North Odisha Research Articles

Feasibility of Estimating Type and Abundance of Iron Ore Using Field Hyperspectral Radiometry and Spectral Transformation in Precambrian Banded Iron Formations of North Odisha, India

Feasibility of Estimating Type and Abundance of Iron Ore Using Field Hyperspectral Radiometry and Spectral Transformation in Precambrian Banded Iron Formations of North Odisha, India

External Auditory Canal Granulations of Varying Aetiology Other than Cholesteatoma: A Series of Seven Cases

External Auditory Canal (EAC) granulations can occur due to various causes, each with different presenting features, treatment options, and prognoses. They can arise from trivial situations, such as a neglected Foreign Body (FB), or indicate serious pathology like squamous cell carcinoma. The most common causes of EAC granulations are otitis media, including squamous and mucosal types. However, clinical practice encounters numerous other rare and common causes. The present case series describes seven patients with EAC granulations resulting from different aetiologies apart from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM). The study was conducted over a six-month period at a Government Medical College (GMC) in North Odisha. It aims to assist clinicians in considering these situations when managing patients with EAC granulation. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these patients resulted in successful outcomes. Therefore, the author recommends considering these underlying causes whenever EAC granulations do not respond to appropriate medical treatment with antibiotics. Radiological imaging, fine needle aspiration cytology, and histopathological studies can help exclude many of these causes from the list of differential diagnoses.

Morphology and Mineralogical Characteristics of Detrital Iron Deposit of North Odisha Iron Ore Craton, India

Morphology and Mineralogical Characteristics of Detrital Iron Deposit of North Odisha Iron Ore Craton, India

Shipbuilding, Navigation and the South-West Silk Road: North Odisha, Bengal, Arakan, edited by S. Berthet

Shipbuilding, Navigation and the South-West Silk Road: North Odisha, Bengal, Arakan, edited by S. Berthet

Deformation Episodes in Iron Formation of Eastern Province of North Odisha Iron Ore Craton, Eastern India

Banded Iron Formation (BIF), a bi-component rock of the Precambrian period is exposed along with iron ore in distinct geographical entities encircling the North Odisha Iron Ore Craton (NOIOC) in Odisha – Jharkhand states, eastern India. Iron formation of the eastern province is confined to Badampahar-Gorumahisani-Sulaipat belt. The litho assemblages belonging to this Iron Ore Group comprise of banded cherty quartzite, banded magnetite quartzite, banded magnetite grunerite quartzite, tremolite-actinolite schist and fuchsite quartzite. Deformations in phases affected the BIF members and associated rocks of the area resulting in successive fold structures. The first generation folds (F1) are characteristically tight and isoclinal having NE plunging axes. The second phase fold (F2) structures in the area with reference to first fold are co-axial, upright and tight to open in nature profusely overprinting the F1 folds are parallel to the general trend (NE-SW) of the belt. Axial plane of the third phase folds (F3) are gentle and broad warps having NW-SE trending axial planes and are found to be the last traceable ones in the area. trending in NW-SE direction are found to be the last traceable ones in the area having gentle and broad warps. The co-axial F1 and F2 folds along the general trend (NE-SW) of the belt are superposed by NW-SE trending F3 fold, which exhibits a geometric configuration as F1 // F2 F3. Such type of multiphase deformed terrain has produced many interference fold patterns in minor scale out of superposition i.e. dome and basin structures, hook shaped patterns, eyed fold and S, Z, and M shaped folds. The paper discusses the episodes of structural events and their signatures in the interference fold patterns in the eastern province of the NOIOC. Keywords: Banded Iron Formation, Badampahar-Gorumahisani-Sulaipat Belt, Deformation Episodes, NOIOC

Genetic diversity analysis of the wild edible mushroom Termitomyces heimii by using RAPD markers

To identify the genetic diversity of wild edible Termitomyces heimii (T. heimii) mushrooms, they were collected from three geographical locations in Baleswar, Kendujhar and Mayurbhanj districts in the North Odisha of India and were assessed using RAPD markers. 5 primers produced 43 scorable bands with 100% of the polymorphism. Polymorphic banding patterns with the number of amplified fragments varied from 6 (OPT 5 and OPT 12) to 11 (OPT 1) with an average of 8.6 per primer. The PIC values ranged from minimum value of 0.30 to maximum of 0.44 with an average value of 0.38. The heterozygosity (H) varied from 0.29 to 0.43 with an average of 0.36. The number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I) and Nei’s gene diversity (h) were observed at population level as 1.604, 0.542 and 0.361 respectively whereas at species level the values were observed as 1.675, 0.684 and 0.459 respectively. These results showed the abundant genetic variability in the wild T. heimii. Nei’s gene diversity investigation showed that the genetic diversity was mainly found within geographical populations. The results of Mantel tests, UPGMA analysis, PCoA and PCA showed that geographical isolation is an important factor for the observed genetic differentiation.

Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) study regarding antimicrobial use guidelines of ICMR among doctors working in primary, secondary, tertiary healthcare facilities in a tribal area of North Odisha

Background: Antimicrobial resistance occurs with irrational use of antimicrobials, self-medication, and misuse of drug. Using data from ICMR's AMR surveillance, ICMR has developed evidence-based treatment guidelines for the treatment of 10 syndrome and infection.Aims and Objective:To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the use of antimicrobials according to ICMR guidelines among doctors working in a tribal area of North Odisha.Methods: A self-administered 18-question KAP survey tool was provided to total 53 doctors working in primary, secondary, tertiary healthcare facilities.The study systematically was done at the primary health center (in Rangamatia) and then upgraded primary health center (in Kisantandi), then community health center (in Bangiriposi) and finally medical college (PRM Medical College, Baripada) from June to August.Data were collected regarding how they are practicing use of antimicrobials inProphylaxis and treatment of surgical site infections.Use of antimicrobials for upper respiratory tract infectionFor management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Results: We discovered that most of the doctor's, i.e., 77% are unaware about the ICMR guideline while 13% know very well. In case of attitude of doctors toward ICMR guideline of antimicrobial use, it is found that majority of them, i.e., 90%, have very good attitude. So while 5% of doctors have no attitude toward the guideline. But when it comes to practice according to ICMR guidelines, a majority of doctors i.e., 58% fared well.Conclusions: Our findings indicate dissonance between knowledge and practices among doctors. So there needs to be much more widened awareness program so that the treatment guideline can be reached near the doctors working in tribal areas.

A cross-sectional observational study of lipid profile of cirrhosis of liver patients in a teaching hospital in North Odisha, India

Background: Lipids are essential component of biological membranes: also a part of free molecules and metabolic regulators which control cellular function and homeostasis in the body. Liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification includes serum lipid profile. In the general population; global prevalence of cirrhosis from autopsy studies ranges from 4.5% to 9.5%. Deaths from cirrhosis have been estimated to increase and would make it as the 12th leading cause of death in 2020. Although several studies have been conducted on dyslipidemia in cirrhotics in developed countries, there is a paucity of data in this regard in India.Methods: This observational study was carried out amongst 60 cirrhosis patients that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and attended the medicine OPD and admitted in medicine ward of Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India from June 2018 to Jan 2019.Results: In our study we had 52 were male and 8 were female. The average age of the patients in the study was 49.62±13.59 yrs. 91.67 % of the patients were alcoholic. Abdominal distension (93.33%) and ascites (81.67%) were most common presenting complaints. Pallor was present in 65.00% cases. Splenomegaly was present in 29 (48.33%) patients of cirrhosis of liver. Renal dysfunction was present in 22 (36.67%) cases. We found decreased HDLC (<40 mg/ Dl) in 34 (56.67%) cases. Hypolipidemia, in particular decreased HDLC level is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and vascular events.Conclusions: From this study we can conclude that lipid abnormalities are commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis and screening for the same is important for intervention with appropriate therapy to prevent cardiovascular events. Further studies on lipid abnormalities in these patients and the need for treatment are recommended.

An observational study from a new tertiary care hospital in North Odisha: clinical and etiological profile of acute ischemic stroke patients

Background: Worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. According to WHO estimation, by 2050 nearly 80% of stroke cases may occur in low and middle-income countries like China and India. It is critical that we understand the etiology causing the stroke so that appropriate treatment can be initiated in a timely fashion. Furthermore, understanding the risk factors associated with stroke is important before primary and secondary preventive measures can be prescribed to the patient.Methods: This observational study was carried out amongst 481 acute ischemic stroke patients that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in medicine ward of Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India from June 2018 to January 2019. Results: In our study, 481(60.43%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (39.57%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke is maximum in 51-70 years of age group which comprises of 59.46% of total patients. The average age + SD were 61.4±13.1 in our study. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 69.85% followed by dyslipidemia 51.77%. Most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (72.35%) followed by speech involvement (59.46%). Most common site of infarct was parietal (22.25%), followed by periventricular (12.68%).Conclusions: Most of the patients had ischemic stroke as compared to hemorrhagic stroke. It was more common in males. The study contributes to understanding of demographic characteristics, risk factors, and stroke subtypes in acute ischemic stroke. The importance of various risk factors among ischemic stroke subtypes should be stressed for prompt preventive strategies and treatment.

An observational study of clinico-etiological profile of Posterior circulation stroke patients in a new tertiary care hospital in North Odisha

An observational study of clinico-etiological profile of Posterior circulation stroke patients in a new tertiary care hospital in North Odisha

A Study on Prevalence and Pattern of Alcohol Consumption among the Munda Tribes of North Odisha

ABSTRACTAlcohol use and its relationship to the tribal people has been a part of their culture and tradition in different communities. Now it has become a common beverage among tribal people. Alcohol is taken unrestrictedly by the tribals as it is brewed at every household and therefore both men and women consume it. The study was conducted in Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha. One hundred and twenty Munda respondents were selected purposively and information on prevalence and patterns were collected. Munda’s usually consumes an indigenous fermented rice beer called ‘Diang’. Eighty-five percent males and eighty percent females were regular alcohol users. According to AUDIT, 36.6 percent of males and 28.3 percent females belong to harmful drinking category. The harmful effect of alcohol consumption experienced by tribes suggest that an alternative healthy option and lifestyle needs to be developed to help these tribes.

Assessing the effects of regional tectonic activity on groundwater flow in a coastal aquifer in India

The hydrodynamics of a coastal aquifer system was investigated in the Kendrapara district, Odisha, India. The analysis of 248 groundwater samples collected across one monsoonal season indicates that the anisotropic coastal aquifer is affected by salinity. Taking into account the hydrodynamic variables of hydraulic head, transmissivity, saturated thickness and the effective porosity of the aquifer, a Darcy flow analysis of groundwater was carried out to determine the flow volume residual, flow direction and flow rate of the aquifer system in the region. These modelled outputs display significant disturbed nature of groundwater ‘flow–regimes’ which, in turn, is suggestive of major structural changes to the depositional basin. Geospatial and geostatistical cluster analysis carried out for the modelled parameters in relation to the tectonic elements of the region indicated that faults have a significant influence on aquifer hydrodynamics and, in turn, on the hydrogeochemistry of the system. This inference is further justified from the spatial analysis of earthquake epicentres for the last 50 years which shows a close interrelationship with the ‘North Odisha Boundary Fault’. The investigation also draws inference from the sudden directional change of river Brahmani which seems to be affected by the ‘Mahakalapara–Rajnagar’ strike-slip fault. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the subsurface non-granular (clayey) horizons have been extensively deformed by the tectonic disturbances. This has led to the juxtaposition or detachment of aquifer domains which, in turn, has led to the intermixing of varied groundwater types giving rise to the observed salinity of the study region.

Spatial relationship between earthquakes, hot-springs and faults in Odisha, India

Odisha is famous for Mineral rich Eastern-Ghat mobile belt, hot springs and cultural Heritage. The hot springs are known for centuries and are used by public as a place for worship. Odisha falls under the II and III seismic zones in India. Most of the seismicity in Odisha is due to motion along some active normal faults along the Mahanadi Graben. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the active faults and understand spatial distribution of seismic activity in Odisha. It is also important to understand the Earthquakes and their relation with the Geology of Odisha and understand the neo-tectonic activity. There are 7 major hot springs found along the North Odisha Boundary Fault and Mahanadi Shear Zone. The hot water percolates deep into the Earth through porous and permeable fractured rocks along the fault. Depth of source for most of the hot springs in Odisha must be some few feets to few meters; however most of these observations are not based on scientific geophysical data. Therefore, spatial relationship between thermal springs, earthquakes, and geology of Odisha may provide better understanding of the hot-spring setting. By using the earthquake and fault data, the sense of motion along faults can be easily interpreted. All these information can explain the spatial distribution and inter-relation between hot-springs, faults and earthquakes in Odisha.

Performance of Bamboo based Agri-silvicultural Systems in North Odisha, India

A field experiment was conducted at Gobardhansul village of Baripada block, Mayurbhanj, during kharif season of June, 2014 to study the performance of bamboo based agri-silvicultural systems in north Odisha. The silvicultural component Bambusa vulgaris was grown at three different spacings (5×5 m2, 8×5 m2 and 8×8 m2) and four intercrops (cowpea, rice bean, turmeric and yam) were taken up within the interspaces in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Cowpea (Var: Utkalmanika), rice bean (var: SRBS-35), turmeric (var. Surama) and yam (var: Orissa Elite) were sown on 2nd July 2014 with recommended agronomic management practices and received 963.4 mm rainfall during the growing season. Maximum clump height, clump girth, total numbers of culms/clump and canopy diameter were recorded in bamboo at 8×8 m2 spacing followed by 8×5 m2 spacing. The narrowest spacing of 5×5 m2 had the lowest values of all growth parameters during the period of study. Irrespective of the spacing, cowpea and rice bean intercropped with bamboo recorded significantly more growth of bamboo as compared to turmeric and yam. All the intercrops yielded maximum at wider spacing and yield decreased progressively with decrease in spacing from 8×8 m2 to 5×5 m2. The decrease in bamboo yield obtained from 8×8 m2 spacing was to the extent of 15.57 and 6.80%, respectively over the narrower spacing of 5×5 m2 and 8×5 m2.

Measuring the Immeasurable? A Multidimensional Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions and its Impact on Customers: A Study on Select Industries in North Odisha

This paper examines the question of measurability of the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customers and business performance in North Odisha. Presuming that a company's institutional environment matters to its CSR strategy, this article aims to contribute to the establishment of a more comparatively and structurally oriented framework for analysing CSR. ‘If a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?’, paraphrasing this proverbial philosophy question, we ask ‘If a company has a strong CSR commitment but nobody recognises it, does it produce any benefits?’. Business returns from CSR practices, such as customers’ loyalty and company reputation, depend heavily on how the stakeholders perceive the company's social behaviour, making the measure of stakeholder perception a key issue in the process of CSR assessment. In this paper, the analysis of CSR activities, as perceived by the stakeholders, reveal some lessons on CSR practices in North Odisha, which can provide guidance to corporate entities for better implementation and impact study.

Consumers’ Perception towards Corporate Social Responsibility: An Empirical Study in North Odisha

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is viewed as a comprehensive set of policies, practices and programmes that are integrated into business operations, supply chains and decision-making processes throughout the organisation, wherever the organisation does business and includes responsibility for current and past actions as well as future impacts. In the last 20 years, there has been a sea of change in the nature of the triangular relationship between companies, the state and the society. Firms can no longer continue to act as independent entities regardless of the interest of the general public. The evolution of the relationship between companies and the society has been one of slow transformation from a hard-core business to a philanthropic one. In the light of this background, the objective of this paper was to analyse consumers’ expectations and perceptions towards CSR and to find the significant factors that influence consumer perceptions. This paper has also tried to find out the gap between the expectations and perceptions of the consumers about the companies regarding their social responsibility and also helps companies in understanding the expectations of consumers about CSR, so that companies can fulfil their duty in an appropriate manner. Our research suggests that consumers may well make inferences about company CSR performance on the basis of very limited information. This has implications for company CSR strategy and for public policy in which companies attempt to use the CSR halo to manipulate consumer perceptions of CSR performance.