Normal Pulse Rate Research Articles

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF GRANULOMA IN A 5-YEAR-OLD UDA EWE

Granuloma is a well-known inflammatory condition in veterinary and human medicine. It is a chronic inflammatory reaction triggered by a wide variety of persistent agents, characterized by the recruitment and activation of macrophages, occasionally presenting areas of central necrosis. The aim of the present report is to provide information regarding the manifestation, cytology, histology and management of granuloma in sheep. A five-year-old Uda ewe was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos in September, 2023, with a large mass around the neck, extending towards the jugular furrow. Following cytological examination of the mass, surgical excision was undertaken under mild sedation (2% Xylazine) and local anaesthesia (1% Lidocaine hydrochloride). The mass was subjected to histopathological examination, while routine wound cleansing and care was instituted with post-operative administration of analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent, antibiotics, multivitamins and tetanus toxoid intramuscularly. Histopathological findings comprised of masses having necrotic centre with sulfur granules, area of macrophages, lymphocyte, plasma cell and zones of fibro-connective tissue with evidence of neo-vascularization and perivascular cuffing supporting the diagnosis of granuloma. Follow-up re-examinations of the Ewe were undertaken every other day with stitches removed on day 12 post-operation following complete apposition of the wound edges. After 14 days of management, the ewe was discharged following normal rectal temperature (39.0ºC), pulse rates (80.0 beats/minute) and respiratory rates (28.0 cycles/minute). Therefore, cases of granuloma could be satisfactorily managed by complete surgical excision with thorough post-operative care.

Building design features and wind effects on rabbits in cages

Rearing rabbits in the tropics has been discovered to be a lucrative alternative to providing white meat to the populace. While red meat is available, evidence reveals that they are more expensive; hence, the need to increase rabbit production especially as they can be conveniently reared at home backyards and as they can easily convert family’s leftover foods into meat. However, rabbits’ comfortability during rearing cannot be compromised, thus the research was borne out to investigate their welfare through their respiratory and pulse rates when reared in different housing designs. Buildings were constructed: width = 1.2 m; length = 4.8 m; height = 1.2 m, all at 0.5 m height from the ground, each with pens in accordance with desired building openings and building orientations, all were for a pen per doe. Factors considered were the season of the year at two levels: dry and rainy seasons; building orientations at three levels: 0o, 45º, and 90º to the prevailing wind’s direction and ventilation side openings: four levels of 50 %, 60 %, 70%, and 80 %, all replicated thrice to be 2 x 3 x 4 x 3 factorial design. Measured were pulse and respiratory rates at 10.00 h and 14.00 h daily. Interactions between different openings, orientations and seasons were significant at p≤0.01 on the pulse rate of does. The range of wind speed was between 3.61 and 5.04 km/h, this falls within the thermo-comfort range for does. There were higher R2 values, which depicted high correlations between the animals’ and the wind directions or wind speeds. The low wind speeds recorded cumulatively resulted in normal pulse rates and respiratory rates in does at all orientations. The effects of all building designs did not change the normalcy in both respiratory and pulse rates in the rabbits’ lives in the reared environment.

The Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Serum Levels of Vitamin D

Objective: To find out the status of vitamin D in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Material and Methods: This comparative study was conducted in Govt Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital. Duration of study was from June 2017 to June 2018. A case control study was carried out on 60 patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (age range 25 to 60 years fulfils the criteria of 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification. Duration of study was from June 2017 to June 2018. Patients/controls were comprised as group A (30 patients with mild arthritis), group B (30 patients with moderate form of arthritis) and group C (20 age, sex matched healthy controls). Results: Mean age of patients was 36.50 years. Majority of women were house wives with average health status with normal pulse rate and blood pressure. Clinical variables of patients showed the small joint involvement, swelling, tenderness with moderate to severity of disease. It is observed that the level of vitamin D was significantly low in group of patients presented with severe form of arthritis as compared to group of patient who has mild to moderate arthritis. Study also observed that both group of patient has significantly low levels of vitamin D as compared to controls. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and may be linked to severity in RA. It is therefore a need of supplementation of Vitamin D for the pain relief in RApatients.

Risk factors for neonatal hypothermia at Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia.

The first few minutes after birth are the most dangerous for the survival of an infant. Babies in neonatal intensive care units are either under heated or overheated, and hypothermic infants remain hypothermic or develop a fever. As a result, special attention must be paid to monitoring and maintaining the time of recovery from hypothermia states. Despite numerous studies, only a few have examined the transition from neonatal hypothermia and associated risk factors in depth. A retrospective observational study was conducted to track axillary temperatures taken at the time of neonatal intensive care unit admission, which were then tracked every 30 minutes until the newborn's temperature stabilized. All hypothermic neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2018 and December 2020 was included in the study. Temperature data were available at birth and within the first three hours of admission for 391 eligible hypothermic neonates. The effect of factors on the transition rate in different states of hypothermia was estimated using a multi-state Markov model. The likelihood of progressing from mild to severe hypothermia was 5%, while the likelihood of progressing to normal was 34%. The average time spent in a severe hypothermia state was 48, 35, and 24 minutes for three different levels of birth weight, and 53, 41, and 31 minutes for low, moderate, and normal Apgar scores, respectively. Furthermore, the mean sojourn time in a severe hypothermia state was 48, 39, and 31 minutes for three different levels of high, normal, and low pulse rate, respectively. For hypothermic survivors within the first three hours of life, very low birth weight, low Apgar, and high pulse rate had the strongest association with hypothermia and took the longest time to improve/recover. As a result, there is an urgent need to train all levels of staff dealing with maintaining the time of recovery from neonatal hypothermia.

The Effect of Intravenous Induction of Anesthesia on the Hemodynamic Changes among Patient in Central Surgical Unit of Level-II Udayana Denpasar Hospital

Introduction: Intravenous anesthetic induction is a medically-induced technique that can cause hemodynamic disorder. The impact that occurs if hemodynamic disorders are not immediately resolved in patients with intravenous anaesthesia induction can cause an increase or decrease in blood pressure, decreased tissue perfusion, increased heart rate and arrhythmias so that it disrupts the surgical action plan. Blood pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and pulse should be monitored carefully during induction. We ought to examine the effect of intravenous induction of anesthesia on the hemodynamic changes among patients in the Level-II Udayana Denpasar Hospital.
 Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique. All patients under intravenous induction of anesthesia were considered eligible study respondents. Data were collected using an observation sheet, The number of samples in this study were 60 respondents, and the statistical test used a univariate technique by looking at the frequency distribution of the hemodynamic features of the patient's blood pressure and pulse.
 Results: Findings reported that the majority of patients were documented with normal systolic blood pressure (51: 85.0%), normal MAP (56; 93.3%), and normal pulse rate (44; 73.3%) during the intravenous induction. Low diastolic blood pressure was reported among 33 respondents (55.5%).
 Conclusion: The intravenous anesthetic induction altered the hemodynamic status among the respondents.

Kelelahan pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Fatigue is a characteristic symptom and is often found in CHF patients and has a negative effect on daily activities, disease prognosis, and patient's quality of life. However, fatigue is a common symptom that is often overlooked and ignored. Limited study explored fatigue in CHF patients. The aim of this study was to explore fatigue in CHF patients. Methods: The research design is a descriptive survey. The total research sample is 85 respondents. Data were taken using a Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue (MAF) questionnaire with univariate data analysis in the form of a frequency distribution. Respondents involved in the study were patients aged >18 years who suffered from CHF based on a doctor's diagnosis and confirmed by medical records. Results: The majority of respondents are elderly with female gender, work as household workers, and heve income less than Rp1,500,000/month. Examination of vital signs performed on the majority of CHF patients showed normal temperature (36.5℃ - 37.5℃), pre-hypertensive blood pressure (120/80 - 139/89 mmHg), normal pulse (60-100x/min), and normal respiratory rate (12-20x/minute). Most patients have a CHF duration of 1–3 years, and are in grades 2 and 3 based on the New York Association (NYHA) classification. The results of this study were 65.9% of CHF patients experienced moderate fatigue, 17.6% severe fatigue, and 16.5% mild fatigue. Conclusion: Health services can consider efforts to improve the quality of nursing services in overcoming or minimizing fatigue experienced by CHF patients. These efforts can be a therapy, evidence-based health education, or fatigue monitoring for preventing a worsening of disease prognosis and improving the patient's quality of life. Keywords: CHF, Fatigue, Multidimensional Assesment Fatigue.

Kelelahan pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Fatigue is a characteristic symptom and is often found in CHF patients and has a negative effect on daily activities, disease prognosis, and patient's quality of life. However, fatigue is a common symptom that is often overlooked and ignored. Limited study explored fatigue in CHF patients. The aim of this study was to explore fatigue in CHF patients. Methods: The research design is a descriptive survey. The total research sample is 85 respondents. Data were taken using a Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue (MAF) questionnaire with univariate data analysis in the form of a frequency distribution. Respondents involved in the study were patients aged >18 years who suffered from CHF based on a doctor's diagnosis and confirmed by medical records. Results: The majority of respondents are elderly with female gender, work as household workers, and heve income less than Rp1,500,000/month. Examination of vital signs performed on the majority of CHF patients showed normal temperature (36.5℃ - 37.5℃), pre-hypertensive blood pressure (120/80 - 139/89 mmHg), normal pulse (60-100x/min), and normal respiratory rate (12-20x/minute). Most patients have a CHF duration of 1–3 years, and are in grades 2 and 3 based on the New York Association (NYHA) classification. The results of this study were 65.9% of CHF patients experienced moderate fatigue, 17.6% severe fatigue, and 16.5% mild fatigue. Conclusion: Health services can consider efforts to improve the quality of nursing services in overcoming or minimizing fatigue experienced by CHF patients. These efforts can be a therapy, evidence-based health education, or fatigue monitoring for preventing a worsening of disease prognosis and improving the patient's quality of life. Keywords: CHF, Fatigue, Multidimensional Assesment Fatigue.

A cross sectional survey on blood pressure screening at World Hypertension Day Commemoration Health Outreach among adult residents of Life Camp, Abuja, Nigeria

Background: Hypertension is the most common non-communicable and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria putting a significant strain on families and the country's limited health-care resources. One major issue affecting Nigeria's response to this burden is a lack of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Research findings show that high blood pressure is frequently diagnosed as an incidental finding in people who are seeking treatment forunrelated ailments. Reports also indicate that a nationwide measure to facilitate regular screening and detection of high blood pressure is still lacking. The World Health Organization, however, emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about high blood pressure to reduce the overall burden of the disease. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of BP measurements among volunteering adults and examine the relationship, if any, between BPand their age and gender. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among adults who voluntarily attended a Health Awareness Talk. Participants were informed of the BP measurement to be carried out. Those who indicated interest and gave their consent had their B.P and pulse rate measured. Statistical analysis was then carried out using SPSS. Results: Majority (73.3%, n=120) of the participants were male with the dominant age group being 36 – 50 years (44.2%). While 50% of respondents had normal BP, more than 90% had normal pulse rates. Cross tabulations of gender against BP showed that about 51% of males had higher than normal BP readings compared to 47% of females. Cross tabulations of age against BP readings showed that the age group of 51 years and above had the highest percentage of BPreadings greater than normal. Conclusion: Blood Pressure readings were found to be highest in the oldest age group and for the male gender.Although these associations were statistically insignificant, more in-depth studies are required to further prove these findings.

Case Study of Asmaul Husna Listening Therapy to Lower the Scale of Pain in Head Injury Patient

Objective: This case study was conducted to describe the intervention of Asmaul Husna in reducing pain in patients with head injuries. Method: This study uses a case study design with an evidence-based practice implementation approach that focuses on nursing interventions. The study was conducted at the BLUD RSU Banjar City on 25-27 May 2022. The participant in this study was a patient 35 years old, male, who complains of pain in the back of the head. The process of assessing and establishing a diagnosis is focused on the main problem. Objective and subjective data become a reference for periodic evaluation of nursing implementation. And the researchers measured the pain scale using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) measurement design. Result: The patient acknowledged that the pain decreased after the Asmaul Husna intervention was given. Asmaul Husna's intervention should be suspected of being effective in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries as evidenced by subjective patient recognition, although it has not been supported by a normal pulse rate as an indicator of physical health. Conclusion: Theoretically, this research does not conflict with previous research so it can be a reference in future research. Clinically, Asmaul Husna intervention can be an alternative intervention to reduce pain scale in patients with chronic diseases such as head injuries in hospitals and health centers.

Effect of Auditory Stimulation by Upbeat Music on Radial Pulse

Introduction: Music of varying tempo or beats have physiological as well as adverse effects on the body. This study throws light on the influence of upbeat music on properties of radial pulse, in healthy young adults. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five students between the age of nineteen and twenty-four years were included in this study. The experiment was conducted in a room, devoid of any external disturbances. Subjects were made to listen the chosen upbeat music for 4 minutes using a headphone. The radial pulse was measured before and immediately after the experiment. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: In this study we observed that normal mean pulse rate was 76 per minute in males and 72 per minute in female young adults. Following the auditory stimulation with upbeat music, rise in pulse rate was observed in more than 70% of subjects. Whilst, 24% showed a decrease pulse rate and 5% showed no change in pulse rate. Increased pulse rate was associated with decrease in amplitude of pulse wave but no change in rhythm and character of the pulse when compared to resting state. Conclusion: This study indicates that the music can increase the pulse rate in the majority of the subjects but also decreases the pulse rate in few individuals. This study provides the preliminary evidence to promote the music therapy in many preventive programs for patients with depression, patients with depressed cardiac functioning and useful in improving daily performances.

MO1045: Incidental Finding of Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus and the Absent Left Kidney in a 55-Year-Old Nepali Woman: A Case Report

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of the heart: instead of the heart forming in the foetus on the left side, it flips over and forms on the right side. Situs inversus is a congenital condition in which the main visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their usual positions. If both conditions are present, it is called situs inversus totalis. The prevalence of situs inversus is about 0.01%. It is generally an autosomal recessive genetic condition, although it can be X-linked. 25% of people with this condition have an underlying primary ciliary dyskinesia. We are reporting a case of a 55-year-old woman who was found to have a situs inversus totalis with an absent left kidney. No case report has been published yet. METHOD 54-year-old G5P4(2213) woman, government worker presented to an outpatient clinic with complaints of dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, suprapubic burning sensation and mild chest pain in January 2016. The patient did not have any cardiopulmonary symptoms like chronic coughs, nasal congestion and palpitations. Physical examination of the cardiovascular system revealed a normal pulse rate of 70 beats/min and her blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg. Her lungs were clear on auscultation. There was no pedal oedema or any signs of fluid overload. Routine urine analysis revealed protein 1+, with no sugar, no white cell count and negative nitrites. Renal function test showed mildly elevated creatinine of 138.0 umol/L with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 49mL/min using Cockcroft-Gault equation, sodium of 141.0 mEq/L, potassium (K) 5.2 mEq/L, blood urea 9.7mmol/L. Routine chest X-ray revealed heart apex in the right side and gastric air bubble seen below right hemidiaphragm. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound revealed the liver presented in the left hypochondrium with normal texture. The spleen was noted in the right hypochondrium with normal texture. The right kidney was normal ∼ 9.7cm in size, the outline was smooth and regular with maintained corticomedullary differentiation, with no hydronephrosis. The left kidney was not visualized. The urinary bladder was normal in outline, distensibility and thickness. The uterus was anteverted with a regular outline and normal endometrial echo complex. Computed tomography scan with contrast of abdomen was done which revealed the liver was present in the left hypochondrium and the spleen was present in the right hypochondrium, inferior vena cava on left side and aorta on the right side. The left kidney and ureter were not visualized. Normal right pelvicalyceal system and excretion from the right kidney were noted. RESULTS The above-mentioned patient did not have any cyanosis, cough, sinusitis, or recurrent chest or urinary tract infections. To diagnose situs inversus, thorough physical examination, chest X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging are necessary. These imaging modalities help to evaluate the structures of the internal organs, such as the location of cardiac apex, the site of aorta relative to midline, the location of the stomach, the liver and gallbladder, presence and appearance of the spleens and presence of the kidneys and vascular structures. CONCLUSION Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a rare congenital malformation that must be fully evaluated when there is a suspicion because in some cases it can have deadly results. Apart from detailed medical history and physical examinations, imaging modalities should be used for reaching the diagnosis. Routine and regular follow-ups must be arranged for the patients who have this condition. Patients with unilateral renal agenesis must have regular kidney function tests as well as other modalities when necessary to reduce the chance of deterioration in kidney function and kidney damage.

Multifocal Small Bowel Intussusception: An Unusual Presentation of a Common Problem

Question: A 32-year-old, previously well woman presented with a 4-day history of central cramping abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. There was associated weight loss of 9 kg over 2 weeks, along with episodes of intermittent loose stools over the previous year. Examination revealed a soft abdomen, with tenderness in the epigastric and suprapubic regions without evidence of peritonism. She was normotensive, had normal pulse rate and was afebrile. Laboratory testing revealed a metabolic acidosis (pH 7.21) with elevated lipase (179 U/L; reference range, 10–60 U/L) and hypokalemia (3.1 mmol/L; reference range, 3.5–5.2 mmol/L); vitamin D levels were deplete (20 nmol/L; reference, ≥50 nmol/L).

POS-523 Incidental Finding of Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus and the absent left kidney in a 55-year-old Nepali woman, a case report

Dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of the heart: instead of the heart forming in the fetus on the left side, it flips over and forms on the right side. Situs Inversus is a congenital condition in which the main visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their usual positions. If both conditions are present it is called situs inversus totalis. 54 years old G5P4(2213) woman, government worker presented to an outpatient clinic with complaints of dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, suprapubic burning sensation, and mild chest pain in January 2016. The patient did not have any cardiopulmonary symptoms like chronic coughs, nasal congestion, and palpitations. Physical examination of the cardiovascular system revealed a normal pulse rate of 70 beats per minute and her blood pressure was 100/60mmHg. Her lungs were clear on auscultation. There was no pedal edema or any signs of fluid overload. Routine urine analysis revealed protein 1+, with no sugar, no white cell count, and negative nitrites. Renal function test showed mildly elevated creatinine of 138.0umol/L with eGFR of 49ml/min using Cockcroft-Gault equation, sodium of 141.0 mEq/L, K 5.2mEq/L, blood urea 9.7mmol/L. Routine chest X-ray revealed heart apex in the right side and gastric air bubble seen below right hemidiaphragm. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound revealed the liver presented in left hypochondrium with normal texture. The spleen was noted in right hypochondrium with normal texture. The right kidney was normal approx 9.7cm in size, the outline was smooth and regular with maintained corticomedullary differentiation, with no hydronephrosis. The left kidney was not visualized. The urinary bladder was normal in outline, distensibility, and thickness. The uterus was anteverted with a regular outline and normal endometrial echo complex. Computed tomography scan with contrast of abdomen was done which revealed the liver was present in the left hypochondrium and the spleen was present in the right hypochondrium, inferior vena cava on left side and aorta on the right side. The left kidney and ureter were not visualized. Normal right pelvicalyceal system and excretion from the right kidney were noted. The above-mentioned patient did not have any cyanosis, cough, sinusitis, or recurrent chest or urinary tract infections. To diagnose situs inversus, thorough physical examination, chest X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging are necessary (8,9,10). These imaging modalities help to evaluate the structures of the internal organs, such as the location of cardiac apex, the site of aorta relative to midline, the location of the stomach, the liver, and gallbladder, presence and appearance of the spleens, and presence of the kidneys and vascular structures (8,9,10). Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a rare congenital malformation that must be fully evaluated when there is a suspicion because in some cases it can have deadly results. Apart from detailed medical history and physical examinations, imaging modalities should be used for reaching the diagnosis. Routine and regular follow-ups must be arranged for the patients who have this condition.

Determinants of severe bradycardia in adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa.

Severe bradycardia is an indication supporting hospitalization in adolescents with eating disorders. Some adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and significant weight loss present with a normal pulse rate at admission, whereas others have severe bradycardia, suggesting that total weight loss is not the most important determinant of bradycardia. The aims of this study were to define the prevalence of severe bradycardia as the cause for hospital admission in adolescents with AN, to evaluate correlations between known determinants of severe bradycardia and pulse rate at admission, and to evaluate the average time required to recover from severe bradycardia after re-feeding. Ninety-nine hospitalized patients with AN were enrolled. Weight loss history, anthropometric, laboratory, and electrocardiogram data were collected at admission to and at discharge from hospital. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect the most important determinants of severe bradycardia. Forty-eight percent of the AN patient admissions were due to severe bradycardia (AN-B+ group). Patients in this group had a higher maximum lifetime weight (P = 0.0045), greater premorbid weight loss (P = 0.0011), and more rapid weight loss (P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that recent weight loss is an independent predictor of bradycardia at hospital admission (R2 : 0.35, P = 0.0001). Severe bradycardia normalized after minimal weight gain of 0.25 ± 0.18 kg/day for 3-10 days. This study confirms that recent weight loss is probably the most important determinant of severe bradycardia in adolescents with AN.

“TO ASSESS AN INCIDENCE OF ABNORMAL VITAL SIGNS IN PATIENTS VISITING IN ONCOLOGY OPD AT NCI JAMTHA NAGPUR.”.

BACKGROUND – Vital signs are considered vital to the rapid assessment of the client when it is necessary to determine major changes in the client's basic physiological functioning. Baseline vital signs are taken prior to many procedures and treatments including upon admission to an acute care facility, prior to the administration of medications, prior to the administration of a blood transfusion, and prior to surgery and other invasive procedures These baseline vital signs are taken because they are vitally important for comparison to those vital signs that are taken during and after a treatment, a procedure or a signicant change in the client. OBJECTIVES - To assess the abnormal vital signs in patients visiting in oncology opd at NCI Jamtha. To associate the abnormal vitals with selected demographic variables. To compare abnormal vital signs with selected demographic variables. METHODS - A descriptive research design was used to accomplish the objectives. Sample size: - 100 patients for the tool. A pilot study was conducted on 10 samples to rene the methodology and nd the feasibility of the study. Patients vising at oncology OPD having age 18 yrs - 60 yrs and above who fullling the inclusion criteria were selected for the main study RESULTS:-The result of this study shows that There 1 patient in the age group of 18yrs to 30 yrs having abnormal pulse rate and 8 patients were having normal pulse rate. There were no patient in the age group of 31yrs to 42 yrs having abnormal pulse rate and 26 patients were having normal pulse rate. The chisquare statistic is 61.7781. The p- value is < 0.00001. the result is signicant at p<.05.

Could We Use Vital Signs and Lactate Levels Together to Predict the Prognosis in Abdominal Pain?

Objectives: Abdominal pain occupies most of the emergency department admissions. This entity leads to research various markers for the early detection of causes in patients presenting with abdominal pain. There is limited data about collaborations between lactate levels and vital signs at admission in abdominal pain.
 Materials and Methods: Patients aged 18 years and older, who had presented with abdominal pain to the Emergency Department, in total 102 patients, were included to the study. The patients’ demographics, vital signs, abdominal physical examination findings, diagnosis and outcomes of patients were recorded. The 1 ml venous blood samples were collected by blood gase injectors from the patients and lactate levels were analyzed.
 Results: Female patients’ percentile was 68,6% and mean age was 39 years old. The systolic blood pressure levels were normal in 45 patients, low in 26% patients and high in 29% patients. The seventy-six of the patients had normal pulse rate and 26 of them were tachycardic. Most common diagnosis was non-specific abdominal pain (37,25%) and the least common was ovarian torsion/intracystic hemorrhage (0,98%) and obstruction due to hernia (0,98%). There was no statistically significant relation between lactate level and pulse rate (p=0,637), systolic blood pressure (p=0,052), diastolic blood pressure (p=0,095), respiratory rate (p=0,527), body temperature (p=0,040) and oxygen saturation (p=0,905). Similarly, no significant association occurred between lactate levels and diagnosis and outcomes.
 Conclusion: Further studies including more patients groups have to be done in order to attain more reliable data about this topic.

Elderly Man With Persistent Headache

A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a persistent headache for 2 months. Vital signs showed a temperature of 36.7°C (98.06°F) and a normal pulse rate and blood pressure. The physical examination result was normal. Color Doppler ultrasonography of the neck vessels showed left internal carotid artery occlusion (Figure 1 and Video). Computed tomography (CT) showed multiple lacunar infarcts and 3-dimensional CT angiography revealed left internal carotid artery occlusion (Figure 2).

Questionnaire Based Study on Relation between Normal Pulse Rate and Skin Texture

The basic and foremost objective of the recent study was to correlate normal pulse rate and skin texture. The basic purpose was to assess the role of pulse rate in skin texture. Pulse rate also known as the number of contractions produced by heart in one minute determines heart rate. It varies from slow to fast according to body needs to intake oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Persons with age of eighteen or more have heart rate ranging between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Children with age 6 to 15 have heart rate ranging between 70 and 100 beats per minute. Skin Texture also known as skin type. There are many sorts of skin raging from dry to oily, but three skin types are of major concern; Dry, Oily and Normal. Dry skin is a sort of skin type with lowest moisture. A person with normal skin will not be facing skin problems like acne or blackheads. A person with normal skin will not be facing skin problems like acne or blackheads.

Audit to See the Effect of Nicotine Addiction on Pulse Rate

Objective of present study was to see the effect of nicotine addiction on pulse rate. Nicotine can cause cardiovascular diseases and it also affect pulse rate by increasing its speed. So it was concluded that the docents who are addicted to tea have higher pulse rate and who are not addicted to tea they have normal or slow pulse rate.

Bitter Gourd relish and Pulse Rate Relationship

The objective of present project “Bitter Gourd relish and Pulse Rate Relationship” was to investigate the normal pulse rate of subjects and relate with likeliness of bitter gourd. Subjects that took part in this project were 219 in number. Pulse rate is a means of physical examination of patient’s body and diagnosing the problem. Pulse rate is the beats (blood pumping to body) of heart in a minute. The status (regular, fast, low, strong) of pulse indicated the physical state of subject. Bitter gourd, a vegetable enrich in phytonutrient, anti-oxidants, dietary fiber and vitamin C, also disliked by subjects because of its bitterness. A protocol was followed to find a relationship for pulse rate measurement and questionnaire. Assistance of every subject helped in survey completion. Results were obtained by t-Test and relationship was observed that helped in doing conclusion. P-value was nonsignificant which meant no relation between bitter gourd and pulse rate measurement.