North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Research Articles

Seed yield improvements in slow‐darkening pinto bean: Registration of ‘ND Rodeo’

Abstract‘ND Rodeo’ (PVP no. 202300270; Reg. no. CV‐356, PI 703020) is a new slow‐darkening (SD) pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Pinto bean is the largest market class grown in the United States, representing over 47% of the total US production for dry beans, and more than 70% is produced in North Dakota. SD pinto beans offer a good alternative to commercial cultivars of regular darkening (RD) pinto beans, which are typically subject to the risk of economic losses due to seed coat darkening. However, reaching seed yields comparable to RD pintos has been challenging. Between 2017 and 2022, ND Rodeo was tested across 25 environments in North Dakota, where seed yield was significantly higher than the SD pinto cultivars ‘ND Palomino’ and ‘Vibrant’ (18% and 22%, respectively), and comparable with RD pinto cultivars ‘La Paz’ and ‘Monterrey’. ND Rodeo is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight, but similar to the commercial checks, it is susceptible to local races/strains of white mold, anthracnose, and rust pathogens. ND Rodeo has an average height of 56 cm which is significantly higher than the average of ND Palomino, Vibrant, and La Paz, and exhibits a desirable upright architecture to facilitate direct harvest. It has a 100‐seed weight of 36.2 g and matures in 102 days. Canning quality was rated as acceptable.

Improved disease tolerance, higher seed yield and shape in dark red kidney bean: Registration of ‘ND Redbarn’

Abstract‘ND Redbarn’ (PVP. no. 202300271; Reg. no. CV‐357, PI 703021) is a new dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released in 2023 by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Compared to other market classes, kidney beans usually command higher prices. However, kidney beans are less productive than other market classes. Minnesota is the largest dark red kidney bean producer in the United States, accounting for ∼90% of the total production in 2022. ND Redbarn was released based on its good adaptation to this region, higher seed yield, large seed size, and desirable seed shape characteristics. Between 2012 and 2021, ND Redbarn was tested across 16 environments in Minnesota, where seed yield was significantly higher than commercial checks ‘Montcalm’, ‘Red Hawk’, and ‘Talon’ (14%, 27%, and 9%, respectively) and comparable with ‘Dynasty’. ND Redbarn is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight. ND Redbarn exhibits higher field tolerance to the root rot fungal complex infection compared to Montcalm, Red Hawk, and Talon, and is similar to Dynasty. ND Redbarn has shown higher levels of tolerance to white mold than Montcalm and Red Hawk. Under Minnesota environments, ND Redbarn shows an average plant height of 51 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 50.4 g, and matures in approximately 99 days. The canning quality for Redbarn is within acceptable commercial ranges.

Registration of HA‐R20 and HA‐R21 confection sunflower germplasms resistant to rust and downy mildew

AbstractRust and downy mildew (DM) are detrimental diseases in global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Disease often results in yield loss and reduced seed quality. Host resistance to DM and rust is mediated by single dominant genes in sunflower. To better utilize genetic resistance, gene pyramiding is a common practice in crop breeding to extend the durability and longevity of resistance. Two confection sunflower germplasm lines, HA‐R20 (Reg. no. GP‐387, PI 702361) and HA‐R21 (Reg. no. GP‐388, PI 702362), were developed using the pedigree breeding method and DNA marker‐assisted selection and released by the USDA‐ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2022. HA‐R20 is an F3‐derived F4 confection restorer selection from the cross of HA‐DM2 and HA‐R8, carrying rust resistance genes R12 and R15 and DM resistance gene PlArg. HA‐R21 is an F3‐derived F4 confection maintainer selection from the cross of HA‐DM3 and HA‐R8, carrying rust resistance genes R13a and R15 and DM resistance gene Pl17. Disease reaction and marker testing for DM and rust confirmed that both germplasms harbor DM and rust R genes in the homozygous condition and are resistant to all DM and rust races identified in North America to date. These multiple disease‐resistant lines will provide the sunflower industry with durable disease‐resistant sources for the continued improvement of the crop.

Registration of ‘ND Frohberg’ hard red spring wheat

Abstract‘ND Frohberg’ (Reg. no. CV‐1200, PI 698310) is a hard‐red spring wheat (HRSW; Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES) in 2020. ND Frohberg was selected from the cross ND709‐9/ND2902. ND709‐9 was an experimental line with the pedigree (ND 2709/3/’Grandin’*3//’Ramsey’/ND 622). ND2902 was an experimental line with the pedigree (ND674//ND2710/ND688). It was tested as experimental line NDHRS16‐13‐97 and released because of improved straw strength, yield potential, strong disease resistance and end‐use quality. ND Frohberg is highly resistant to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), and moderately resistant to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina), bacterial leaf streak (caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa), and Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum). The name ND Frohberg was chosen to honor Dr. Richard Frohberg, hard red spring wheat breeder at NDSU for 37 years. During his tenure at NDSU, Dr. Frohberg's varieties were widely cultivated, reaching as much as 65% of the acreage in North Dakota in 2003. He was responsible for the cross that resulted in this variety.

Seed yield improvement in navy bean: Registration of ‘ND Polar’

Abstract‘ND Polar’ (Reg. no. CV‐349, PI 700767) is a new navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Polar was developed using a modified pedigree method (F1–F5), followed by pure line selection based on agronomic performance, disease resistance, and seed quality characteristics. With ∼16% of the total dry bean production in the United States, navy bean is the third most important market class after pinto and black. Accounting for 35% of the total production, North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the United States. Between 2015 and 2021, ND Polar was tested across 23 environments in North Dakota, where seed yield was significantly higher than ‘HMS Medalist’, ‘Blizzard’, and ‘Ensign’ and similar to ‘T9905’. ND Polar is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight. ND Polar has desirable upright architecture to facilitate direct harvest. Under North Dakota environments, ND Polar shows an average plant height of 52 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 18.3 g, and matures in 102 days. Canning quality was rated as acceptable. Similar to the commercial checks, ND Polar is susceptible to local races/strains of the bean rust pathogen, anthracnose, and white mold. Other traits of agronomic and economic importance are within acceptable ranges.

Registration of ‘ND Victory’ green field pea

Abstract‘ND Victory’ (Reg. no. CV‐31, PI 701908) is the first semi‐leafless, green cotyledon field pea cultivar (Pisum sativum L.) developed by the North Dakota State University Pulse Crops Breeding Program and approved for release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. It has white flowers, opaque seed coat, and smooth, round seed. It is semi‐dwarf, with lodging score of 3.3/9 and canopy height of 57 cm. Based on 30 environments (location‐year) of replicated yield trials in North Dakota, seed yield of ND Victory (2847 kg ha−1) was similar to commercial cultivar ‘CDC Striker’ (2819 kg ha−1) but significantly greater than ‘Cruiser’ (2653 kg ha−1) and ‘Aragorn’ (2639 kg ha−1) by 7.3 and 7.9%, respectively. ND Victory was also tested across 14 environments in Montana, where it had an average seed yield of 3264 kg ha−1, which was similar to ‘Hampton’ (3355 kg ha−1) but significantly greater than Aragorn (3110 kg ha−1) by 4.9%. ND Victory matures in approximately 90 days. ND Victory is a high protein cultivar, with protein content of 25.2%, exceeding the premium protein threshold of 24%. ND Victory (20%) is resistant to powdery mildew and performed similarly with resistant check ‘Spider’ (15%) and had significantly lower disease severity than ‘Salamanca’ (97%, susceptible check) and CDC Striker (82%). In irrigated field trials conducted under high Ascochyta blight pressure, ND Victory (5%) had lower disease severity than ‘AC Agassiz’ (10%) and CDC Striker (14%). ND Victory and CDC Striker exhibited similar response but significantly lower severity than AC Agassiz to Fusarium root rot inoculated with multiple Fusarium species pathogenic to pea.

Registration of HA‐DM9, HA‐DM10, and HA‐DM11 oilseed sunflower germplasms with dual resistance to sunflower downy mildew

AbstractDowny mildew (DM), caused by the obligate pathogen Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni, is a worldwide yield‐limiting disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). To obtain durable DM resistance in sunflower hybrids, there is a need to stack new resistance genes into the best available germplasm. The DM resistance genes Pl8, Pl17, and Pl18 were recently fine mapped to sunflower chromosomes 13, 4, and 2, respectively. The current study pyramided these genes into a single genotype by marker‐assisted selection. Three oilseed sunflower germplasms, HA‐DM9 (Reg. no. GP‐381, PI 700009), HA‐DM10 (Reg. no. GP‐379, PI 700004), and HA‐DM11 (Reg. no. GP‐380, PI 700005), are dual DM‐resistant germplasm lines developed and have been released by the USDA‐ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2021. The three lines, HA‐DM9 (Pl8Pl8/Pl17Pl17), HA‐DM10 (Pl8Pl8/Pl18Pl18), and HA‐DM11 (Pl17Pl17/Pl18Pl18), each stacked two different DM genes, providing broad resistance to all P. halstedii races identified in North America and Europe so far, and can be used in sunflower breeding programs to enhance DM resistance.

Registration of ‘ND VitPro’ hard red spring wheat

Abstract‘ND VitPro’ (Reg. no. CV‐1194, PI 682660) is a hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2017. It was tested as experimental line ND825 and released because of improved straw strength as well as strong disease resistance and end‐use quality. ND VitPro is moderately resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, and Fusarium head blight. The name ND VitPro was chosen due to its high vitreous kernel percentage and high grain protein.

Registration of two oilseed sunflower germplasms HA‐DM7 and HA‐DM8 resistant to sunflower downy mildew

AbstractDowny mildew (DM) is one of the most destructive diseases in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production worldwide that limits yield and reduces seed quality. The oilseed sunflower germplasms HA‐DM7 (Reg. no. GP‐375, PI 691508) and HA‐DM8 (Reg. no. GP‐376, PI 698192) were developed using backcrossing, pedigree breeding, and DNA marker‐assisted selection for DM resistance. They were released by the USDA‐ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in July 2019 and March 2020, respectively. HA‐DM7 is a BC2F3‐derived BC2F4 oilseed maintainer selection from the cross of HA 89*2//NMS HA 89/PI 494578, and HA‐DM8 is a BC2F5‐derived BC2F6 oilseed maintainer selection from the cross of HA 89*2//NMS HA 89/PI 494576. HA‐DM7 harbors the DM R gene Pl20 mapped to sunflower chromosome 8, while HA‐DM8 harbors the DM R gene Pl35 on sunflower chromosome 1. Both genes were derived from wild sunflower species Helianthus argophyllus accessions, PI 494578 and PI 494576, respectively, both having broad‐spectrum resistance to the most predominant and virulent Plasmopara halstedii races identified in North America and Europe. Phenotypic and molecular testing confirmed that HA‐DM7 and HA‐DM8 germplasms are homozygous for the DM gene. These DM‐resistant oilseed sunflower germplasms will expand the genetic pool for sunflower breeding projects globally, protecting sunflower production from yield losses.

NDOLA‐2, a high‐yielding, open‐pollinated conventional spring type canola in North Dakota

AbstractNDOLA‐2 (Reg. no. GP‐9, PI 698655) is an open‐pollinated, non–genetically modified, spring‐type canola (Brassica napus L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and approved for specialty release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. NDOLA‐2 was tested as experimental line NDC‐E16198 from 2017 to 2020 (16 location‐years) in NDSU canola breeding nurseries and in 2019 and 2020 (8 location‐years) in North Dakota Canola Variety Trials (ND‐CVTs). NDOLA‐2 has been identified as a germplasm with higher seed yield potential and disease tolerance. NDOLA‐2 had 5.5% higher seed yield and 2.1% lower oil contents compared with those of commercial hybrid checks in NDSU canola breeding trials. Also, NDOLA‐2 had 5.4% higher seed yield and 1.6% lower oil content over the means of commercial cultivars/hybrids in ND‐CVTs. It has been identified as resistant to blackleg disease (Pathogenicity Group 4) and Sclerotinia stem rot disease of canola. NDOLA‐2 flowers within 44 d from seeding, has a flowering period that lasts 22 d, and reaches maturity within 93 d from seeding with plants that are 103 cm tall. It is resistant to lodging, with a score of 2.1 out of 9, and has an overall breeder score of 8.0, where the trial mean score for all locations was 7.7.

Registration of HA‐R14, HA‐R15, HA‐R16, and HA‐R17 oilseed sunflower germplasm with broad resistance to rust and downy mildew

AbstractRust and downy mildew (DM) are two of the most important sunflower diseases in the world. The development of sunflower hybrids with enhanced levels of genetic resistance to both diseases is a goal for sunflower breeding. Four oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm lines, HA‐R14 (Reg. no. GP‐371, PI 698193), HA‐R15 (Reg. no. GP‐372, PI 698194), HA‐R16 (Reg. no. GP‐373, PI 698195), and HA‐R17 (Reg. no. GP‐374, PI 698196) are multiple rust‐ and DM‐resistant lines that were developed and released by the USDA‐ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2020. Three lines, HA‐R14 (R4R4/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), HA‐R15 (R5R5/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), and HA‐R16 (R13bR13b/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), stack two different rust genes with a common DM gene PlArg, and HA‐R17 (R13bR13b/R15R15) possesses two rust genes, R13b and R15. These germplasm lines will provide a broad spectrum of useful sources of resistance to all known races of rust and DM.

Registration of ‘ND Grano’ durum wheat

AbstractDurum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] is mainly used for the production of pasta, couscous, and bulgur. Spring durum wheat cultivar ‘ND Grano’ (Reg. no. CV‐1186, PI 687795) was released in 2017 and is adapted to North Dakota and surrounding regions. It was developed by the durum breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Grano was tested as D09557 in the yield trials and has the pedigree D00752/DH01146. In field trials, ND Grano showed high grain yield potential, disease resistance, excellent end‐use qualities, and low cadmium uptake. Based on data from 34 location‐years of testing in the Uniform Regional Durum Nursery, the average grain yield of ND Grano was 4,008 kg ha–1, compared with 3,867 kg ha–1 for ‘Divide’ and 3,978 kg ha–1 for ‘Joppa’. ND Grano has very strong dough mixing characteristics and a high gluten index. Fusarium head blight (FHB) tolerance of ND Grano is similar to Divide. ND Grano is also resistant to predominant races of stem rust.

Registration of ‘ND Crown’ chickpea

Abstract‘ND Crown’ (Reg. no. CV‐342, PI 694865), a large‐seeded kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), was developed by the North Dakota State University Pulse Crops Breeding Program and approved for release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Crown, the first chickpea cultivar from the program, was selected specifically for adaptation to North Dakota growing conditions on the basis of its high yield potential, medium maturity, large seed size, and moderate resistance to Ascochyta blight. Based on 21 environments (location‐years) of yield trials across North Dakota and Montana, ND Crown had an average yield (2,152 kg ha−1) that was similar to the commercial chickpea cultivars ‘CDC Frontier’ (2,248 kg ha−1) and ‘CDC Orion’ (2,108 kg ha−1) but significantly greater than ‘Sierra’ (1,262 kg ha−1). ND Crown was moderately resistant to Ascochyta blight, with similar reaction as CDC Frontier and CDC Orion under moderate disease pressure. Under high disease pressure, ND Crown displayed significantly lower Ascochyta blight severity than CDC Frontier and CDC Orion. ND Crown exhibited an upright indeterminate growth habit and resistance to lodging. ND Crown had a greater percentage of large seeds (>8 mm) and higher 1,000‐seed weight than CDC Frontier but was similar to CDC Orion. As a high‐yielding large‐seeded chickpea cultivar, ND Crown is a promising alternative to CDC Frontier and CDC Orion in North Dakota and nearby states.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trial Spotlight: Goldrush

‘Goldrush’ is a russet potato variety commonly grown for the fresh potato market particularly for baking and boiling. It was selected from the progeny of a cross between ND450-3Russ and Lemhi Russet at North Dakota State University (Johansen et al. 1993). It was released in 1992 from the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Goldrush’ demonstrates high yield and good tuber characteristics compared to its commercial standard ‘Atlantic’. Tuber production and quality results provided in this spotlight are summarized from various trials conducted by the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural and Extension Center from 2005 to 2019, except 2012.
 This is a minor revision with an added author. Originally published 5/2017.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1299

Registration of ‘ND Dawn’ large yellow pea

Abstract‘ND Dawn’ (Reg. no. CV‐30, PI 694866), a semi‐dwarf, semi‐leafless, large‐seeded yellow field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was developed by the pulse crops breeding program at North Dakota State University and approved for release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Dawn, the first yellow field pea cultivar from the program, was developed by the bulk‐pedigree method. Based on 18 environments (location‐years) of yield trials across North Dakota, ND Dawn had similar seed yield (2,843 kg ha−1) with the commercial yellow pea cultivars ‘AC Agassiz’ (2,875 kg ha−1) and ‘DS Admiral’ (2,799 kg ha−1) but significantly greater than ‘CDC Golden’ (2,633 kg ha−1). ND Dawn was also tested across eight environments in Montana, where it had an average seed yield of 3,803 kg ha−1, which was significantly greater than ‘Delta’ (3,554 kg ha−1) but similar to DS Admiral (3,686 kg ha−1) or AC Agassiz (3,565 kg ha−1). ND Dawn matures in approximately 94 d. It is resistant to lodging, with a plant height index of 0.66. It has uniform round seed, with size larger than Agassiz, a medium‐seeded yellow pea cultivar. ND Dawn's protein content, 24%, is acceptable to get a premium price in the current market for high‐protein pea. ND Dawn and AC Agassiz exhibited similar responses to Fusarium root rot based on a field trial inoculated with multiple Fusarium species pathogenic to pea. In an irrigated field trial conducted under high Ascochyta blight pressure, ND Dawn yielded similarly to AC Agassiz and ‘CDC Striker’ despite having a higher leaf necrosis percentage. Other agronomic traits of ND Dawn are within market acceptable ranges.

A new black bean with resistance to bean rust: Registration of ‘ND Twilight’

Abstract‘ND Twilight’ (Reg. no. CV‐332, PI 693268; PVP‐202000258) is a new black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. ND Twilight was developed using a modified pedigree method (F1–F5), followed by pure line selection based on agronomic, disease, and quality traits, along with specific DNA markers. With ∼24% of the total dry bean production in the United States, black bean is the second most important market class after pinto. Accounting for ∼35% of the total production, North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the United States. However, both biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors responsible for seed yield reductions. Between 2014 and 2019, ND Twilight was tested across more than 21 environments in North Dakota, where seed yield was significantly different from ‘Zorro’ and similar to ‘Eclipse’ and ‘Loreto’. ND Twilight is resistant to the most common race (20‐3) of the bean rust pathogen and Bean common mosaic virus. It also has intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight and to soybean cyst nematode (HG Type 0). ND Twilight has desirable upright architecture (Type IIa). Under North Dakota conditions, ND Twilight shows an average plant height of 49 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 19.7 g, and matures in ∼99 d. Canning quality was rated as acceptable. Other traits of agronomic and economic importance are within acceptable commercial ranges.

‘ND Falcon’, a new pinto bean with combined resistance to rust and soybean cyst nematode

Abstract‘ND Falcon’ pinto bean (PVP‐201900174, Reg. no. CV‐326, PI 690446) is a new cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Pinto bean is the most important dry bean market class in the United States. North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the country, where ∼50% of production is pinto bean. Both biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors responsible for seed yield reductions. Between 2013 and 2018, ND Falcon was tested across more than 22 environments in North Dakota. Averaged across environments, seed yield of ND Falcon was not significantly different from commonly grown pinto bean cultivars in the region. Nonetheless, ND Falcon is resistant to the most common race (20‐3) of the bean rust pathogen and to soybean cyst nematode (HG Type 0). Therefore, a seed yield advantage under disease pressure would be expected for ND Falcon compared with other pinto bean cultivars while eliminating or reducing the need for fungicide and/or nematicide applications. ND Falcon has desirable upright architecture (type IIa) with short vines. Under North Dakota conditions, ND Falcon shows an average plant height of 53 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 37.0 g, and matures in approximately 103 d. Other traits of agronomic or economic importance are within acceptable commercial ranges for pinto bean.

‘ND Pegasus’, a new great northern bean with upright plant architecture and high seed yield

Abstract‘ND Pegasus’ great northern bean (PVP‐201900176, Reg. no. CV‐328, PI 690448) is a new cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Great northern bean is a market class of significant economic importance in the United States. In North Dakota especially, biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors for seed yield reductions. Between 2013 and 2018, ND Pegasus, along with great northern cultivars commonly grown in the region, was tested across more than 35 environments in North Dakota and other states. Seed yield of ND Pegasus was significantly higher by 560, 414, and 571 kg ha‐1 compared with ‘Matterhorn’, ‘Aries’, and ‘Powderhorn’, respectively. However, seed yield of ND Pegasus and ‘Taurus’ were similar. ND Pegasus has an excellent upright architecture that improves the efficiency of direct harvest. Based on greenhouse and DNA marker data, ND Pegasus is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has improved resistance to white mold. ND Pegasus has excellent seed quality (color, shape, and size) and is larger than most commercial cultivars commonly grown in the region. ND Pegasus has acceptable canning quality based on some pilot testing. The average plant height of ND Pegasus is 71 cm, and 100‐seed weight 36.8 g. It matures in approximately 103 d. Other agronomic traits of economic importance are within commercial acceptable ranges.

‘ND Whitetail’, a new white kidney bean with high seed yield and intermediate resistance to white mold and bacterial blights

Abstract‘ND Whitetail’ (Reg. no. CV‐327, PI 690447; PVP‐201900175) is a new white kidney bean cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Within the Andean gene pool, kidney beans are the most economically important market classes worldwide, with dark‐red kidney bean being the most commonly grown class, followed by light‐red and white kidneys. There is an increased interest in white kidney bean in the United States, mostly stimulated by novel research claiming additional health benefits related to its consumption. However, biotic and abiotic stresses still limit the full seed yield potential of kidney bean cultivars. Averaged across environments, the seed yield of ND Whitetail was significantly higher by 650, 976, and 459 kg ha−1 than ‘Beluga’, ‘Silver Cloud’, and ‘Snowdon’, respectively. ND Whitetail has an average plant height of 52 cm and matures in approximately 101 d. Results from canning tests showed that ND Whitetail received a canning score of 5.1. ND Whitetail has high levels of resistance to white mold and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) along with intermediate resistance to bacterial diseases. Given the superior seed yield quality and agronomic performance, useful agronomic traits such as seed size, BCMV resistance, white mold and halo blight resistance, and superior canning quality, ND Whitetail could become an important white kidney cultivar in the United States.

Registration of ‘ND Riveland’ Durum Wheat

‘ND Riveland’ (Reg. no. CV‐1154, PI 687796) spring durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husnot] was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDA‐ARS and released on 5 July 2017. The original cross DT764/DH01146 was made in fall 2005. ND Riveland was developed using the pedigree breeding method and was bulked as an F4:5 line in summer 2009. ND Riveland was tested as D09690 in the Uniform Regional Durum Nursery and the North Dakota Durum State Variety Trials from 2013 to 2017. High grain yield potential, disease resistance, excellent end‐use qualities, and low cadmium uptake were the basis for ND Riveland's release. ND Riveland had higher yield than the predominant North Dakota cultivars ‘Divide’ and ‘Joppa’, as well as very strong dough mixing characteristics and a high gluten index. ND Riveland has improved Fusarium head blight tolerance compared with Divide and is resistant to predominant races of stem rust and the leaf rust.