North Kyungsang Research Articles

Distributed Morphology Analysis of a Morphologically- Conditioned Tone Shift in North Kyungsang Korean

Distributed Morphology Analysis of a Morphologically- Conditioned Tone Shift in North Kyungsang Korean

Syllables and Stress in Uzbek Nouns and Adjectives: With a Comparison to English and North Kyungsang Korean

This research analyses the syllables and stress placement in Uzbek nouns and adjectives. Syllables in Uzbek are divided into heavy and light to explain quantity-sensitivity in stress placement: Heavy syllables tend to attract stress. Previous studies argued that in Uzbek, stress docks on the final syllable except for loan words. However, this rule encounters exceptions. Hence, we have come up with new stress rules. Uzbek nouns and adjectives are stressed on the rightmost heavy syllable which is usually, but not always, a final syllable. In addition, if words do not contain any heavy syllables, then stress falls on the final light syllable. Furthermore, with the morpho-phonologically made superlative degree adjectives, stress falls on the word-initial heavy syllable. Finally, we will make a three-way comparison between the Uzbek stress system, the English stress system, and the North Kyungsang Korean tonal system, identifying the similarities and differences among them.

Diachronic Change in the Acoustic Realization of Pitch Accent in North Kyungsang Korean

Diachronic Change in the Acoustic Realization of Pitch Accent in North Kyungsang Korean

Current change in the loanword tonology of North Kyungsang Korean

Previous studies on the loanword tonology of North Kyungsang (NK) Korean have asserted that vowel length has a close relationship with tone...

Perception of English Tense and Lax Vowels by Young Dialect Speakers and its Pedagogical Implication

This study attempts to investigate the perception of English tense and lax vowels /i, ɪ, u:, ʊ, eɪ, ɛ, oʊ, ɔ/ by two regional dialect Korean speakers focusing on the phonological and phonetic distinction. Their perceptual patterns are analyzed based on the Perceptual Assimilation Model. For this study, two perceptual tasks, the AX discrimination task and an identification task, were carried out with 18 Kyunggi dialect speakers and 12 North Kyungsang dialect speakers by using different sets of 80 tokens. The major results indicate that: (1) in phonetic distinction, there was no major difference in discriminating tense and lax vowels between regional dialect speakers; (2) in phonological distinction, a significant difference was detected in /i-ɪ/ pair in North Kyungsang dialect speakers; (3) Both groups showed the poorest performance in perceiving /u:-ʊ/ in phonetic and phonological distinction, specifically lower in phonological distinction; and (4) Employing this result of the L2 perceptual category into PAM, it can be explained that each regional dialect group uses different parameters of category goodness in L2 acquisition. Based on this analysis, the pedagogical implication is provided.

Production of English tense and lax vowels by young speakers of Korean dialects

This study attempts to examine whether there is any difference in the acoustic properties of English tense and lax vowels by young speakers of Korean regional dialect speakers. A production test is developed to analyze acoustic manifestations of four phonetic parameters (F1, F2, vowel duration, and vowel distance) in English speech of Kyunggi Korean (KK) and North Kyungsang Korean (NKK) dialect speakers. The 184 collected data for the production test consisting of high vowels /i, ɪ, u, ʊ/ in CVC structure are taken from 20 female elementary school students (10 for each dialect group). The result shows no significant difference between two regional dialects, which indicates similar features of acoustic properties are uttered by both groups. However, despite this similarity between two groups, results from comparative analysis with native speakers show that NKK uses less vowel space from the calculated acoustic distance (Euclidean distance). Therefore, it can be argued that discrepancy in overall acoustic properties between young NKK and KK is insignificant but still distinguishing acoustic space of vowel would be harder for NKK. Based on these findings pedagogical implication for effective articulation training has been suggested.

정당 지지의 재편성과 지역주의의 변화 : 영남 지역의 2018년 지방선거 결과를 중심으로

이 글은 2018년 지방선거에서 영남 지방의 선거 결과를 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 특히 이 글은 1990년 3당 합당 이후 유사한 투표 행태를 대구/경북과 부산/울산/경남에서 상이한 선거결과가 나타난 데 대해 주목했다. 대구/경북 지역에서는 과거와 유사하게 자유한국당에 대한 지지가 강하게 나타났지만, 부산/울산/경남에서는 더불어민주당이 승리했다. 이 글은 이러한 결과가 경남 지역 유권자의 기존 정당 지지로부터의 이탈(dealignment)을 의미하는 것인지에 대해 살펴보고자 했다. 분석 결과, 대구, 경북 지역과 비교할 때 부산, 울산, 경남 지역유권자들이 자유한국당에 대한 정치적 애착감은 분명히 낮아졌지만, 그것이 곧바로 더불어민주당에 대한 애착이나 충성심의 강화로 이어진 것은 아니었다. 부산, 울산, 경남 지역 유권자들 사이에서는 오랫동안 지역주의 정치가 규정해 온 특정 정당에 대한 유대감(party ties)이 약화되면서 기존의 정파적 지지로부터의 이탈(dealignment)가 발생했다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 다른 정당에 대한 정치적 유대감의 형성은 아닌 만큼 당분간 이 지역 유권자들의 정치적 유동성이 높을 것으로 예상된다.

The imitation patterns of adults and children on f0 intervals in North Kyungsang Korean

The imitation patterns of adults and children on f0 intervals in North Kyungsang Korean

Pitch-Pattern Diffusion of Generational Tone Change in North Kyungsang Korean English Loanwords

Pitch-Pattern Diffusion of Generational Tone Change in North Kyungsang Korean English Loanwords

Pitch accent and the three-way laryngeal contrast in North Kyungsang Korean

Previous description of Korean’s three-way voiceless stop contrast notes differentiation in both voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (f0) on following vowels (Cho et al., 2002; Kang and Han, 2013; Kang, 2014). In a sound-change in-progress, however, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops has merged. The two are now differentiated primarily through f0 differences (Kang and Guion, 2008; Lee et al., 2013; Silva, 2006). North and South Kyungsang (NK and SK) are pitch accent dialects. SK has not undergone the change (Lee and Jongman, 2012): VOT is still a primary cue, potentially because f0 is already used for the pitch accent system (Lee et al., 2013). In NK, meanwhile, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops overlaps more for female than for male speakers, suggesting a possible change-in-progress (Holliday and Kong, 2011). As questions about the robustness of this change remain, we report data from 23 native NK speakers (6 older and 6 younger males; 5 older and 6 younger females). VOT and f0 findings suggest that the new pattern is incipient in NK: Older male talkers show the old pattern, younger female talkers the new pattern, and older female and younger male talkers fall between the two extremes.

Diachronic change in vowel length contrast in North Kyungsang Korean

Diachronic change in vowel length contrast in North Kyungsang Korean

Categorization and production in lexical pitch accent contrasts of North Kyungsang Korean

Categorization and production in lexical pitch accent contrasts of North Kyungsang Korean

Prosodic Structure of Wh-interrogatives and Intervention Effects in North Kyungsang Korean

Prosodic Structure of Wh-interrogatives and Intervention Effects in North Kyungsang Korean

Perception of English Stress by Korean Speakers: A Comparative Study of the Three Dialect Groups of Seoul Korean, Chonnam Korean, and North Kyungsang Korean

Perception of English Stress by Korean Speakers: A Comparative Study of the Three Dialect Groups of Seoul Korean, Chonnam Korean, and North Kyungsang Korean

일제시기 경상북도 경주군 안강수리조합 연구 -일본인 농업경영을 중심으로-

일제시기 경상북도 경주군 안강수리조합 연구 -일본인 농업경영을 중심으로-

Accent-Epenthesis Interaction Revisited

This study investigates the lexical statistical patterning in North Kyungsang Korean accent-epenthesis interaction. Previous phonetic studies of Korean epenthetic vowels showed that inserted vowels are not phonetically distinct from corresponding lexical vowels (Kim & Kochetov 2011; H-J. Kim 2015), suggesting that complete neutralization would not help NKK speakers access underlying representations of epenthetic vowels to avoid accenting epenthetic vowels. We performed a corpus study to examine whether other informative cues are available in the lexical probabilistic patterning, which might help NKK speakers with the covert interaction of accent and epenthesis. The results show that the lexical stochastic patterns would not provide a cue for the accent avoidance of epenthetic high vowels. Rather, it is assumed that there is a clear distinction of lexical strata in Korean phonology, helping NKK speakers learn the interaction. We propose a formal analysis adopting comparative phonotactics developed by Hayes (in press), based on two lexical strata: NATIVE and FOREIGN (e.g., Ito and Mester 1999). This analysis provides a better approach to accounting for the covert interaction that does not involve the learnability problem.

20세 이상 성인의 구두 굽 높이에 따른 균형과 보행형태의 변화

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different heel heights on gait deviation and balance. Method : Participants were 16 women majoring in physical therapy in Kyungbuk college, located in Yeong-ju, North Kyungsang Province. Balance and gait patterns were measured by Good Balance and GAIT Rite. Result : Statistically significant differences were found in swing right measured by Gait-rite, and also in Analyze End, Ant-post, Med-Lat, and gait ability score(p < .05) regarding dynamic balance ability. Conclusion : There was no statistically significant difference in gait ability between those who walked barefoot and highheeled. However, balance ability was different "between them". This shows that heel height can lead to decrease in gait ability. Further research should include more participants and use a wide range of heel heights.

Recursive I-Phrasing: Evidence from a Boundary Low Tone in North Kyungsang Korean*1

Recursive I-Phrasing: Evidence from a Boundary Low Tone in North Kyungsang Korean*1

The continuous or categorical effects for HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH in lexical pitch accent contrasts of Korean

The current research examines whether pitch contour shapes in North Kyungsang pitch accent contrasts provide a phonetic dimension for phonological discreteness in a mimicry task. Two pitch accent continua resynthesized were created for HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. To confirm a phonetic dimension for accounting for pitch accent categories in North Kyungsang Korean, the mimicries of speakers of two dialects (i.e., North Kyungsang & South Cholla) were compared. One of the findings showed that, for North Kyungsang speakers, the range of mean f0 peak times was a phonetic dimension undergoing a continuous shift within a stimulus continuum for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. On the other hand, for South Cholla speakers, there were no apparent shifts around categorical boundaries for either HH vs. HL or HH vs. LH. Regarding individual mimicries on f0 peak timing, there are many variations. For HH vs. LH, three North Kyungsang speakers showed a discrete pattern reflecting a shift in phonological categories, but for HH vs. HL, there was no such distinction showing a categorical shift, though there were statistically significant differences for two speakers. Interestingly, one of the North Kyungsang speakers showed a continuous phonetic dimension for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. Lastly, the f0 valley timing did not exhibit a discrete or gradient phonetic dimension for speakers of either dialect. On the basis of these results, what is interesting is that the tonal target such as high tone in North Kyungsang pitch accent categories within the autosegmental-metrical (AM) theory may be realized within individual cognitive systems for representing the interaction of perception and production.

Tone Patterns in Address Form of Personal Names in North Kyungsang Korean*

Tone Patterns in Address Form of Personal Names in North Kyungsang Korean*