Normative Value Research Articles

Project of functional zoning of the territory of Lianozovsky park in Moscow

Classifying the factors that cause anthropogenic impact on natural complexes and their consequences, three main types can be identified: mechanical, physico-chemical, and biological. One of the applied approaches in the work is to ensure compliance with the maximum recreational loads on the projected tourist routes of the “Lianozovsky Park” Park of Culture and Recreation. The work pays attention to the condition of management and organization of the recreational function, which is aimed at regulating the potential number of visitors based on the proposed regulations on the use of appropriate functional subzones calculated by the authors. The number of visitors to the natural and anthropogenic tourist complex (NATC) was determined, a comparative analysis of the recreational load for compliance with the normative value was carried out, a functional zoning project was proposed, including the design of three subzones of various functional purposes and a mode of their use was proposed.

Patient-Reported Esthetic Outcomes Following Secondary Rhinoplasty in Adult Patients with a Cleft lip and Palate.

Secondary rhinoplasty is a frequently requested revision procedure in patients with a history of cleft lip and palate (CLP). The satisfaction of patients with the esthetic outcome of the procedure has been infrequently studied. Adult patients with CLP who had undergone a secondary rhinoplasty between 2009 and 2019 were identified in a cross-sectional cohort that had filled the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module. The effect of the cleft type and the number and timing of the nasal revision surgeries were evaluated. Forty participants were included, median age of 26 years (range 18-59 years). Nine (23%) participants had a history of bilateral CLP. The median time form the last nasal operation to the study was 4.5 years (range 16 days to 10 years). The participants reported being satisfied with the appearance of the nose (median score 52, interquartile range [IQR] 44-60) but the satisfaction with the appearance of the nostrils (median score 44, IQR 30-64) was below the normative value for the scale. Patients with a history of bilateral CLP reported worse satisfaction across all the aspects of health-related quality of life assessed (P < .05 for all). No association was observed between the age at the first open rhinoplasty and satisfaction with the appearance of the nose or the nostrils. Following secondary rhinoplasty, adults with CLP are, in general, satisfied with their nose but less so with nostrils. Compared to unilateral CLP, bilateral CLP is associated with a worse health-related quality of life.

Preoperative reference values for breast cancer patients using the BREAST-Q

IntroductionThe BREAST-Q can be used to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of breast cancer patients. Data interpretation is limited by the lack of previous reference values based solely on patients with a recent breast cancer diagnosis. MethodsA total of 627 patients, all with newly diagnosed breast cancer, were asked to participate in the study. The BREAST-Q modules for mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery were used. The results for the scales were reported as mean with standard deviation (SD). The effect of patient characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), and ASA-classification on the HRQL were analyzed with multiple linear regression. ResultsIn total, 315 patients (50.2 %) participated. The mean (SD) age was 60.3 (10.1) years. Mean scores (SD) were the following: Psychosocial Well-being 70.8 (15.0), Sexual Well-being 58.2 (15.1), Satisfaction with Breasts 59.9 (15.6), and Physical Well-being: Chest 81.7 (15.7). The psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and satisfaction with breasts were all similar compared to the normative mean scores of the scales. The physical well-being of the chest was lower than the normative mean value (p < 0.001). Psychosocial well-being (p = 0.007), sexual well-being (p = 0.007), and satisfaction with breasts (p < 0.001) were lower in patients with higher BMI. Younger patients reported lower physical well-being of the chest (p < 0.001). ConclusionsThis study established preoperative reference values for the BREAST-Q in breast cancer patients. This data can be used to evaluate the HRQL in breast cancer patients accurately.

The Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Risk Profile of Females Living in Glendale, ILembe District of Kwa-Zulu Natal

Background: Empirical studies have indicated that cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk profiles are upsurging among the South African population. However, there is a limited number of studies that have been conducted to validate these findings in rural communities. Aim: To study the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors of females residing in rural Glendale in the ILembe District, South Africa. Methods: One hundred females (aged 18–40 years) voluntarily participated in a cross-sectional observational study. All participants completed an ISAK somatotype profiling, and measured their fasting cholesterol, glucose, blood pressure and resting heart rate. Results: Participants’ average age, body mass index, stature, and body mass, were 28.34 ± 7.07 years, 29.5 ± 8.06 kg/m2, 157.26 ± 6.09 cm, and 72.9 ± 21.12 kg, respectively. The cohort had a mean waist circumference of 94.2 ± 22.1 cm, hip circumference of 108.4 ± 20.9 cm, and waist-to-hip ratio of 0.86. Participants’ mean heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were 86.31 ± 8.68 bpm, 116.79 ± 16.34 mmHg, and 82.14 ± 10.87 mmHg, respectively. Eleven participants recorded a resting heart rate greater than 100 bpm. Average blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein recorded were 4.87 ± 1.26 mmol/L, 3.78 ± 0.94 mmol/L, 1.76 ± 1.86 mmol/L, and 1.31 ± 0.4 mmol/L. Eighty-three participants HDL-C were below the recommended normative value of 1.55 mmol/L. Conclusion: The average participant presented as overweight, with elevated diastolic blood pressure, and a resting heart rate that has been proven to increase one’s cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk profile. Additionally, a small portion of the cohort were identified to be prediabetic and diabetic. Large proportion of participants had low HDL-C levels suggestive of poor cardiovascular disease protection.

Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with severe secondary tricuspid regurgitation, following to the TVARC recommendations: association with outcome

Abstract Introduction Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased mortality if left untreated. Recently, the Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium (TVARC) has published standardized definitions of disease aetiology and severity, as well as endpoints for future clinical trials. Right ventricular (RV) function assessment represents one of the cornerstones for risk stratification in these patients, but current guidelines do not propose specific cut-off values for the echocardiographic measures. Also, the thresholds proposed by the TVARC have been derived from normative value and not yet validated in large cohorts of TR patients. Purpose To test the prognostic value of the TVARC proposed echocardiographic cut-offs for grading RV-dysfunction (figure1) in a large real-world cohort of patients with severe secondary TR (STR). Methods Consecutive patients from a single centre with first diagnosis of severe secondary STR, and without a cardiac implantable electronic device, were included. Tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV global and free wall strain (RVGLS and RVFWLS) and fractional area change (FAC) were used to measure RV function. The study endpoint was all-cause mortality, censored for tricuspid valve intervention. Results A total of 1043 patients (mean age 69 ± 13 years, 43% male), were included. Approximately half of the population (45%) was in NYHA class III or IV and 52% was treated with loop diuretics. Overall patients showed mild RV-dilatation (RV end-diastolic area indexed 12.2 [10.1-15.2cm2/m2]) and moderate-to-severe right atrial dilatation (right atrial maximal area indexed: 13.9 [11.0-17.5cm2/m2]). Using the proposed cut-off values, strain analysis identified a higher number of patients with impaired RV function as compared to standard echocardiographic parameters (89% based on RVGLS; 80% based on RVFWS, 61% based on TAPSE and 54% based on RVFAC). During a median follow-up of 51 [IQR 6 - 98] months, 445 (43%) patients died. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each echocardiographic parameter of RV-function are shown in Figure 1. TAPSE, which is the most widely used RV-function parameter, was able to clearly identify patients at high and intermediate risk when mildly, moderately and severely impaired. However, patients with normal TAPSE were still at intermediate risk when RVFWLS was (even mildly) reduced (figure 2). We therefore propose a stepwise practical approach including the measure of RVFWLS when measuring normal TAPSE, in order to possibly re-stratify patients into a higher risk group (Figure 2). This novel grading approach remained independently associated with all-cause mortality after correcting for relevant clinical and echocardiographic variables on multivariable analysis. Conclusion Novel TAVRC cut-off values for RV function show prognostic value in patients with severe STR; particularly the combination of TAPSE and RVFWLS could be use in clinical practice for risk stratification.Figure 1Figure 2

Furthering relational approaches to peace

Relational scholarship is burgeoning across the social sciences and gaining ground in peace and conflict studies. But relationalism is prone to misunderstanding. This article demonstrates that the ‘relational’ is an ontological orientation, with foundational implications for how social scientists know the world, rather than a methodological stance oriented to relationships. It offers a threefold framework that clarifies forms of relational-ontological scholarship and the trade-offs among them without prescribing the methods of relational research. It argues that while all forms of relational-ontological scholarship have value, those that give greater emphasis to relations than to entities help to better analyse dynamism and diversity, and that the normative value of relational approaches lies in considering peace as an effect of relations and turning to relations-in-themselves.

Legitimacy and Deeply Embedded Core Normative Values in Different Social Groups

Core normative value theory asserts that perceptions of the legitimacy of law enforcement authorities are not just a product of these agencies’ conduct and performance, but are also based on deeply embedded ideological worldviews. This study further tests the theory, exploring the diverse relationships between values and legitimacy in multicultural societies. We use Israel’s highly divided society as a case study. Our data were derived from a survey among a representative sample of more than 1,600 Israelis from seven social groups—mainstream Jews, ultra-Orthodox Jews, Jewish residents of the occupied territories, immigrants from the former Soviet Union, Druze, Muslims, and Arab Christians. The results point to significant differences in levels of the core normative values and legitimacy across the seven groups, and differences between the groups in associations between the values and legitimacy, controlling for socio-demographic variables. The findings support the main premises of the theory.

Thoracolumbar Sagittal Morphology and Segmental Inclination: A Cross-sectional Cohort Study of Asymptomatic Adult Volunteers.

A cross-sectional cohort study. To present a normative value reference of spinal segmental inclination stratified by age and pelvic incidence (PI), and to clarify the impact of segmental inclination on spinal sagittal morphology. Thoracolumbar segmental inclination has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcomes of adult spinal deformity surgery. However, there currently exists no normative value reference in a large sample of asymptomatic population. Asymptomatic adult volunteers were enrolled from the community. All volunteers underwent a standing full-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiograph. Lumbar tilt (LT) and thoracic tilt (TT) were measured to quantify the segmental inclination of the lumbar and thoracic spine. Regional curvature, global balance and thoracolumbar apex were analyzed across different age and PI groups. The correlation between sagittal parameters and age was analyzed using Pearson correlation tests. A total of 618 volunteers were included with a mean age of 38.7 ± 17.1 years (range 18 to 82y). As age increased, the LT and TT significantly increased (P<0.001). The LT was significantly correlated with PI (r=0.410, P<0.001), with the low PI group exhibiting a greater negative LT. The TT remained constant across different PI groups. Compared to the young and middle-age groups, the thoracic apex and lumbar apex were located more caudally in the elderly group (P<0.001). Subjects with a more caudal lumbar apex exhibited a greater negative LT, and those with a more caudal thoracic apex exhibited a greater positive TT. The thoracic spine naturally adapts to a relatively neutral position, yet it tends to tilt forward with aging. The physiological lumbar inclination is predominantly determined by the PI value with a slight backward tilt, and tends to counteract the anterior truncal inclination with advanced age. Physiological segmental inclination should be considered in spinal surgical planning.

Towards a double bell theory of regional disparities

AbstractDespite the large attention given to regional disparities, a conceptual framework simultaneously linking the inter- and intra-regional development processes over time is still missing. A vast set of empirical analyses on their trends indeed exists. In most cases, it witnesses the presence of the famous Williamson’s inverted U-shaped relation between GDP per capita and regional income inequalities, and of its augmented shape where the inverted U turns upward again at later stages of development. The paper has the aim to present a conceptual framework on the interlinkages between inter- and intra-regional disparity trends, highlighting the influence that one exerts over the other. It does so claiming that their joint analysis can provide an explanation of situations “against conventional wisdom” and can overcome the simplistic idea that if inter-regional convergence occurs, social equity is achieved. Empirical evidence is provided in the case of European regions. The paper has a normative value, in that an interpretation of the concurrent inequality trends at different levels can lead to more efficient normative interventions, avoiding misallocation of financial resources at sub-regional level.

Quantifying the difference between male and female agility in football players: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe study aimed to establish a normative reference value for the agility T-test and Illinois test in football players, on the basis of sex and playing position. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingHimachal Pradesh Football Association and Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital-Himachal Pradesh. Participants138 football players including 69 male and 69 female players aged 18–25 years were included. Main outcome measuresIllinois and agility T-test. ResultsNormative values of male and female player's are established for agility T-test 10.06 ± 0.87; 11.27 ± 0.84 and for Illinois test were 15.56 ± 0.80; 17.75 ± 1.37 s, respectively. Mann Whitney U- test was used to compare the agility of both sexes and showed a significant difference (p-value <0.001) in male and female players. Intra-rater reliability was checked for between trials and revealed excellent reliability with greatest single measure ICC (0.972) and average measure ICC (0.936) for Illinois test and single measure ICC (0.891) and average measure ICC (0.903) for agility T-test. ConclusionBoth agility tests concluded that female players are statistically and clinically less agile than male players. Similar results were found when agility was compared according to playing position. On the basis of sex, midfielders are more agile compared with other playing position.

War crimes, sexual assault and medical confidentiality in Israel

Hamas militants have raped and mutilated the bodies of dozens of men and women in Israel during their attack and captivity in Gaza. The exact extent of these atrocities, however,...

Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 Minimal Clinically Important Difference: A Prospective Determination.

The Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 (SVHI-10) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that assesses patients' perception of handicap related to singing voice. A normative value has been established with a score ≥20 being abnormal. However, there is no defined minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This study prospectively determines the MCID of SVHI-10 among a diverse group of singers. 103 adult singers with and without voice complaints completed SVHI-10 twice, 30 days apart. MCID for the SVHI-10 was determined using distribution-based receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Twenty-two men (1 transgender), 75 women (1 transgender), and 6 nonbinary individuals participated. The most frequently reported singing genres were classical (44.7%), musical theater (17.5%), and pop (10.7%). Mean initial SVHI-10 score was 13.05 (standard deviation 7.397), and mean follow-up SVHI-10 was 13.13 (7.994). There was a significant positive correlation between initial and follow-up SVHI-10 scores (r = 0.879, p < 0.001). SVHI-10 scores were significantly higher among participants who reported voice changes in the past year (p < 0.001) or sought voice treatment (p = 0.001) compared with participants who did not. SVHI-10 scores varied significantly based on singing type. The area under the ROC curve for SVHI-10 was 0.700 (p = 0.003). The SVHI-10 MCID was determined to be 9.5. An SVHI-10 score change ≥10 should be considered clinically meaningful. This definition has been missing from the literature and will improve understanding of patients' responses to treatment, which will help advance clinical care and track research outcomes. 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Mechanisms of lumbar spine "flattening" in adult spinal deformity: defining changes in shape that occur relative to a normative population.

Previous work comparing ASD to a normative population demonstrated that a large proportion of lumbar lordosis is lost proximally (L1-L4). The current study expands on these findings by collectively investigating regional angles and spinal contours. 119 asymptomatic volunteers with full-body free-standing radiographs were used to identify age-and-PI models of each Vertebra Pelvic Angle (VPA) from L5 to T10. These formulas were then applied to a cohort of primary surgical ASD patients without coronal malalignment. Loss of lumbar lordosis (LL) was defined as the offset between age-and-PI normative value and pre-operative alignment. Spine shapes defined by VPAs were compared and analyzed using paired t-tests. 362 ASD patients were identified (age = 64.4 ± 13, 57.1% females). Compared to their age-and-PI normative values, patients demonstrated a significant loss in LL of 17 ± 19° in the following distribution: 14.1% had "No loss" (mean = 0.1 ± 2.3), 22.9% with 10°-loss (mean = 9.9 ± 2.9), 22.1% with 20°-loss (mean = 20.0 ± 2.8), and 29.3% with 30°-loss (mean = 33.8 ± 6.0). "No loss" patients' spine was slightly posterior to the normative shape from L4 to T10 (VPA difference of 2°), while superimposed on the normative one from S1 to L2 and became anterior at L1 in the "10°-loss" group. As LL loss increased, ASD and normative shapes offset extended caudally to L3 for the "20°-loss" group and L4 for the "30°-loss" group. As LL loss increases, the difference between ASD and normative shapes first occurs proximally and then progresses incrementally caudally. Understanding spinal contour and LL loss location may be key to achieving sustainable correction by identifying optimal and personalized postoperative shapes.

The evaluation of rotational lateral ankle laxity in gravity stress position by ultrasonography: normative value in uninjured ankles

BackgroundThe evaluation of lateral ankle laxity remains challenging when diagnosing chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Several studies have reported that internal rotation of the talus as an indicator of rotational lateral ankle laxity (RLAL) increases in patients with CLAI. However, there is no established method for detecting and evaluating the RLAL. This study aimed to report a novel method for evaluating the RLAL in the gravity stress position by measuring the talofibular distance (TFD) using ultrasonography (US) and show the normative value of the TFD.MethodsThe TFDs in the subjects with healthy ankles were prospectively measured 10 mm distal to the ankle joint in the neutral ankle position and gravity stress position using US. The differences in the TFD between the two ankle positions were evaluated. The differences in the TFD by gender and ankle laterality were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 52 healthy ankles of 28 subjects (mean age, 24.0 ± 1.6; male/female, 12/16) were finally included. There was a significant difference in the TFD between the neutral ankle position (6.9 ± 0.9 mm) and gravity stress position (9.0 ± 0.9 mm) (p < 0.001). The mean difference in the TFD between the two ankle positions was 2.1 ± 0.6 mm. There were no significant differences in the TFD by gender and ankle laterality.ConclusionsThe present study reported a novel US method for evaluating RLAL by applying gravity stress and the normative value of the TFD.

A CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES PARADIGM OF THE PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

In the perspective of the Critical Legal Studies Paradigm, researchers do not have the intention to deliberately dismantle normative legal rules that are legally and constitutionally, but in this discourse the critical legal studies paradigm provides a lens that critical voices are voices that come from the people with a higher realm of awareness in view with the assumption of potential that will occur critically, involving the direction of thinking that tends to be deconstructive and very worthy of questioning. in this case the paradox that occurs between ontology and methodology or in simple language reality with normative methodological values itself, by separating political, sociological, historical, and ethical motives. In this case, the paradox that occurs between ontology and methodology or in simple language reality with normative methodological value itself, by separating political, sociological, historical, and ethical motives. in this study, researchers used a qualitative method based on the study of the normative rules of the 1945 Constitution. normatively in article 222 of Law Number 17 of 2017 concerning the election of the President and Vice President reads: The candidate pair is proposed by a political party or a coalition of political parties participating in the election that meets the requirements of obtaining at least 20% (twenty per cent) of the total seats in the DPR or obtaining 25% (twenty five per cent) of the national valid votes in the election of DPR members, before the implementation of the Presidential and Vice Presidential elections or the Presidential Threshold system if viewed deconstructively from the process of forming the rules of the Law or the legislature itself does not have a basic limiting framework of legal construction, With the pretext of strengthening the presidential system, the effectiveness of holding elections in an accountable manner, but ontologically or in reality this raises that the law is a political product is a reality and shows that political power is more dominant than the law itself, of course this is very paradoxical with the concept of a country that is considered democratic where political power should be subject to the law. In this foundation, something produced by the legal products of the legislature is worthy of criticism.

Ideological segmentation of mass strata of the population under conditions of aggravated confrontation with the West (empirical analysis)

Using the data from surveys conducted by IS FCTAS RAS over a number of years, it is shown that despite the absence of the segmentation traditionally used for ideological structuring in the mass strata of the population, it still exists, but is based on different grounds. Moreover, the importance of ideological contradictions in the perception of Russians themselves has grown significantly over the past decade, and the majority of the country's citizens now have internally consistent ideological views. The comparative role of their various components changes over time under the influence of external events. The main line of demarcation in the ideological segmentation is the attitude to the West in modern conditions, which is based on different attitudes to the civilizational specifics of Russia and, in turn, influences their assessment of the vector of the country's development, their trust in the authorities, attitude to the special military operation, etc. It is also shown that in recent years, in the course of active crystallization and polarization of ideological views of Russians', an ideological majority and an ideological minority have been formed in the country, comprising almost two-thirds and about one-third of the population, respectively. The normative-value basis of the former is the recognition of the priority of state interests over human rights and the conviction that Western values are not suitable for Russians. The ideological majority is divided into a core and a peripheral group, which differ in the degree of consistency of their views and assessments, including those regarding to the special military operation in Ukraine. The ideological minority, which is characterized by the desire for Russia to adhere to the norms proposed by Western countries, is also heterogeneous. It includes, firstly, a group that is consistent in its negative attitude towards the current course of Russia, which makes up about a quarter of the population, and whose moods are primarily influenced by the unfavorable socio-economic situation these people are experiencing. The other group includes representatives who are loyal to the authorities and the course being implemented but would like Russia to follow the Western-oriented path in future. The normative value basis of the views of the members of the ideological minority is the recognition of the priority of human rights over the interests of the state.

Trusting Our Instincts: Evaluating the Evolutionary and Rational Foundations of Moral Intuitions

This paper delves into the nature and reliability of moral intuitions, building upon Jonathan Haidt’s social intuitionist model, which suggests that moral judgments stem from instinctive reactions followed by rational justifications. By examining Haidt’s experiments, which reveal the primacy of intuitive responses over rational deliberation, this paper seeks to address whether we have valid reasons to trust these moral intuitions. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, it argues that moral intuitions have historically contributed to the survival and success of the human species, thereby providing them with normative value. However, given the rapid advancements in technology and societal changes, these intuitions may sometimes lead to nonoptimal or disastrous outcomes. The paper proposes a rational test to determine the reliability of moral intuitions: we should trust an intuition if its generalized application benefits the human species. Potential counterarguments, such as the historical misuse of evolutionary logic in eugenics, are addressed to underscore the validity of this test. The conclusion emphasizes that while moral intuitions are generally trustworthy due to their evolutionary roots, rational thought must intervene when intuitions become outdated in the face of contemporary challenges.

Patient perspectives and preferences for rehabilitation among people living with frailty and chronic kidney disease: a qualitative evaluation

BackgroundUnderstanding the patient perspective of frailty is critical to offering holistic patient-centred care. Rehabilitation strategies for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and frailty are limited in their ability to overcome patient-perceived barriers to participation, resulting in high rates of drop-out and non-adherence. The aim of this study was to explore patient perspectives and preferences regarding experiences with rehabilitation to inform a CKD/Frailty rehabilitation model.MethodsThis qualitative study involved two focus groups, six individual semi-structured interviews and three caregiver semi-structured interviews with lived experience of advanced kidney disease and frailty. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for meaningful concepts and analysed using inductive thematic analysis using constant comparative method of data analysis employing Social Cognitive Theory.ResultsSix major themes emerged including accommodating frailty is an act of resilience, exercise is endorsed for rehabilitation but existing programs have failed to meet end-users’ needs. Rehabilitation goals were framed around return to normative behaviours and rehabilitation should have a social dimension, offering understanding for “people like us”. Participants reported on barriers and disruptors to frailty rehabilitation in the CKD context. Participants valued peer-to-peer education, the camaraderie of socialisation and the benefit of feedback for maintaining motivation. Patients undertaking dialysis described the commodity of time and the burden of unresolved symptoms as barriers to participation. Participants reported difficulty envisioning strategies for frailty rehabilitation, maintaining a focus on the immediate and avoidance of future uncertainty.ConclusionsFrailty rehabilitation efforts in CKD should leverage shared experiences, address comorbidity and symptom burden and focus on goals with normative value.

Validation of the German Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PLQ) in a healthy population and patients with cardiovascular disease

In this cross-sectional study, a German translation of the subscale “Purpose in Life” (PLQ) from the Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB) was validated in a representative sample of participants from healthy and cardiovascular populations. The main objectives were to assess the reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity using a large and representative sample (N = 466 healthy sample, N = 247 patients with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), N = 70 patients with a cardiovascular disease (CVD)).The findings indicated that the German PLQ is a reliable and valid measure of positive psychological well-being, showing a positive correlation with health-related quality of life, optimism, and positive affect. In turn, the PLQ score was significantly and negatively correlated with depressive symptom severity, anxiety, pessimism, and negative affect, while being distinct from these constructs. The comparability of the measurement properties of the German PLQ with the original English version further supports the validity of the translation. Additionally, the unidimensional structure of the German version mirrored that of the English PLQ.As this study used a large and representative sample, it provides the most up-to-date normative population value for the subscale of the SPWB. Moreover, this study represents the first known exploration of the questionnaire in a cardiovascular sample, revealing relationships between health-related quality of life, optimism, positive affect, and the German PLQ. However, in patients with ICD, the positive correlation between the PLQ and the physical component of the SF-12 did not reach significance. Despite these valuable findings, future research to enhance the understanding of the PLQ and its implications is warranted.

T1 Pelvic and Lumbar Pelvic Angles Normative Values: A Prospective Cohort Study of 472 Asymptomatic Volunteers.

Cross-sectional analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort. Determine the normative values of the T1 Pelvic Angle (TPA) and Lumbar Pelvic Angle (LPA) in an asymptomatic cohort of volunteers. The TPA and LPA have been introduced as sagittal spino-pelvic parameters to guide correction of adult spinal deformity. Suggested values for these parameters were derived from linear regressions based on Oswestry Disability Index scores from adult spinal deformity patients. While a few studies have evaluated the normative value of TPA, none have evaluated the LPA in asymptomatic individuals. TPA and LPA were measured on radiographs of 472 asymptomatic volunteers between 20 and 40 years old. TPA and LPA were calculated as originally described from the centroid of T1 and L1 respectively, to the center of the femoral head to the midpoint of the sacral endplate. TPA and LPA were also evaluated using the midpoint of the superior endpoint as a surrogate to the centroid of the vertebra to compare these two measurement techniques. TPA and LPA normative values were respectively 7.3 [6.8-7.8] and 6.3o [5.9-6.7]. There was no statistically significant difference between using the centroid of T1 or L1 versus using the midpoint of the superior endplate with respective results of 7.5o [7.0-8.0] (P=0.55) and 6.1o [5.6-6.5] (P=0.43). TPA was significantly different between Roussouly types 1-2-3 versus type 4 with respective results of of 6.7o, 7.2o, 6.5o and 9.2o (P<0.001). The same difference was observed for the LPA with normative results of 3.8o, 5.1o, 5.8o and 9.3o (P<0.001), respectively, for Roussouly types 1,2,3 and 4. TPA and LPA normative values are 7o and 6o, respectively, and vary between Roussouly morphotypes 1,2 and 3 versus type 4. Using the midpoint of the superior endplate of T1 and L1 versus the centroid yielded similar results and therefore could be easier to use intraoperatively.