Normal Range Research Articles

Variability of Resting Carbon Dioxide Tension in Patients with Intracranial Steno-occlusive Disease.

Introduction Controlling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) is an important consideration in patients with intracranial steno-occlusive disease to avoid reductions in critical perfusion from vasoconstriction due to hypocapnia, or reductions in blood flow due to steal physiology during hypercapnia. However, the normal range for resting PCO 2 in this patient population is not known. Therefore, we investigated the variability in resting end-tidal PCO 2 (P ET CO 2 ) in patients with intracranial steno-occlusive disease and the impact of revascularization on resting P ET CO 2 in these patients. Setting and Design Tertiary care center, retrospective chart review Materials and Methods We collected resting P ET CO 2 values in adult patients with intracranial steno-occlusive disease who presented to our institution between January 2010 and June 2021. We also explored postrevascularization changes in resting P ET CO 2 in a subset of patients. Results Two hundred and twenty-seven patients were included [moyamoya vasculopathy ( n = 98) and intracranial atherosclerotic disease ( n = 129)]. In the whole cohort, mean ± standard deviation resting P ET CO 2 was 37.8 ± 3.9 mm Hg (range: 26-47). In patients with moyamoya vasculopathy and intracranial atherosclerotic disease, resting P ET CO 2 was 38.4 ± 3.6 mm Hg (range: 28-47) and 37.4 ± 4.1 mm Hg (range: 26-46), respectively. A trend was identified suggesting increasing resting P ET CO 2 after revascularization in patients with low preoperative resting P ET CO 2 (<38 mm Hg) and decreasing resting P ET CO 2 after revascularization in patients with high preoperative resting P ET CO 2 (>38 mm Hg). Conclusion This study demonstrates that resting P ET CO 2 in patients with intracranial steno-occlusive disease is highly variable. In some patients, there was a change in resting P ET CO 2 after a revascularization procedure.

A phase 1 study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of fadraciclib, an oral CDK2/9 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma.

3125 Background: Fadraciclib (formerly CYC065)is a highly selective inhibitor of CDK2 (IC50= 5 nM) and CDK9 (IC50=26 nM) causing mitotic catastrophe and apoptotic death of cancer cells at sub-micromolar concentrations. In a previous Phase 1 study of intravenous fadraciclib monotherapy, a heavily pretreated endometrial cancer patient with CDNK2A, CDKN2B and PRMT5 loss achieved confirmed CR. This is the first study to evaluate oral fadraciclib monotherapy. Methods: A global Phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation study in subjects with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma (NCT04983810). The Phase 1 portion is exploring both schedule and dose of oral fadraciclib monotherapy in 28-day cycles to identify MTD and/or RP2D using a standard 3+3 design. Results: As of January 31, 2024, 45 subjects have received fadraciclib at 8 dose levels (DL1-6a: 50-150 mg, bid given 3-5 days per week for 3-4 out of 4 weeks or DL6b: 125 mg, daily for 4/4 weeks). Heavily pretreated patients with breast, colorectal, gynecological cancers, and T cell lymphoma with ECOG PS 0:1 (9:36) were enrolled. Fadraciclib was well tolerated at dose levels 1 to 5 (up to 100 mg bid). Adverse events reported were nausea (n=31), vomiting (n=23), thrombocytopenia (n=6). Grade 3 DLT of hyperglycemia (1/2 DL6 and 2/6 DL6a) and nausea (1/2 DL6) was observed at doses above 125mg bid M-F, 4/4 weeks. Hyperglycemia was controlled after dose interruption and blood glucose levels returned to normal range after treatment. Preliminary PK analysis suggests dose dependent exposure. At DL5 and above, plasma concentration was above target concentration from CDK2 and CDK9 target engagement studies. Preliminary PD analysis of treated patient samples showed suppression of expression in multiple target genes, including MYC, MCL1, CCNE/cyclin E, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and PRMT5. Preliminary efficacy data are available for 31 evaluable patients. Two PRs after the first cycle were observed in one patient with CTCL and one with angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL). Twenty patients showed SD. Tumor size reduction was observed in 10 patients. A squamous NSCLC patient harboring a CDK2NB loss of function mutation and prior chemo- and immunotherapy achieved reduction of 22% in the sum of all target lesions after 1 cycle of treatment. Conclusions: Based on data from the CYC065-101 study, fadraciclib appears well tolerated from DL1 to 5. The MTD for the bid dosing schedule is 100mg bid, M-F, 4/4 weeks. The trial is ongoing with evaluation of a daily dosing schedule. Clinical trial information: NCT04983810 .

Italian Guidelines for the Management of Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

This guideline (GL) is aimed at providing a clinical practice reference for the management of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in adults. PHPT management in pregnancy was not considered. This GL has been developed following the methods described in the Manual of the Italian National Guideline System. For each question, the panel appointed by Associazione Medici Endocrinology (AME) and Società Italiana dell'Osteoporosi, del Metabolismo Minerale e delle Malattie dello Scheletro (SIOMMMS) identified potentially relevant outcomes, which were then rated for their impact on therapeutic choices. Only outcomes classified as "critical" and "important" were considered in the systematic review of evidence. Those classified as "critical" were considered for the clinical practice recommendations. The present GL provides recommendations about the roles of pharmacological and surgical treatment for the clinical management of sporadic PHPT. Parathyroidectomy is recommended in comparison to surveillance or pharmacologic treatment in any adult (outside of pregnancy) or elderly subject diagnosed with sporadic PHPT who is symptomatic or meets any of the following criteria: • Serum calcium levels >1 mg/dL above the upper limit of normal range. • Urinary calcium levels >4 mg/kg/day. • Osteoporosis disclosed by DXA examination and/or any fragility fracture. • Renal function impairment (eGFR <60 mL/min). • Clinic or silent nephrolithiasis. • Age ≤50 years. Monitoring and treatment of any comorbidity or complication of PHPT at bone, kidney, or cardiovascular level are suggested for patients who do not meet the criteria for surgery or are not operated on for any reason. Sixteen indications for good clinical practice are provided in addition to the recommendations. The present GL is directed to endocrinologists and surgeons - working in hospitals, territorial services or private practice - and to general practitioners and patients. The recommendations should also consider the patient's preferences and the available resources and expertise.

Taste Changes and Salivary Flow Rate Disparities in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: Exploring the Zinc Connection.

Menopause triggers hormonal changes that can manifest in oral symptoms like dysgeusia, xerostomia, and burning sensations, substantially impacting daily life, including chewing, swallowing, and taste perception. Menopausal women are particularly susceptible to nutritional fluctuations, including variations in zinc levels, which are believed to be linked to taste perception. Taste alterations can render food unappetizing, leading to malnutrition and diminished quality of life. The study aims to assess taste alterations, salivary flow rate, and zinc levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, investigating the correlation between these factors. This research involved 30 premenopausal and 30 postmenopausal women randomly selected from outpatients at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India. Saliva samples were collected, unstimulated salivary flow rates were measured, taste perception was evaluated using a whole mouth threshold taste test, and serum zinc levels were assessed. The study revealed that a significantly higher percentage of postmenopausal women could not identify sucrose taste at concentrations 1 (76.7%, p = 0.017) and concentrations 2 (56.7%, p = 0.007) compared to premenopausal women (43.3%, 20%, respectively). A statistically significant number of postmenopausal women also couldn't identify the bitter taste at concentration 1 (43.3%, p=0.047) compared to premenopausal women. No significant difference in taste perception of salt and sour was observed between both groups at all tested concentrations. In both groups, mean taste perception rankings were similar, with salt being most perceived, followed by sour bitter, and at least with sucrose. Salivary flow rates and zinc levels did not significantly differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The correlation between zinc levels and taste perception was weak and non-significant, indicating that zinc levels were not significant predictors of taste perception in either group. Postmenopausal women exhibited reduced perceptions of sucrose and quinine hydrochloride, potentially impacting eating habits, while taste perception of sodium chloride and citric acid remained relatively consistent. Salivary flow rates and zinc levels were within the normal range for postmenopausal women up to 60 years of age included in the study. The study demonstrated that zinc levels did not significantly influence perception among postmenopausal women, suggesting that taste impairment is a multifactorial phenomenon.

Real-time monitoring method for power system voltage based on optical voltage sensors

Abstract A real-time monitoring method for power system voltage based on optical voltage sensors is proposed to obtain transient voltage signals and achieve real-time tracking of instantaneous changes in electrical parameters of the power system accurately and effectively. Analyzing the topology principle of power system transformers clarifies the installation location of optical voltage sensors. By combining the measurement principle of optical voltage sensors, the electrical, optical modulation, and optical-electrical conversion of voltage signals are achieved, and the voltage signal of the power system is output. Using the short-time Fourier transform method to perform temporal processing on the output signal and obtaining a voltage signal sliding window based on wavelet packet decomposition, we set the normal range threshold of the voltage signal in the sliding window, combined with information entropy theory to extract key features of the voltage signal and achieve real-time monitoring of the power system voltage. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively obtain transient voltage signals of the power system, with an average detection accuracy of 92.61%, and the output voltage can be adjusted promptly to reflect the instantaneous changes in the power system voltage.

Normal range and risk factors for deviating body temperatures during the first 24 hours in term-born infants under standardised care: an observational study

ObjectiveBody temperature for a known ambient temperature is not known for infants born at term. We aimed to determine the normal range and the incidences of hypothermia and hyperthermia during...

A characterization of the HIV population with limited/exhausted treatment options: a multicenter Belgian study

ABSTRACT Objective Describe the prevalence and characteristics of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Belgium with limited/exhausted treatment options. Methods A cross-sectional, multicenter study involving adult treatment-experienced individuals with limited/exhausted treatment options defined as having a multi-drug resistant HIV-1 or a history of multiple treatment changes. The primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of these individuals and classify them based on their two most recent consecutive HIV-1 viral loads (VLs): suppressed (2 VLs < 50 copies/mL), intermediate (≥1 VL between 50–200 copies/mL), or unsuppressed (2 VLs > 200 copies/mL). Secondary outcome was to characterize the participants included in this analysis. Results There were 119 individuals included (prevalence of 0.97%; 119 of 12 282 in care). The majority were aged > 50 years (88.2%), women represented 35.3%, and individuals were primarily White (54.7%). Median (IQR) CD4+ T-cell count was 635 (400–875) cells/µL and most (42%) were on a 3-drug ART regimen. Overall, 87.4% were classified as suppressed, 9.2% as intermediate, and 3.4% as unsuppressed. On multivariable analysis, CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/µL was associated with being classified as intermediate or unsuppressed (p = 0.004). Conclusion In this analysis of PLWH in Belgium, individuals with limited/exhausted treatment options represented a small fraction. Most were on a 3-drug ART regimen, were virologically suppressed, and had a CD4+ T-cell count within normal range. A small proportion were not virologically suppressed while others, despite being suppressed, were on ≥ 4-drug ART regimens. As such, new therapeutic options are needed to achieve and maintain virologic suppression in such individuals while decreasing their pill burden.

Body checking and avoidance among dancers

Dancers are at heightened risk for eating disorders (EDs) and have job and training demands that obscure ED assessment and likely impede treatment. Two behavioral manifestations of ED psychopathology that may present uniquely in a dance environment are body checking and body avoidance. The current study sought to provide a foundational understanding of the phenomenology of body checking and avoidance among dancers by assessing the reliability (i.e., internal consistency) of existing body checking and avoidance measures and the relationships, or convergent validity, between measures of body checking and avoidance and measures of related constructs. Eighty professional and pre-professional (i.e., conservatory level) dancers (78.8 % female) from seven dance genres completed self-report measures of body checking and avoidance, ED pathology, clinical perfectionism, depression, and anxiety. Across the dancer sample, body checking and avoidance measures demonstrated adequate internal consistency. More frequent body checking and body avoidance was strongly related to higher levels of ED pathology. There were moderate to strong correlations between body checking and body avoidance and clinical perfectionism, depression, and anxiety such that higher body checking and body avoidance was related to higher clinical perfectionism, depression, and anxiety. Exploratory analyses found no significant differences between ballet dancers and dancers of other dance genres; professional dancers scored in the normative range on measures of body checking and body avoidance. Dancers' qualitative descriptions of body checking and avoidance revealed behaviors not included in existing questionnaires, such as unique mirror use behaviors, technology-assisted body checking, and the checking and avoidance of body parts relevant to the dance-specific body ideal. Results support the inclusion of body checking and avoidance interventions in ED treatments for dancers (particularly pre-professional dancers) and emphasize the need for dancer-specific ED assessment methods.

정상 체중 비만 성인의 체지방 감량을 위한 한약 처방의 활용: 후향적 차트 리뷰

Objectives Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as a normal body weight according to Body Mass Index (BMI) but with a high body fat percentage. NWO is associated with metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors, thereby emphasizing the importance of body fat loss. The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in weight and body fat with NWO who were prescribed Korean herbal medicine. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for subjects with NWO, within the normal weight range but with over 30% body fat percentage. These subjects were prescribed herbal medicine for a 12-week between March 2021 and May 2023. Weight (kg), body fat mass (kg), body fat percentage (%) and % Fat Free Mass (FFM) loss/weight loss (%FFML) were assessed before and after the period. Reported adverse events were evaluated for severity, causality, and system-organ classes. Results A total of 42 subjects were included (mean±SD, weight 57.38±3.45 kg, body fat percentage 33.65±2.12%). The average weight loss rate was 6.99±3.22% with a reduction of 4.08±1.95 kg, while the body fat loss rate averaged 18.00± 0.08% with a decrease of 3.54±1.73 kg. The average of %FFML was 21.89±0.16%. Most adverse events reported were mild (90.9%) in severity, and the likelihood of events being 'Unlikely' increased from 48.8% to 64.3% as the program progressed. Conclusions The administration of Korean herbal medicine can be considered an appropriate method to alleviate normal weight obesity, without causing serious adverse reactions. Further well-designed controlled trials and clinical studies with the analysis of hematological indicators are needed to validate its efficacy.

Decreased spermatogonial numbers in boys with severe haematological diseases.

This study examines spermatogonial numbers in testicular samples from 43 prepubertal patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation during HSCT can impact spermatogenesis requiring fertility preservation. Results show that 49% of patients have decreased and 19% severely depleted spermatogonial pool prior to HSCT. Patients with Fanconi anaemia exhibit significantly reduced spermatogonial numbers. Patients with immunodeficiency or aplastic anaemia generally present within the normal range, while results in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm vary. The study emphasizes the importance of assessing spermatogonial numbers in patients with severe haematological diseases for informed fertility preservation decisions.

Consumption of Purple Sweet Potato Snack Bar and Self Help Group for Blood Glucose Levels in Patients Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, occurs when insulin production in the pancreas is insufficient or when insulin cannot be used effectively by the body, so that blood sugar levels exceed the normal range. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from year to year has increased significantly. Currently, diet management, exercise and the use of pharmacological therapy are options in the management of diabetes mellitus. In addition to this therapy, there is therapy by giving purple sweet potato snack bars and self help groups. Purpose: to prove the effectiveness of the intervention of a combination of purple sweet potato snack bar and self help group on fasting blood glucose levels of respondents with diabetes mellitus.Methods: This research is a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. This study had 60 respondents who were divided into 2 groups and were taken using non-probability sampling techniques with the stratified random sampling method. The study was conducted on March 12, 2022 – June 3, 2022. In this study, statistical analysis was carried out computerized. The pre-test post-test difference test uses the Wilcoxon test. Difference test between groups using Mann-Whitney. Results: This study showed that a significant difference before being given treatment with purple sweet potato snack bars 2x32 grams/3 days a week for 21 days and self-help group therapy for 3 meetings in 21 days showed a significant decrease from 173.30 mg/dl. to 130.03 mg/dl with a delta difference of - 43.267 mg/dl in the intervention group, while the control group also decreased after giving self help group therapy for 3 meetings in 21 days showing a decrease from 189.53 mg/dl to 163.83 mg/dl with a delta difference of -25,700 mg/dl (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Treatment in the form of purple sweet potato snack bar intervention and self help group had an effect on reducing fasting blood sugar levels of respondents with type II diabetes mellitus. type II diabetes mellitus patient.

Caesalpinia sappan Reduce Fever with An Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanism: A Review

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Caesalpinia sappan L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; (Sappan wood) is an herbal plant that has long been trusted by the public as an herbal medicine for tuberculosis, diarrhea, dysentery, skin infections, anemia, and other diseases by utilizing the decoction of &lt;em&gt;C.sappan&lt;/em&gt;. Sappan wood is an herbal plant widely used as a raw material for traditional medicinal products. Sappan wood has been reported to have substantial pharmacological effects in analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral. Fever is a clinical manifestation of certain conditions or diseases characterized by increased body temperature above the normal range (36.5–37.5 °C). Many studies declare that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in &lt;em&gt;C.sappan&lt;/em&gt; reduces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This literature review shows that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of &lt;em&gt;C.sappan&lt;/em&gt; are linked to fever as a sign of illness. Literature review using the last ten years' Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed databases. There are as many as 20 journals regarding sappan wood's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Sappan wood has been shown to have an antioxidant effect by lowering reactive oxygen species levels via SOD, GPx, or CAT markers. It inhibits inflammation cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;𝝰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;, and INF produced during fever. Sappan wood also has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting PGE2 production when someone has a fever. The findings of our review state that &lt;em&gt;C.sappan&lt;/em&gt; can be used to treat fever for both of these reasons. The use of &lt;em&gt;C.sappan&lt;/em&gt; as a component in producing traditional health beverages has potential.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Benign transient hyperphosphatasemia in the pediatric population: a single center cohort study.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can be increased in a benign condition known as benign-transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH). We aimed to evaluate the demographic, and clinical characteristics of infants and children with BTH. In our retrospective study, infants and children diagnosed with BTH between September 2019 and September 2023 were included. Of 249 children with elevated ALP levels, 95 (38.1 %) had BTH. The mean age at diagnosis of children with BTH was 2.4±1.3 years (min 0.6- max 6.2 years). ALP mean value was 2,587±1252 U/L (min 972- max 5757 U/L). ALP value was an average 7.4±3.6 times higher than the corresponding upper limit of normal. The second measurement was made after an average of 13.2±6days, and a statistically significant difference was detected compared to the first value, with a decrease of 61±23 % in the ALP value (p<0.001). ALP value returned to normal in an average of 44±29.2days. Elevated ALP was detected during infection in 49 (51.6 %) children. When the sample was divided into those under 2 years of age and aged 2 and over, no statistical difference was observed in ALP levels in the time it took for ALP levels to return to the normal range (p=0.480). BTH should be kept in mind if high serum ALP is detected in children without clinical or laboratory suspicion of bone or liver disease. In the follow up detecting a significant decrease trend compared to the first value may be guiding for BTH.

Does Elevated Mean-Arterial Pressure Lead to Better Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy?- A Prospective, Pilot Randomized Control Trial.

Randomized Control Trial. DCM refers to compression of spinal cord either due to static/dynamic causes or commonly, a result of combination of both. Number of variables exist, which determine prognosis post-surgery. Role of intra-operative blood pressure has not been analyzed in depth in current literature. Elevating MAP post SCI is widely practiced and forms a recommendation of AANS/CNS Joint Committee Guidelines. This led us to investigate role played by elevated MAP during surgery for DCM, in order to optimize outcomes. This prospective randomized comparative pilot study was conducted at a tertiary care spine centre. 84 patients were randomly divided in two groups. Group 1 had intra-operative MAP in normal range. Group 2, had intra-operative BP 20 mmHg higher than preoperative average MAP with a variation of + 5mmHg. Outcomes were recorded at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year by mJOA, VAS and ASIA scale. Neurological improvement was documented in 19/30 (63.3%) patients of hypertensive group compared to 16/30 (53.3%) patients of normotensive group. Improvements in mJOA scores were better for hypertensive group during the 1-year follow-up. Improvement in VAS scores were comparable between two groups, but at 1-year follow-up the VAS score of hypertensive groups was significantly lower. MAP should be individualized according to preoperative average blood pressure assessment of patient. Keeping intraoperative MAP at higher level (preoperative MAP + 20mmHg) during surgery for DCM can result in better outcomes.

Effect of coconut shell extract on the growth performance and some haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken

This experiment was carried out at Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India to evaluate the effect of coconut shell extract on the growth performance and some haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken. 240 – 1 day old Hubbard broiler chicks of mixed sex were randomly distributed to six treatments with six replicates containing ten birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment 1(T1) was fed standard diet with no coconut shell extract; T2: standard diet with 1.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water; T3: standard diet with 2.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water and T4: standard diet with 3.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water. Standard diet was formulated according to the nutritional needs of broilers. The study lasted for fifty-six day and birds were offered fresh clean water and feed ad libitum. Phenols (410.3 mg/g-1), tannins (98.21 mg/g-1), alkaloids (100.6 mg/g-1), flavonoids (309.5 mg/g-1), saponins (71.4 mg/g-1) and steroids (28.7 mg/g-1) were identified coconut shell extract. Overall weight gains of birds fed T3 (2506.3 g) and T4 (2527.6 g) had a numerical and a remarkable significant improvement if feed conversion ratio from 1.92 to 1.59 compared to T2 (2210.0 g) and T1 (1996.1 g). Mortality was only recorded among birds in T1 (2.00 %) (p &lt; 0.05). Pack cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations were influenced (p &lt; 0.05) by the treatments. However, values were within the normal range for healthy birds. Total protein, albumin and globulin values were higher in T2, T3 and T4 except for alanine phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values which were not significantly (p &gt; 0.05) different among the treatment. Total cholesterol was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in T1 relative to the other treatments. It was concluded that coconut shell extract can be fed to broilers up to 3.0 mL without causing any negative effect on the health status of animals.

Factors Contributing to Molar Pregnancy Through a Study in Jiblah University Hospital, IBB: Study from 2017 to 2022

Background: The reported prevalence rates of hydatidiform mole (HM) vary greatly across geography and time, making worldwide comparisons challenging, especially in developing countries and resource-limited settings. To date, few studies have been reported in Yemen regarding the epidemiology, management, and outcome of patients with HM. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence of HM among women who visited a large tertiary center at Jiblah University Hospital in Yemen. Method: A retrospective study was conducted between Jun 2017 and Sep 2022 at Jiblah University Hospital, Ibb, Yemen including all women with a diagnosis of HM. Complete medical histories for all HM patients were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 160 women diagnosed with HM at Jiblah University Hospital -Ibb study from 2017 to 2022 years were included in the study. The mean gestational age on admission was 25.2 years. Sixty-two patients (38.7%) have Hb less than normal range and 94 of patients (58.8 %) have Hb normal range 12- 15g/dl and 4 patients (2.5 %) have Hb more than normal range 15g/dl. However, the percentage blood types (A+, A-, B-, B+, O+, O- and AB+) were 40.6%, 0.6%, 5%, 0.6%, 41.9 %, 7.5% and 3.8%, respectively. On the other hand, among the sample, 4 (2.5%) women were diagnosed histopathologically to have previous V.M and while 156 (97.5%) women were diagnosed histopathologically to have no previous V.M. A number of women who had previous abortion were recorded 46(28.7%) and while the women had not previous abortion was 114(41.4%). Among the women who had smoking and no smoking were recorded 2(1.3%) and 158(98.7%), respectively. Finally, unfortunately the researchers didn’t find following risk factors in the register of patients, such as (Ovulation induction, genes mutation, infertility and birth control pills), by researching the record of patients with HM or registered as having HM. However, our study found the relationship between age groups and the previous abortion about associate risk factors of molar pregnancy. There is statistically significant difference between previous abortion and age, with P-value =0.007. Conclusion: The present study showed that incident hydatidiform mole were higher in 20-29 years of maternal age, so we found that the incidence of HM in younger age patients is the most common. Also, we found that the significant positive correlation was found between age with previous abortions. Therefore, it is recommended that women should undergo health care before pregnancy and further studies are required to provide solutions to reduce the cases of HM.

Anterior vertebral tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: our initial ten year clinical experience.

Anterior vertebral tethering (AVT) is a minimally invasive alternative to fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that offers the potential for definitive scoliosis treatment with the possibility of preservation of the growth, motion, function and overall health of the spine. This study represents our first ten years using AVT to treat AIS. In this retrospective review we analyzed our first 74 AIS patients treated with AVT 2010-2020. Multiple Lenke curve types 33-70° were treated with skeletal maturity spanning Risser -1 to 5. Of 74 consecutive AIS patients treated with AVT, 52 patients (47 female, 5 male) had sufficient 2-year follow-up for inclusion. Forty-six of these 52 patients (88%) with 65 curves (35T, 30TL/L) were satisfactorily treated with AVT demonstrating curve correction from 48.6° pre-op (range 33°-70°) at age 15.1years (range 9.2-18.8) and skeletal maturity of Risser 2.8 (range -1 to 5) to 23.2° post-op (range 0°-54°) and 24.0° final (range 0°-49°) at 3.3years follow-up (range 2-10years). Curve corrections from pre-op to post-op and pre-op to final were both significant (p < 0.001). The 0.8° change from post-op to final was not significant but did represent good control of scoliosis correction over time. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were maintained in a normal range throughout while axial rotation demonstrated a slight trend toward improvement. Skeletal maturity of Risser 4 or greater was achieved in all but one patient. Four of the 52 patients (8%) required additional procedures for tether rupture (3 replacements) or overcorrection (1 removal) to achieve satisfactory treatment status after AVT. An additional 6 of the 52 patients (12%), however, were not satisfactorily treated with AVT, requiring fusion for overcorrection (2) or inadequate correction (4). In this study, AIS was satisfactorily treated with AVT in the majority of patients over a broad range of curve magnitudes, curve types, and skeletal maturity. Though late revision surgery for overcorrection, inadequate correction, or tether rupture was not uncommon, the complication of overcorrection was eliminated after our first ten patients by a refinement of indications. IV.

Serum Creatinine as an Independent Predictor of Moderate to Severe Fibrosis in Chinese American Non-obese Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely linked to the obesity epidemic. However, non-obese MASLD (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m2 for Asians) is not uncommon, especially among Asian American populations. Preliminary research has demonstrated sarcopenia, a muscle-wasting syndrome, to be a major risk factor for non-obese Chinese MASLD. This study examined serum creatinine (SCr), a sarcopenia biomarker, and other prominent MASLD biomarkers for their ability to predict moderate to severe fibrosis (≥7.5 kPa or ≥F2 fibrosis) in the Chinese American MASLD population. A total of 296 Chinese American MASLD patients were categorized by BMI and fibrosis severity. As per World Health Organization guidelines for Asians, we identified obese MASLD (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in 191 subjects (64.5%) and non-obese MASLD (BMI < 25 kg/m2) in 105 subjects (35.5%). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to ascertain which biomarkers served as independent predictors of ≥F2 fibrosis. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to compare MASLD cohorts (stratified by gender) and the healthy adult population on SCr distribution. The obese MASLD cohorts had higher rates of ≥F2 fibrosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to their older, non-obese counterparts. For obese MASLD patients, higher age (P < 0.05), increased BMI (P < 0.01), increased AST (P < 0.05), and decreased platelets (P < 0.05) independently predicted ≥F2 fibrosis. For non-obese MASLD patients, lowered SCr (P < 0.05) levels served as the main predictor of≥F2 fibrosis. Female MASLD patients had markedly lower SCr distributions (P < 0.001) compared to the healthy female population, with 26.8% having SCr levels below the normal range. In summary, SCr was the predominant predictor of moderate to severe fibrosis in non-obese Chinese American MASLD patients. The high rate of decreased SCr levels in Chinese American MASLD women suggests that this population may be at higher risk for muscle mass loss, which can lead to liver fat accumulation.

Once-per-week haemodialysis in a financial crisis: Predictors of interdialytic weight gain.

Several countries are experiencing challenges in maintaining standard haemodialysis services for people with kidney failure. This study aimed to investigate the health profile of people receiving haemodialysis and to identify factors associated with interdialytic weight gain. A cross-sectional study. A total of 166 adults with kidney failure and receiving haemodialysis for at least 3 months were included. A structured chart audit form collected, demographic and haemodialysis treatment characteristics, recent biochemical and haematological results, and prescribed treatment regimens from clinical records. Data were analysed descriptively. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to identify independent risk factors for interdialytic weight gain. Mean age was 52 years (SD = 12.5), over half were male (60.2%, n = 100), and most were receiving 4 h of haemodialysis once per week (87.3%, n = 145). Approximately half (51.8%, n = 86) had an interdialytic weight gain >2%. Being female (OR = 3.39; 95% CI, 1.51-7.61), increased comorbidities (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.22-1.84) and having BMI outside of the normal range (overweight/obese [OR = 8.49; 95% CI, 3.58-20.13] or underweight [OR = 4.61; 95% CI, 1.39-15.31]) were independent risk factors for increased interdialytic weight gain. Most patients were receiving 4 h of haemodialysis once per week although only modest alterations in potassium, phosphate, and fluid status were observed. Understanding the patient profile and predictors of interdialytic weight gain will inform the development of self-management interventions to optimise clinician support.

3D-printed magnetic-based air pressure sensor for continuous respiration monitoring and breathing rehabilitation

The rapid development of point-of-care testing has made prompt diagnosis, monitoring and treatment possible for many patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases. Currently, the biggest challenge is further optimizing testing devices to facilitate more functionalities with higher efficiency and performance, along with specificity toward patient needs. By understanding that patients with chronic respiratory diseases may have difficulty breathing within a normal range, a respiration sensor is developed focusing on sensitivities in the lower air pressure range. In contrast to the simpler airflow data, the sensor can provide respiratory air pressure as an output using a magnetic-based pressure sensor. This unconventional but highly reliable approach, combined with the rest of the simple 3D-printed design of the sensor, offers a wide range of tunability and functionalities. Due to the detachable components of the respiration sensor, the device can be easily transformed into other respiratory uses such as an inspiratory muscle training device or modified to cater for higher-ranged deep breathing. Therefore, not only does it reach very low air pressure measurement (0.1 cmH2O) for normal, tidal breathing, but the sensor can also be manipulated to detect high levels of air pressure (up to 35 cmH2O for exhalation and 45 cmH2O for inhalation). With its excellent sensitivities (0.0456 mV/cmH2O for inhalation, -0.0940 mV/cmH2O for exhalation), impressive distinction between inhalation and exhalation, and fully reproducible and convenient design, we believe that this respiration sensor will pave the way for developing multimodal and multifunctional respiration sensors within the biomedical field.