Normal Situation Research Articles

Alterations of urine microRNA-7977/G6PD level in patients with diabetic kidney disease and its association with dysfunction of albumin-induced autophagy in proximal epithelial tubular cells.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains as one of the leading long-term complications of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Studies have shown that decreased expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays an important role in DKD. However, the upstream and downstream pathways of G6PD downregulation leading to DKD have not been elucidated. We conducted a series of studies including clinical study, animal studies, and in vitro studies to explore this. First, a total of 90 subjects were evaluated including 30 healthy subjects, 30 patients with T2DM, and 30 patients with DKD. The urinary G6PD activity and its association with the clinical markers were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of urinary G6PD in these patients. Then, microRNAs that were differentially expressed in urine and could bind and degrade G6PD were screened and verified in patients with DKD. After that, high glucose (HG)-cultured human kidney cells (HK-2) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to test the roles of miR-7977/G6PD/albumin-induced autophagy in DKD. Beclin and P62 were used as markers of kidney autophagy indicators. A dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to test the binding of G6PD by mir-7977. The plasma and urinary G6PD activity were decreased significantly in patients with DKD, accompanied by increased urinary mir-7977 level. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and urinary albumin excretion were independent predictors of urinary G6PD activity, according to multiple linear regression analysis. The increased expression of miR-7977 and decreased expression of G6PD were also found in the kidney of ZDF rats with early renal tubular damage. The correlation analysis showed that beclin protein expression levels were positively correlated with kidney G6PD activity, whereas P62 protein expression was negatively correlated with kidney G6PD activity in rats. In HK-2 cells cultured with normal situation, a low level of albumin could induce autophagy along with the stimulation of G6PD, although this was impaired under high glucose. Overexpression of G6PD reversed albumin-induced autophagy in HK-2 cells under high glucose. Further study revealed that G6PD was a downstream target of miR-7977. Inhibition of miR-7977 expression led to significantly increased expression of G6PD and reversed the effects of high glucose on albumin-induced autophagy. In conclusion, our study supports a new mechanism of G6PD downregulation in DKD. Therapeutic measures targeting the miR-7977/G6PD/autophagy signaling pathway may help in the prevention and treatment of DKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new evidence that reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) may damage the endocytosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing albumin-induced autophagy. More importantly, for the first time, our study has provided evidence from humans that the decrease in urinary G6PD activity is positively associated with renal injury, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism may be important reasons for reduced G6PD levels. Increased miR-7977 may at least in part explain the downregulation of G6PD.

Does the pandemic affect the lifestyle and dietary intake? A comparative investigation during the pandemic and new normal situation

PurposeThe study attempts to investigate the role of social media in spreading awareness regarding ayurvedic immunity boosters (AIB) and changes in diet. Further, the study examines the factors affecting the willingness to pay for ayurvedic immunity boosters (WPIB) during the pandemic and new normal situation with the moderating effect of the “fear of COVID-19 infection.”Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from millennials in two phases, i.e. the first phase (1 July–August 2021) with 300 respondents and a second phase with (June–August 2022) 257 respondents. An online questionnaire was shared with millennials using the snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics with SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0 software were applied to analyze the data.FindingsThe results found a variation in AIB content sharing on social media during 2021 and 2022. Results found that respondents reported significant changes in their lifestyle and diet, like consuming honey, khada, tulsi tea, etc. In 2021, health consciousness and trust significantly affected WPIB, whereas in 2022, only health consciousness was substantially affected. Fear of COVID-19 infection moderates the relationship between health consciousness, perceived fear and willingness to pay for ayurvedic products, whereas the effect on consumer preference and trust remains insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsResults could help ayurvedic product manufacturing companies understand the consumers' mindset and the factors that stimulate consumers to buy these immunity boosters. Ayurvedic advertisers should design unambiguous messages that focus on health consciousness and have trustable components to encourage consumers to adopt a healthy lifestyle.Originality/valueThis is one of its kinds of studies that presents the contrasts of how the COVID-19 crisis has significantly changed individuals' dietary intake and affected lifestyle patterns.

Analyzing Vital Capacity in Short-Term COVID-19 Survivors between 20 to 40 years and over 40 years Population: Understanding Respiratory Health in New Normal situation

COVID-19 global coronavirus is a pandemic caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus effect on multiple organ dysfunction but pulmonary function is most affected area of a patients. Pulmonary function or vital capacity have significance in the treatment of COVID affected patients. Vital capacity is defined as the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs following maximal inspiration. Present study aim is to compare vital capacity between COVID-19 survivors and non-COVID populations. A total of eight hundred fifty-nine (859) subjects of different ages have been selected for the present study. The present study data were collected by the Multi-Functional Spirometer HI-801 for vital capacity, and the digital weighing scale was used for the measurement of body weight. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the mean and the standard deviation (SD). An inferential statistically paired and independent t-test was applied to check the level of significance. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The results of this study, male COVID survivors between the ages of 20 to 40 have better vital capacity recovery than male COVID survivors over the age of 40, while female COVID survivors between the ages of 20 to 40 outperform female COVID survivors over the age of 40. Female COVID-19 survivors generally regain essential capabilities far more quickly than male survivors. We conclude that female COVID survivors recover vital capacity much faster than male COVID survivors.

Pendampingan dan Pelatihan Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemasaran Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Roti dan Donat Bakar Yogyakarta

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an important sector that supports the community's economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact in the form of a significant decrease in income due to restrictions on product marketing. The new normal situation will make people's lifestyles very dependent on the use of information technology. The aim of this community service is to provide assistance and training in improving marketing. The method in this community service is quantitative descriptive by means of mentoring and training. Marketing digitalization support activities will be carried out in three stages: education, mentoring and sustainability assessment. Training will be provided to increase partners' knowledge and understanding of various digital marketing platforms. The results of this activity are expected to expand partners' knowledge and understanding in the field of marketing digitalization. Mentoring activities are carried out to ensure partners are able to apply the technology and training provided. In the end, the outcome that partners as MSME actors want to achieve is an increase in the economic scale of MSMEs

Adaptation of the Learning Process for Students in the Post New Normal Era: Learning Management System (LMS) Innovation Efforts in Indonesia

This study aims to explore the condition of Arabic learning at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta after the New Normal Era and the response of the academic community of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta to the post-New Normal situation through the development of a Learning Management System (LMS). The descriptive method is used by utilizing qualitative data from interviews and quantitative data from surveys using questionnaires. The findings show that students' response to adaptation after the COVID-19 pandemic has increased, especially in motivation to learn Arabic. The use of LMS elicits a positive response from students and faculty, enabling variety in teaching, increasing learning motivation, and facilitating assessment. Nonetheless, challenges related to access and conventional learning preferences must be overcome. The majority of lecturers see benefits in using LMS, but differences of opinion regarding the need for a face-to-face approach emphasize the importance of adapting and integrating learning technology with traditional approaches to improve the effectiveness of Arabic language learning. These findings support Gerald Gleason's concept of Educational Technology and John Dewey's The Philosophy of Education. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adaptation in Arabic language learning in the post-pandemic era, with the majority of students and lecturers responding positively to the use of learning technologies such as LMS despite the need for adjustments and improvements to improve overall learning effectiveness.

The Health Effects of Workers Practice in Biological Hazards

Background: Exposure to microorganisms could be caused infectious diseases but some exposures were not caused disease in normal situation. Objective of this study was to determine the health effects of biological hazards in low to moderate concentration. Methods: It was a study. The people who were employed in different industries were participated in this study. Groups were followed for infections in skin, respiratory, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal, urinary and etc. symptoms and signs. These groups were exposed to biological hazards; according to working sections, 3 groups were participated: working section A, working section B and working section C. Symptoms and signs were determined. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16. ANOVA, Chi-2, Exact test and relative risks with considering P<0.05 as significant level. Results: Working section B, had the most microorganisms; in air: 5.01±0.01 CFU on surface: 10.15±0.01 CFU. Infection in skin, respiratory, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal, urinary and etc symptoms and sign were determined. Skin, gastrointestinal, urinary and etc were the most in group B and relative risks were shown significant risks. Relative risks for skin infection were 1.80(1.12-3.15). Conclusions: Even in normal situation microorganism in workplace could be caused many infection diseases and prevention was necessary.

Modern Monetary Theory and Energy Conservation: An Institutionalist Approach to Fiscal Policy and Energy Conservation

Abstract: This paper will set out to develop a policy proposal that is couched in the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) framework of fiscal policy analysis. MMT teaches us that a sovereign government that issues a free-floating currency is not bound by the tenets of what can be termed “sound finance.” Sound finance suggests that all government spending is preceded by the taxing or borrowing of the currency being spent. According to MMT, since the currency is issued by the sovereign nation during the process of spending, then this spending must take place before any taxing or borrowing is done. A federal deficit is not something to be eliminated but is the normal situation, with inflation being the only real measure of spending exceeding economic capacity. Sovereign governments are currency issuers, and the money has value if the government is willing to accept it in payment to itself. This creates policy space for spending programs that are socially and ecologically beneficial. Similarly on the tax side, there is policy space to structure the tax system in a politically determined way. The tax system is one way in which the citizens of a nation engage economically with the government. The tax obligation serves as a value anchor for the fiat currency. The tax system can be designed to incentivize behavior in line with a more ecologically sustainable future. This paper will suggest that by taxing living space in a progressive manner, multiple social and economic goals can be accomplished as the economy is transitioning toward a more environmentally sustainable future.

Using teleconsultation for health aspects of computer-based workers in the new normal situation (post COVID-19) of the world.

The use of teleconsultation platforms enabling health professionals to provide advice especially in the new normal post COVID-19 situation has increased in both developing and developed countries. This teleconsultation has also expanded beyond that of post COVID-19 application to other purposes such as in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of this commentary is to focus on presenting a feasible guide related to physical as well as psychological aspects in relation to computer based workers that could be taught to the computer-based workers using teleconsultation platforms. A multi-criteria search was performed among available guidelines and approaches related to the physical and psychological aspects used for computer-based workers. A continuation of musculoskeletal pain creates a feedforward loop of pain and distress. Several conventional methods exist to manage musculoskeletal pain, however, the new normal situation following COVID-19 has rendered many of these moot, especially in computer based workers and with the increased reliance on teleconsultation platforms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals were required to stay home due to varying levels of lockdown protocols and provide their usual services using online platforms both increasing sedentary behaviour in computer based workers and limiting the tools available to health professionals. Following in what is now the worldwide new normal post COVID-19 situation, individuals have adapted and accepted that they receive much of their necessary health advice using teleconsultation platforms as well.

Mortality, Functional Status, and Quality of Life after 5 Years of Patients Admitted to Critical Care for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

The objective of this study was to assess long-term outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the intensive care unit. Mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale, Barthel Index, and5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) scores were analyzed in a multicenter cohort study of three Spanish hospitals (336 patients). Mortality was also analyzed in theMedical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. The median(25th percentile-75th percentile) age was 62 (50-70) years, the median Glasgow Coma Score was 7 (4-11) points, and the median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II(APACHE-II) score was 21 (15-26) points. Hospital mortality was 54.17%, mortality at 90days was 56%, mortality at 1year was 59.2%, and mortality at 5years was 66.4%. In the Glasgow Outcome Scale, a normal or disabled self-sufficient situation was recorded in 21.5% of patients at 6months, in 25.5% of patients after 1year, and in 22.1% of patients after 5years of follow-up (4.5% missing). The Barthel Index score of survivors improved over time: 50 (25-80) points at 6months, 70 (35-95) points at 1year, and 90 (40-100) points at 5years (p < 0.001). Quality of life evaluated with the EQ-5D-5L at 1year and 5years indicated that greater than 50% of patients had no problems or slight problems in all items (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). In the MIMIC-III study (N = 1354), hospital mortality was 31.83% and was 40.5% at 90days and 56.2% after 5years. In patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, hospital mortality up to 90days after admission is very high. Between 90days and 5years after admission, mortality is not high. A large percentage of survivors presented a significant deficit in quality of life and functional status, although with progressive improvement over time. Five years after the hemorrhagic stroke, a survival of 30% was observed, with a good functional status seen in 20% of patients who had been admitted to the hospital.

Prediction and Detection of Ventricular Fibrillation Using Complex Features and AI-Based Classification

We analyzed the possibility of detecting and predicting ventricular fibrillation (VF), a medical emergency that may put people’s lives at risk, as the medical prognosis depends on the time in which medical personnel intervene. Therefore, besides immediate detection of VF, the possibility of predicting VF 40 or even 50 min in advance was analyzed. For testing the proposed algorithm, we used ECG signals taken from the MIT-BIH database, namely, Malignant Ventricular Ectopy Database, Sudden Cardiac Death Holter Database and Normal Sinus Rhythm Database. The presented method is based on features extracted from the ECG signals in the time domain, frequency domain and complexity measures. For VF detection, the possibility of identifying the VF episode in the first 3 s after its occurrence was tested. For this, the first 3 s immediately after the appearance of VF were cut out and the features were computed on these sections. For VF prediction, 3 min of the ECG signal clipped 40 or 50 min before VF onset was used. Then, on these pieces of ECG signal, the specific features were calculated for 1 s segments. For the normal signal situation, 3 min was randomly selected from the database with normal ECGs. For the classification or detection stage, both an MLP-type neural network and the classifiers from the Machine Learning toolbox of the MATLAB® environment were used. The results obtained for both detection and classification are over 94% in both cases. The novelty of our results compared to those previously obtained is the time interval with which the possibility of prediction was analyzed, namely, 50 min in advance of the VF installation date. This means that the patient will be informed that it is possible to suffer a VF and has time to take the necessary measures to overcome a possible medical emergency.

Intent-Based Security for Functional Safety in Cyber-Physical Systems

We propose a novel intent-based method to prevent security attacks on the safety functions in cyber-physical systems used in smart manufacturing. Context information about a cyber-physical system is collected from various sensors including non-safety sensors measuring device temperature, motor rotation speed, or instantaneous power consumption of machines. Such contextual information along with operational and business intent of the system under consideration are then used to check whether the current situation is indeed an emergency situation or a normal situation. Unlike the conventional safety systems that only rely on raw sensor data and safety protocol status packets from safety sensors, which might be spoofed and/or modified, decision on the safety situation in our method is intelligently made by comparing aggregated sensor information from the cyber-physical system and its environment for compliance with pre-configured operational intents that define the normal safe and secure operation of the system. We also show how to integrate Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the proposed method for efficient and automated analysis of both intents and aggregated context information to make more intelligent decisions in execution of functional safety protocols. Our proposed AI/ML integration approach also enables the prediction of safety critical situations before they occur. The proposed method aims to prevent unnecessary switching to fail-safe mode causing insecure system states such as emergency doors opening or system halting in normal situations. In addition, it prevents sticking in non-safe states and not switching to fail-safe mode in real emergencies which could cause hazard on device and/or people.

The Situation of Legal TranslationPost COVID-19

This research focused on the situation of legal translation post COVID-19. A quantitative research design is used with a questionnaire and 50 participants of the Jordanian and Algerian legal translators. The results of the research revealed that legal translation was affected strongly during COVID-19 and that according to the comprehensive ban and there was delay in the issues and legal transactions. But, at post COVID-19, there is a strong demand for legal translation, especially at the first period of stopping the comprehensive ban. Also, most of the legal documents were about immigration transactions to European countries according to the financial situation during and after COVID-19. Also, most of the customers were afraid of COVID-19, and stopped most of their legal operations and transactions until the end of COVID-19, and this directly affected the legal translation. Furthermore, the results revealed that the situation of legal translation became better and more active post COVID-19. As well, the researcher concluded that COVID-19 affected negatively on the legal translation and its effects stated to stop post COVID-19. Also, the comprehensive ban caused reduction of the work in the field of translation in general and in the field of legal translation specifically. As well, the active of legal translation backs to the normal situation post COVID-19.

UNCERTAINTY IN THE RICE SUPPLY CHAIN DURING PRE AND POST PANDEMIC - A CROSS CASE OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA

Even though the social order is starting to recover from the risk of Covid-19 transmission, but the performance of food security is still constrained in some countries, including Indonesia, where the majority of the population consumes rice. If the infection rate spikes again, it can hamper the supply chain for food commodities such as rice. From this paper, the research target focuses on the structure of the supply chain in rice under government supervision operated by a national company. In distribution capacity, domestic rice is a local type of superior quality to every interisland agricultural cooperative in Indonesia. Overall, this scientific paper calculates the multidimensional disruption in the rice supply chain from across the major islands in Indonesia During a normal situation and after a pandemic. A series of annual report data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) are tabulated using parametric regression. The research sample is framed in a combination of agricultural cooperatives in 6 objects in Indonesia based on 12 key variables. The time panel is divided into two compositions: 2017–2019 (pre–Covid) and 2020–2022 (post–Covid). The output of the study clarifies that there is a significant relationship between pre–Covid and post–Covid to the manufacturing industry, quality control, logistics, land infrastructure, and sales significantly. Then, there was a significant link between pre–Covid and post–Covid from paddy production to the manufacturing industry mediated by supply, logistics to agricultural cooperatives mediated by land and marine infrastructure, then agricultural cooperatives to consumers mediated by sales. In relation to this research, the participation of stakeholders is suggested to adopt schemes and controls that are integrated with the transition of the rice supply chain.

Safety and health measures compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic for community-based tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Community-based tourism (CBT) in Thailand faces challenges in adapting to COVID-19 prevention measures. The purpose of the study was to evaluate levels of knowledge, practice, and compliance regarding safety and health measures of the entrepreneur in managing CBT under the Safety and Health Administration (SHA) standard in the new normal situation. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on twenty-one entrepreneurs from three CBTs in three districts in Nakhon Si Thammarat, in the months of February-May 2021. Levels of knowledge and practice were evaluated by questionnaires and compliance level was evaluated by SHA standard checklist. The level of knowledge and practice were categorized sufficient and insufficient, while compliance level was categorized as high or low if scores met or exceeded 80%, based on Bloom's cut-off point. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was also gathered. Fisher's exact test with a 95% confidence level (α < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that 66.7% and 38.1% of the establishments in the study had sufficient knowledge (Mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 7.2, Max: 55.0, Min: 33.0) and sufficient practice (Mean ± SD: 40.4 ± 9.2, Max: 55.0, Min: 29.0), respectively. In addition, the study found that knowledge level was significantly associated with practice level at a p-value of 0.018. However, compliance level was not related to knowledge and practice. In conclusion, the low level of compliance was due to a lack of understanding and motivation to comply with the standard, and the budget of small establishments in CBT for bringing them up to the SHA standard was quite limited. Therefore, the related organizations should use a variety of strategies to encourage entrepreneurs, such as partnership building and resource support.

Navigating the New Normal: Exploring How School Principal Roles Impact Teacher Competency Enhancement

In the new normal, the education world is changing to be more challenging and interesting, including exploring the principal's role and improving the competence of teachers. This article aims to explain the principal's role relationship in improving the competence of teachers in the era of a new normal situation. In this study, we administered and collected data in three vocational schools (SMK). The data were obtained from 40 participants using the semi-structured interview, descriptive data analysis, and Chi-square analysis. The results found that the role of the principal reached 50% both as an educator and a school manager. In addition, it also increases the competence of teachers by around 40% less in the academic aspect and professional achievement to enter the era of the new normal. The chi-square analyzed the hypothesis that showed a significant relationship between the principal's role and the improvement of teachers' competence. It confirmed that the principal's role directly related to or affected the improvement of teachers' competence. In conclusion, the integration of both the principal roles and the improvement of teacher competence affect the educational program's success in the new normal situation.

Digital Rights and the State of Exception. Internet Shutdowns from the Perspective of Just Securitization Theory

Abstract Addressing cases from Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Spain, Togo, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Zimbabwe, this article discusses the global phenomenon of internet shutdowns (ISs) from the normative perspective of Just Securitization Theory (JST). It focuses on the conflict between arguments used to justify ISs and the negative impact of ISs regarding fundamental and human rights. This article develops strict criteria for when ISs might be legitimate as extraordinary security measures in emergency situations. Following JST, these criteria are based on citizens’ right to physical integrity, the expectation of reasonable success, proportionality, harm minimization, and specificity. I argue that it is not legitimate to use ISs to enact collective punishment, preemptive censorship, or hamper legitimate political protests. While denying the legitimacy of the vast majority of ISs on these grounds, I sketch four exceptional scenarios (“WhatsApp lynchings,” “US Capitol 2021,” “Computer virus,” and “False alarm”) in which ISs can be legitimate. JST also includes states’ duty to desecuritize once a threat has been neutralized. In this way, a balanced discussion of ISs as an exceptional measure from the perspective of JST contributes to the establishment of a customary positive human right to digital connectivity in the normal situation.

Blended Learning Experience during COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Rethinking the Barriers in the context of Higher Secondary Level Learners

The blended learning approach played a vital role to continue educational activities during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The traditional face to face classroom teaching -learning system was totally disrupted during pandemic time. The educational activities were continued through different online platforms during pandemic time. Online instructions became popular and effective throughout the pandemic. Teaching -learning activities in different educational institutions in Bangladesh experiences manifold barriers at that time. The present paper aimed at rethinking the barriers of blended learning approach during COVID-19 in HSC level learners of Bangladesh. Randomly selected 360 respondents have been surveyed through a semi-structured survey questionnaire. This paper revealed that blended learning approach faced the problem of poor internet connection, challenge in two way communication, financial constraint, difficulties in presenting online presentation, submitting assignment, lack of experience regarding activity through internet, online group works, online apathy, fear in using internet, noisy environment etc. Finally, this study proposed some recommendations to overcome the barriers of blended learning approach in new normal situation in Bangladesh perspective.

Человек в осажденном городе: к проблеме изучения «девиантного» текста в историческом повествовании Древней Руси

The paper analyzes the information recorded in Old Russian texts about the actions of people in the besieged city, contrary to the legal, social, moral norms of the time. The siege is considered as an extraordinary, extreme situation, which creates the ground for manifestations of deviance. The main types of deviant behavior reflected in the texts of this subject are revealed: eating what was considered unsuitable and/ or unacceptable in a normal situation (including anthropophagy); drunkenness; theft; violent and destructive actions. The study basing on the material of the historical narrative of Old Russia (the story in the Laurentian Chronicle about the capture of Torzhok by Vsevolod Yurievich in 1182, “Histories in memory of the previous generation…” by Avraamy Palitsyn, a long version of “The tale of Khan Tokhtamysh invasion of Moscow Tale”, the story of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich’s campaign against the Volga Bulgars in 1220, the story of the capture of Jerusalem by Titus in the Hellenic and Roman Chronicler (EL-2) and Tikhonravov Chronograph) shows that the information about deviant deeds is not accidental, but is closely connected with the idea and poetry of the works. Formally, the information about such actions of people in the besieged city is divided into brief mentions and “deviant” texts (O.A. Tufanova’s term), which have a more complex structure. In the texts belonging to the second group, the author defines the initial situation (the siege of the city) and the trigger-motif associated with it (hunger), identifies the features of representation of deviant behaviors and analyzes the texts.

Deep learning in early keratoconus/corneal ectasia

Machine learning algorithms have been gaining tremendous relevance in the last decade in more or less all disciplines in medicine. In most cases supervised learning techniques are used to perform classification or graduation of diseases. Early detection of keratoconus in a screening environment is crucial as in this stage several therapeutic options such as collagen crosslinking or intracorneal ring implantation are available which could prevent further progression of the disease. In this talk we focus on new techniques of automatic identification of ectatic corneal diseases such as keratoconus in an early stage based on anterior segment optical coherence measurements with the Casia 2 tomographer. A neural network approach is implemented and fed with data of corneal front surface height and curvature, back surface height and curvature, and thickness data (in total 5 data layers) and the similarity of the measurement to normal or abnormal situation is provided. Performance data are shown for our training, validation, and test dataset.

Managerial Strategies for Organisational Resilience in SME Sector

The current marketplace is constantly evolving, challenging for business leaders and various market turbulences have occurred recently which has impacted all economic and business sectors. Organisational resilience refers to a company’s capacity to successfully bounce back to the normal situation after economic shocks. Resilient firms can also integrate and improve strategies efficiently to manage disruptive occurrences. However, applying right strategies necessitate a diverse set of resources, and enterprises might become more resource-dependent in times of economic crisis. Strategic agility and dynamic capability encompass an organisation’s capacity to build and rapidly deploy flexible, nimble, and dynamic resources. Strategic agility and organisational resilience operate together to adapt to changing conditions, re-energize. Firms with resilience capacity can traverse several types of SA and adapt successfully to changing situations. Consequently, strengthening OR, particularly in the SME sector, is critical, as they are the most susceptible firms, characterized by dynamism and frequently a lack of resources. Therefore, leaders of SMEs have to strategize strategic agility, dynamic capability and strategic orientation properly to foster organisational resilience. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of strategic agility, dynamic capability, strategic orientation on organisational resilience. Accordingly, raw data was collected from 440 SME leaders using quantitative techniques and the findings of the study revealed that Strategic agility and strategic orientation have a significant effect in fostering organisational resilience in SME sector in Sri Lanka. Findings further highlight that strategic sensitivity has a bigger role in fostering resiliency. The findings suggest that strategic agility plays an important role in fostering proactive organisational resilience, while strategic orientation plays a prominent role in developing reactive organisational resilience. In addition, both proactive and reactive organisational resilience significantly support to foster firm resilience. Therefore, SME leaders need to identify enablers of organisational resilience in line with firm characteristics and economic uncertainty of the market.