционно-генетические особенности, проблемы и перспективы

Currently, there are more than 8000–10000 rare disease (RDs), among which 75–80% are hereditary. In the Russian Federation (RF), patients are provided medical care in accordance with two lists: 17 chronic progressive and life-threatening diseases (RLTDs) and 14 high-cost nosologies (HCNs). The study was aimed to assess the range, prevalence, and genetic epidemiological characteristics of the RDs from the lists of RLTDs and HCNs in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania and RF in general. We determined the number of patients from the RLTD (a total of 18,744 people in the RF, among them 8713 children; 129 and 42 people, respectively, in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania) and HCN (28727 people/13454 children in the RF; 554 and 64 in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania) lists and calculated the prevalence per 100,000 population. The global prevalence of RDs was estimated using the Orphanet database. The average prevalence of RLTDs in the whole population of the RF was 11.51 cases and that among children was 25.08. Similar data were obtained for the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (19.38 and 29.44, respectively). It was found that idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, disorder of the complement system, maple syrup urine disease, porphyria were more common in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania than in the RF in general, while galactosemia was less common. The analysis of disorders from the RLTD list has shown lower prevalence of hemophilia and pituitary dwarfism in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania compared to the RF and Orphanet, along with the higher prevalence of type VI mucopolysaccharidosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, the features of the range of genetic variation in the genes РАН (phenylketonuria) and CFTR (cystic fibrosis) have been identified. Thus, assessment of the RD prevalence in the regions is important and essential for raising awareness of medical personnel, as well as for expansion and improvement of medical care provision to patients with RLTDs and HCNs.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ПРАКТИК ИНИЦИАТИВНОГО БЮДЖЕТИРОВАНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ

The paper is devoted to the analysis and assessment of the formation and development of proactive budgeting practices in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The practice of proactive budgeting (PB) is a democratic process in which citizens can decide on the allocation and implementation of a portion of the state budget. The relevance of the research topic is due to the widespread use of proactive budgeting practices at the municipal level in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze and assess the current state of proactive budgeting practices in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The research materials include federal laws, government regulations, data from official sources on the implementation of information security projects in the region and Russia, and the works of domestic authors on the formation and development of proactive budgeting. In the process of this issue research, general scientific methods were used: qualitative and quantitative methods, comparative analysis and structure analysis, special research methods in the form of system analysis and strategic planning. As a result of the study, the formation and development of proactive budgeting in the region was studied, the current level of information security development in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was determined, arguments were given about the need to develop information security practices, and measures were proposed for the further stable development of initiative budgeting practices in the region.

Эпидемиологическая характеристика рака молочной железы в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания в 2017-2021 гг. и в период коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19.

The purpose of the study: to identify the features of the incidence and main diagnostic indicators of breast cancer in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and assess their change during the spread of coronavirus infection COVID‑19. Materials and methods. The data of the annual reports of the Republican Oncological Dispensary of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the data of the state medical statistics (form No. 7 «Information on malignant neoplasms») for 2012–2021 were studied. The most important diagnostic indicators for breast cancer have been analyzed. A comparative assessment of the indicators in the republic, the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District is given. Results. The urgency of the problem of oncological morbidity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is due to the increasing prevalence of malignant neoplasms, according to which it occupies the first place in the North Caucasus Federal District. The leading oncological pathology in the female population is breast cancer 26,6% (RF – 21,7%). The epidemiological situation associated with the spread of COVID‑19 coronavirus infection has had a significant impact on cancer incidence in recent years. The rate of newly diagnosed breast cancer incidence in 2021 (44,0 per 100,000 population) was lower than in 2019. The characteristic trends of deterioration of the main diagnostic indicators are revealed. Similar to the indicator for the Russian Federation (25,6%), the rate of active detection of breast cancer decreased (42,6%). Despite the positive dynamics of the detection of the tumor process at stage I, early detection of breast cancer suffers due to a decrease in the detection rate at stage II to 50,2%. A stable growth trend over a five-year period, more than 2 times, of the indicator of the neglect of the tumor process (stage IV), amounting to 16,3% by 2022, was revealed. The detection rate at stages III and IV by 2022 was 32,9% in North Ossetia, 34,5% in the North Caucasus Federal District, and 27.1% in the Russian Federation. In 2021, the mortality rate from breast cancer in the first year after diagnosis in North Ossetia (3,6%) is lower than in the Russian Federation (4,8%) and the North Caucasus Federal District (5,2%). There is a maximum decrease in the five-year survival rate in 2020 to 54,2%, correlating with similar trends in the Russian Federation (56,6%). The morphological verification index, indicating the quality of specialized oncological care, is consistently higher than the national average (99,7%). Conclusion. The improvement of oncological situation in the republic will be facilitated by the implementation of priority areas of the regional program for the fight against oncological diseases, the main task of which is the active detection of malignant neoplasms at early stages and their effective treatment. In order to eliminate the current situation, it is necessary to concentrate efforts to improve the effectiveness of providing oncological care to the population, primarily at the level of outpatient polyclinic health care, and increase the oncological alertness of medical workers. The indicators of the oncological service of the republic related to postcovid complications in oncolo need additional analysis. The indicators of the oncological service of the republic related to postcovoid complications in oncological patients need additional analysis.

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ИНФОРМИРОВАННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПО ВОПРОСАМ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ В РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУППАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ)

Relevance: HIV infection remains an urgent, socially significant disease in modern society. In the modern world, absolutely everyone is at risk of contracting HIV infection to one degree or another. Despite active preventive work, new cases of infection are registered every year, which makes the problem of HIV infection strategically important. Objective: To determine the level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania on HIV infection in different age groups. Materials and methods: The questionnaires of 600 respondents were analyzed. Respondents are represented in four age groups from 15 to 35 years in equal numbers – 25%. The questionnaire included the most relevant questions about the ways of HIV transmission. Empirical data were processed and analyzed using the capabilities of the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex. Results: Of the 137 new HIV cases recorded in 2022, men predominate - 59.1%, while women – 40.9%. Among the established transmission routes, the highest proportion falls on the sexual (heterosexual) pathway of infection – 51.8%, the homosexual pathway – 5.1%. The proportion of people infected with parenteral administration of narcotic drugs was 41.6%, perinatal contact was 1.4%. There is a continuing trend of HIV infection among residents of working and reproductive age from 20 to 49 years old, which makes the issue of preserving the health of this group strategically important. The 18-22 age group of people studying in higher and secondary educational institutions has the most positive idea of the ways of HIV transmission and the risk of infection, which indicates the importance of awareness-raising activities. In the adolescent group of 15-17 years, there is a misconception about the ways of HIV transmission. The misconception about the possibility of contracting HIV infection in everyday conditions persists in 20.7% of respondents in the 30-35 age group and 13.3% in the 15-17 age group. The majority of respondents in each age group gave a negative answer: 15-17 years old – 44%; 18-22 years old – 44.7%; 23-29 years old – 41.3% and in the 30-35 years old group – 44%, which indicates a misunderstanding of the vertical path of transmission from an HIV-infected mother to a child, more than 40% of negative responses from respondents in each the age group. Conclusion: The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on HIV infection is quite high. At the same time, the adolescent age group, which is the most vulnerable in matters of risky behavior, is the least informed about the ways of HIV transmission and requires special attention. The results of the study will make it possible to contribute to the development and implementation of HIV prevention measures/AIDS and related diseases in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

ПЕРВИЧНАЯ ИНВАЛИДНОСТЬ ПО ПРИЧИНЕ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУППАХ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ (РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ)

Relevance. A significant level of morbidity significantly exacerbates the medical and social significance of oncopathology, leading to high mortality and disability of the population. In terms of the prevalence of disability, malignant tumors occupy the second rank after the circulatory system. The increase in advanced stages of malignant tumors associated with problems in early detection of the oncological process leads to a heavier disability group. Objective:. To analyze the prevalence and age structure of disability of the adult population due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Materials and methods. Primary disability due to malignant neoplasms in 2020-2022 was studied using the accounting and reporting form No. 7-sobes. A comparative analysis of the structure and indicator of disability due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the North Caucasus Federal District, and the Russian Federation was carried out. Results. The age structure of malignancy disability shows stable growth dynamics in all age groups, especially noticeable among young people. At the same time, the indicators of disability for malignant neoplasms among people of retirement age prevail over similar indicators among middle-aged and young people. In the structure of disability, taking into account the classes of diseases among IDPs due to malignant neoplasms, disability group I in 2022 amounted to 40.9%, group II 35.1%, group III 13.3%. The significant prevalence of disability group I among those recognized as disabled for the first time is prolonged during the study period, thus confirming the high relevance of the problem of malignant neoplasms. During the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic, the growth dynamics of the disabled of the I disability group in 2021 and 2022 is noted. There was no significant impact on the indicators of disability groups II and III in this period.The indicators of primary disability due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are lower than in the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District, but have the same upward trend. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a negative dynamics in the growth of disability indicators for malignant neoplasms and an aggravation of the degree of disability. In the current situation, the analysis of indicators and the age structure of disability due to malignant neoplasms in dynamics makes it possible to identify the priorities of medical and social expertise and becomes important when developing age-oriented, differentiated rehabilitation programs for the disabled. Given the high correlation between the severity of disability and the neglect of the oncological process, early diagnosis and adequate treatment tactics for patients with malignant neoplasms will undoubtedly contribute to improving disability indicators, allowing timely medical and social examination.