Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques Research Articles

Detection of Change in Forest and Trees Outside Forest Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques in Adamawa Central, Adamawa State Nigeria

Detection of Change in Forest and Trees Outside Forest Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques in Adamawa Central, Adamawa State Nigeria

Application of geoinformatics to classify the landcover from satellite imagery using NDVI – A case of peri-urban regions of Southern Chennai

The peri-urban regions of the Indian cities are growing at a rapid rate, engulfing all the available lands in their vicinity. It is vital to map the changes that occur in the available green areas to plan for sustainable urban environments and ecosystems. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a graphical indicator that utilizes multispectral remote sensing techniques for the classification of land cover. The aim of the current study is to use the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools and its indices to classify the land cover in the areas of interest. For this study, the primary data collection includes the identification of the study area, collection of the toposheets from the Survey of India and satellite images from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for the study year 2021. The methodology includes the acquisition of data, image processing, application of NDVI technique, accuracy assessment and the presentation of results. For this exercise, the land cover has been classified under three categories namely, water, land and vegetation. The analytical outcomes segregated 30.06 sq.km (3%) area as water bodies, 152.85 sq.km (15%) as land/barren area and 821.97 sq.km (82%) as areas covered with vegetation, out of the total study area of 1004.88 sq. km. The obtained results were validated through field visits and ground truthing method. The accuracy assessment produced an overall accuracy of 91% with a kappa coefficient value of 0.87. Since the peri-urban areas are under constant transformation, it is challenging and time-consuming to physically map the landcover, especially with the lack on definite boundaries. Hence, the current study recommends that NDVI can be used as an effective technique for the classification of Landsat imagery in the constantly-evolving peri-urban regions.

Investigation of the effectiveness of AC/DC electric current as a weed control method using NDVI technique

Background: Using multiple electrodes, the mortality rates were measured by exposing the plants germinated in laboratory conditions to AC and DC currents for different periods. Objective: In this study, the effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) on the mortality rates of plants were investigated. Methods: By comparing the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values measured before and 1 week after the plants were exposed to electrical current, the effect of AC/DC on the mortality rate was [...]

Mangrove-based Ecotourism Sustainability Analysis using NDVI and AHP Approach

This article aims to analyze the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approaches. Based on Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery calculation using the NDVI technique, there has been a decrease in vegetation value on Dodola Island in 2017. This condition needs to be analyzed scientifically, considering the Dodola Island mangrove area to be preserved. In addition to the interests of tourism infrastructure development. The research method used is a mixed research method through a case study approach in Dodola Island, Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province, Indonesia. This study adopts remote sensing techniques and decision support systems to describe the results of sustainable mangrove ecotourism analysis. This study indicates that the calculation results of Landsat 8 OLI spatial data from 2013-to 2021 show a significant decrease in vegetation value in 2017, where the maximum NDVI value is 0.30, and the minimum NDVI value is 0.11. Specifically, the mangrove area also experienced a decrease in vegetation value with a maximum NDVI value is 0.23 and a minimum NDVI value is 0.02. To anticipate environmental damage in mangrove areas, this study recommends mangrove conservation programs, namely rehabilitation, restoration, reclamation, and conservation of mangrove areas. In addition, the results of the priority analysis using the AHP approach show that the rehabilitation program is a program that needs to be prioritized because it follows the existing conditions and capabilities of the Dodola Island managers.

Investigation of the effect of non-uniform heat distribution of microwave on the mortality rates of some plants

Weeds, cause significant losses in agricultural production and are mostly controlled by herbicides, which are harmful to the environment. An alternative method that can be applied instead of these chemicals that pollute the soil and water is the microwave weed control method. But, one of the main problems with the microwave weed control method is the non-uniform heat distribution. This study aims to investigate the effect of non-uniform heat distribution on the mortality rate in the microwave weed control method by the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) technique. The NDVI technique has been used for the first time in this study to determine the mortality rate in microwave weed control. Mortality rates in one-week germinated Lepidium sativum (cress) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) grasses that were exposed to microwave energy for 10, 20, and 30 seconds were measured. It was determined that a higher rate of mortality occurred in the uniform heat distribution condition, compared to the non-uniform heat distribution (p <0.05). Mortality rates in both Hordeum vulgare (barley) and Lepidium sativum (cress) grasses increased as the microwave application time increased. The highest mortality rate occurred in Lepidium sativum (cress) grass (69.81%) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) grass (61.01%) with uniform heat distribution for 30 seconds. In the non-uniform heat distribution for 10 seconds, an increase was observed in Hordeum vulgare (barley) grass compared to the control group (7.01%). As a result, it can be said that weed control with microwave energy has the potential to be a good “environmentally friendly alternative method” to chemical weed control methods.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Precision Agriculture Management Systems in Mediterranean Small Farms

While the world population continues to grow, increasing the need to produce more and better-quality food, climate change, urban growth and unsustainable agricultural practices accelerate the loss of available arable land, compromising the sustainability of agricultural lands both in terms of productivity and environmental resilience, and causing serious problems for the production-consumption balance. This scenario highlights the urgent need for agricultural modernization as a crucial step to face forthcoming difficulties. Precision agriculture techniques appear as a feasible option to help solve these problems. However, their use needs to be reinvented and tested according to different parameters, in order to define both the environmental and the economic impact of these new technologies not only on agricultural production, but also on agricultural sustainability. This paper intends, therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of precision agriculture through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)/remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) techniques in small Mediterranean farms. We present specific data obtained through the application of the aforementioned techniques in three farms located along the Portuguese-Spanish border, considering three parameters (seeding failure, differentiated irrigation and differentiated fertilization) in order to determine not only the ecological benefits of these methods, but also their economic and productivity aspects. The obtained results, based on these methods, highlight the fact that an efficient combination of UAV/RPAS and NDVI techniques allows for important economic savings in productivity factors, thus promoting a sustainable agriculture both in ecological and economic terms. Additionally, contrary to what is generally defended, even in small farms, as the ones assessed in this study (less than 50 ha), the costs associated with the application of the aforementioned precision agriculture processes are largely surpassed by the economic gains achieved with their application, regardless of the notorious environmental benefits introduced by the reduction of crucial production inputs as water and fertilizers.

MONITORING OF VEGETATION CHANGE BY USING RS AND GIS TECHNIQUES IN MITROVICA, KOSOVO

Monitoring environment changes has become a necessity as a result of current environment deteriorating due to human activities like mining activities. In most developing countries like Kosovo (Mitrovica), acquiring information concerning the current condition and the dynamic changes of the environment for a rapid monitoring is not easy. The present study provides The Normalized Difference vegetation Index (NDVI) of the study area, Mitrovica. The main aim of the study is to monitor and evaluate changes in vegetation over the years, using NDVI time series outputs. As well as this technique of monitoring vegetation will be used to evaluate drying vegetation as e result of the mining tailings in this area, exactly because of the presence of the heavy metals that come by industrial activities in this region.The NDVI technique involves the use of remote sensed data in different time series extracted from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The Landsat satellite images give us reliable information for monitoring vegetation change according in NDVI time series. According to the present study, the NDVI data generated gives us valuable informations about vegetation. However, the study demonstrated that in Mitrovica was changed the vegetation over the years as result of human mining activities and climate change as well. The NDVI technique can be employed for monitoring vegetation cover and it’s values range from -1 to 1. The present study shows monitoring vegetation changes for 2000, 2010 and 2018. The NDVI time series Mitrovica maps computed in the study, range from -0.30 to 0.26 in 2000, from -0.09 to 0.47 in 2010 and -0.14 to 0.60 in 2018. This technique can be applied in different areas in the country and will be effective tool for environmental monitoring and evaluating vegetation change and vegetation monitoring as well.Furthermore, the study will answer to the many questions for vegetation change in Mitrovica and its change ratio.

Evaluation of NDVI Using SPOT-5 Satellite Data for Northern Ghana

Monitoring environment changes has become a necessity as a result of current environment deteriorating due to human activities and climate change. However, in most developing countries like Ghana, acquiring information concerning the current condition and the dynamic changes of the environment for a rapid monitoring is difficult. A method to monitor the environmental condition in Northern Ghana by the way of the vegetation cover using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is proposed. The method involves the use of remotely sensed data based on the absorption, transmittance and reflectance of energy by the vegetation which is significantly correlated with the amount of green leaf biomass on ground. The accuracy of this indicator is assessed with other in-situ geographic data. The main aim was to assess whether the NDVI-time series extracted from SPOT-5 images may give reliable information to assess the environment herein vegetation or land cover in Northern Ghana where there is a current rapid environmental change. It is shown that the NDVI data gives some valuable information about the vegetation hence land cover in these areas. The measurement of the amount of greenness in different areas in Northern Ghana would be simple but an objective method to assist in regular evaluation of the environmental situation of an area. The study demonstrated that NDVI technique can be employed to evaluate the vegetation cover and hence monitor the environment. Consequently, this method can be applied for other areas in the country and will be useful as an effective tool for regularly monitoring to support and create environmental awareness about the vegetative changes.

Reliability of Summer Crop Masks Derived from Second Order Polynomial Equations

Remote Sensing techniques are useful to determine planted areas, especially of commodities like maize and soybeans (summer cultures). The vegetation indexes as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) has been used to map agricultural areas due to its low cost and accessibility. Therefore the objective of this study was to develop a new methodology to generate masks of summer crops based on fitting second order polynomial equations to temporal NDVI profiles. The results showed that selecting polynomial equations with r 2 fitting above 0.75, a Kappa index of 0.86 and a global accuracy of 93% is obtained. This is slightly higher than the results obtained when using the maximum-minimum NDVI technique, with a Kappa index of 0.82 and a global accuracy of 91%. However, while quantifying the areas under study, one verified that the mask used by the proposed methodology, was closer to the official IBGE data, with a difference of -10.25%, followed by the vector technique with 23% and by the maximum-minimum NDVI, with a difference of 42.8%.