North American Reliability Council Research Articles

NERC’s control performance standards based load frequency controller for a multi area deregulated power system with ANFIS approach

Abstract This paper presents the design of a North American Reliability Council (NERC) standards BAL-001-2 based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) controller for multi-area deregulated power system under different contract scenarios. The proposed controller is tested on the Indian regional grid system and its control performance standards are compared with the conventional PID controller and ANFIS controller. The major objectives are (i) To find a suitable control for mitigating the diverse LFC problems in a deregulated power system (ii) to comply with the NERC control performance standards which are CPS1, CPS2 and BAAL, and (iii) to reduce the wear and tear of the generating units. Dynamic modelling of controllers, test system and simulation studies are performed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results validate that the NERC standards based ANFIS controller is one of the best controller for the four area Indian regional grid under deregulated environment.

A Distributed State Estimator Utilizing Synchronized Phasor Measurements

With the creation of balancing authorities by the North American Reliability Council that span large portions of the North American interconnection, and stringent requirements for real time monitoring of power system evolution, faster and more accurate state estimation algorithms that can efficiently handle systems of very large sizes are needed in the present environment. This paper presents a distributed state estimation algorithm suitable for large-scale power systems. Synchronized phasor measurements are applied to aggregate the voltage phase angles of each decomposed subsystem in the distributed state estimation solution. The aggregated state estimation solution is obtained from the distributed solution using a sensitivity analysis based update at chosen boundary buses. Placement of synchronized phasor measurements in the decomposed subsystems is also investigated in this paper. Test results on the IEEE 118-bus test bed are provided

Security applications and architecture for an open market

With increased energy use, very little new transmission, and open access, the electric power system is experiencing much greater levels of regional transfers. These new requirements push the system to its limits for maximum economic benefit, while maintaining adequate security margins requires online real-time network analysis. An interconnected system can collapse due to a number of different limits being exceeded: thermal, voltage stability, transient stability, and dynamic stability. EPRI has been developing the infrastructure to extract data from proprietary EMS systems, tools to collect and manage large amounts of modeling data, and advanced security applications. These applications will significantly improve the security and efficiency of the operation of the electric power grid for the benefit of all users. EPRI's Grid Operations and Planning department has been working with its members and with the North American Reliability Council to develop technology to: improve data exchange and data communication for security applications; develop transactions systems for tracking transmission reservations and energy schedules; and develop advanced security and reliability applications that use this technology. This article is a summary of technology that has been developed, or is in the process of being developed, that would be useful in improving real-time data modeling exchange for security applications and online security applications that use this technology.

98/02150 Dynamic analysis of substation busbar structures

The study of North American Reliability Council reports indicate that protection systems frequently play a role in the sequence of events that lead to power system disturbances. While it is generally believed that the self-monitoring and self-checking feature of digital relays will reduce the probability of such relay involvement, there has been no qualitative evaluation of the effect of such a reduction. The technique of “importance sampling” is used to make this problem more manageable. Using the New England 39-bus system, it is shown that reducing probability of relay involvement has a significant influence on overall system reliability.

98/02148 Application of grey linear programming to short-term hydro scheduling

The study of North American Reliability Council reports indicate that protection systems frequently play a role in the sequence of events that lead to power system disturbances. While it is generally believed that the self-monitoring and self-checking feature of digital relays will reduce the probability of such relay involvement, there has been no qualitative evaluation of the effect of such a reduction. The technique of “importance sampling” is used to make this problem more manageable. Using the New England 39-bus system, it is shown that reducing probability of relay involvement has a significant influence on overall system reliability.

Anatomy of power system disturbances: importance sampling

The study of North American Reliability Council reports indicate that protection systems frequently play a role in the sequence of events that lead to power system disturbances. While it is generally believed that the self-monitoring and self-checking feature of digital relays will reduce the probability of such relay involvement, there has been no qualitative evaluation of the effect of such a reduction. The technique of “importance sampling” is used to make this problem more manageable. Using the New England 39-bus system, it is shown that reducing probability of relay involvement has a significant influence on overall system reliability.