Normal Propyl Alcohol Research Articles

The Possibility of Destruction of Cellular NADPH in the Presence of Free Fe(II) Ion, Arsine, and Other Hazardous Species

Background: As the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the key natural electron generator of the alive cells, investigation of the possibility of inactivation or even destruction of it by hazardous chemical molecules or ions seems to be very important. Methods: Due to this, in this project, the behavior of NADPH in the presence of some chemical species containing Fe(II) ion, arsine, phosphoric acid, and some low weight alcohols have been investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Results: Comparison of the results of the potential energy surface (PES) study showed that adsorption of methanol, ethanol, normal propanol, H3PO4, arsine and Fe(II) ion by NADPH release -23.19 kcal mol-1, -23.03 kcal mol-1, -23.30 kcal mol-1, -35.04 kcal mol-1, -53.03 kcal mol-1, and -161.59 kcal mol-1 energy, respectively. Conclusion: It indicates that absorption, and even destruction of NADPH by a free Fe(II) ion is very favorable in view of thermodynamics. Somehow, such energy release could make this process irreversible. Also, the geometrical results show that during the adsorption of iron ion by the NADPH, the phosphate bridge breaks and the molecule decompose in two different parts.

HPLC Method for Separation of Cannabidiol Hemp Seed Oil with Skin Lipids and Tandem HRMS Technology for Characterization of a Chemical Marker

Cannabidiol (CBD) hemp seed oil is a commercial raw material with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits that has been formulated into body wash and skin care products. The biggest analytical challenge is how to simultaneously quantify CBD and hemp seed oil as they deposited on the skin surface. CBD is easily separated and quantified from skin surface extracts via a HPLC-mass spectrometry methodology. However, the structural skeleton of triacylglycerides (TAGs) in hemp seed oil is same as those from the skin surface sebum. The strong hydrophobicity with subtle structural difference challenges their separation. In this project, a new reverse phase HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry methodology was developed with a strong mobile phase normal propanol. The separated hemp seed oil TAGs in the chromatogram were identified and characterized using data-dependent acquisition (DDA) technology. Based on the daughter ion characterization, the separated peak with an ammonium adduct at 890.7226 [M + NH4]+ was confirmed as the parent ion of glycerol with three omega-3 fatty acid chains. This is the first time TAG structure with direct HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry technology has been elucidated without a hydrolysis reaction. The confirmed TAG structure with an ammonium adduct at 890.7226 ± 0.0020 can be used as a representative chemical marker for the hemp seed oil quantification.

Effects of different organic additives on kaempferol molecularly imprinted membrane properties

By combining the advantages of the molecular imprinting technique and the membrane separation technique, molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) were studied to separate special target molecule—kaempferol, an important active pharmaceutical ingredient. The kaempferol MIMs were prepared by the liquid–solid phase inversion method. The effects of organic additives (normal propyl alcohol, PEG-400, PEG-1000 and PVP-K30) on gelation kinetics and kaempferol MIM properties were studied. Results showed that normal propyl alcohol and PEG-400 could generate micropores and accelerate the gelation speed, so the membranes had high rejection and low water flux. Different with both of them, when PEG-1000 or PVP-K30 were used, the membranes had the great water flux, and their gelation speed were slower than the above two. Normal propyl alcohol and PEG-1000 were picked to make MIMs and tested the influence to kaempferol MIM properties. It was shown that MIM which added PEG-1000 had the maximum adsorption equilibrium compared with which added normal propyl alcohol, blank-additive MIM and non-MIM for its high water flux, it was 549.7 μg/g, but high water flux could reduce its separation factor, the separation factor of MIMs which added PEG-1000 and normal propyl alcohol were 3.90 and 4.17, respectively.

Improved ionic liquid-based mixed electrolyte by incorporating alcohols for CuInxGa1-xSe2 films deposition

BMIm-OTF (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) ionic liquid and alcohols/different volume fraction of n-propyl alcohol (normal propyl alcohol) mixed electrolytes are studied for the first time. The electrochemical behaviors of CIGS are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in ionic liquid and alcohols mixed electrolytes, respectively. The morphological properties of CIGS films are detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectra at around 175cm−1 are normalized to the dominant A1 mode. The structural properties and various phases are determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman techniques. The XRD results indicate that the CIGS phase formed by incorporating Ga into the CIS phase. The Cu1.00In0.45Ga0.1Se2.26 thin films present as a p-type semiconductor and the Ga/(Ga+In)=0.18 which electrodeposited from BMIm-OTF/n-propyl alcohol (30vol%) mixed electrolytes. The band gap of the obtained CIGS thin film is approximately 1.48eV, as measured using UV–visible absorption spectra. The carrier concentration and average Hall coefficient of the CIGS thin films are 6.366×1019cm−3 and 9.806×10−2cm3/C, respectively.

Analysis on Main Aromatic Components of Chinese Traditional Fen-flavor Sichuan Xiaoqu Liquor by GC with Direct Injection

Commercially available Sichuan Xiaoqu Liquor of Chongqing Jiangjin, Chongqing Yongchuan, Sichuan Kaijiang, Sichuan Zigong were studied in this experiment. Gas Chromatography (GC) with direct injection was used for analysis on main aromatic components i.g., fusel oil (advanced alcohol), ethyl acetate, etc. The results showed that chromatogram with the similar peaks and kinds of aromatic components in four samples. And the highest among all aromatic components in Xiaoqu Liquor samples of Chongqing Jiangjin, Chongqing Yongchuan, Sichuan Kaijiang were isoamyl alcohol. The concentrations in these saples were 99.53 mg/100 mL, 117.01 mg/100 mL, 77.21 mg/100 mL, respectively. But the highest in the liquor of Sichuan Zigong was the ethyl acetate, mass concentration was up to 208.08 mg/100 mL. Isoamyl alcohol and normal propyl alcohol had close quantity relative ratio relationships in four samples, the ratio respectively were 1.0, 1.2, 1.1, 1.5, isoamyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol ratio were 2.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.4, respectively. Special ratio relationships among fusel oil can be used as a sign of Sichuan Xiaoqu Liquor. The main aromatic components of recovery test results was 82.09-116.53%, Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was 1.23-6.88%. The method had fine accuracy and precision and suitable for quantitative analysis of aromatic constituents of Sichuan Xiaoqu Liquor.

Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids and Vitamin B of Sieved and Unsieved Wheat Grain by MEKC

An MEKC method has been used to separate m-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid, along with Vitamins B1 and B6 from uncoated fused silica capillary of 60.2 cm total length, 50 cm effective length, and 75 µm id. Optimum separation was achieved with BGE comprised of sodium tetraborate buffer (50 mmolL−1), pH 9.0, Sodium dodecylesulfate (SDS) (10 mmolL−1), and normal propanol (4% v/v), the optimum ratio was 70:20:10 (Borate:SDS:Propanol) with applied voltage of 20 kV at a wavelength of 225 nm. Linear calibration range and limit of detection (LOD) observed for the analytes were in the range 0.1–100 mgL−1 and 0.032–0.068 mgL−1, respectively. Calculated recoveries of analytes by standard addition were in the range 96–102% with RSD of 0.98–1.43%. Phenolic acids: ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and syringic acid were identified along with m-coumaric acid which is being reported for the first time from wheat varieties. The amount of phenolic acids in unsieved wheat grain were found to be higher than sieved wheat grains. Acid hydrolysis was found to release vitamin B along with phenolic acids, whereas methnol/water extraction system released phenolic acids only.

Synthesis of SnO2 nanopowders by a sol-gel process using propanol-isopropanol mixture

Abstract A simple sol-gel process is proposed for synthesizing SnO2 nanopowders utilizing normal propanol and isopropanol mixture instead of just using normal alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol for Sol preparation. No surfactant was used in this Sol preparation process. The structure of sol is studied by FT-IR-ATR technique. On altering propanol to isopropanol ratio, three different nanopowders were obtained. X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) and BET techniques were used to characterize prepared powders. Results show that smaller grain size was obtained via altering alcohols ratio. In addition, Merck commercial SnO2 powder was also used as a reference material for comparing purposes; because it has nanometer scale (ca. 60 nm). HRTEM images show that obtained nanopowders were polycrystalline and their average diameters fall into the range of 6–80 nm. Finally, the effect of alkoxide ligand size through sol-gel synthesis on product particle size is discussed.

Particle size control of a monodisperse spherical Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor and its photoluminescence properties

A monodisperse spherical Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The mean size of the phosphor particles (MSPP) was successfully controlled by changing the volume ratio of normal alcohol (RA) (propanol) in the solvents mixed between deionized water and normal propanol. When the RA was increased from 0 to 0.7, the MSPP decreased while maintaining a high yield of >95%. Although the prepared phosphor samples were fired at the same temperature, the thermal energy was delivered more efficiently into the inner side of the phosphor particles with the decrease of the MSPP. Therefore, the crystallinity and also the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the phosphor increased with the decrease in the MSPP. In addition, because the numbers of Eu3+ ions located near the particle surfaces increased with the decrease of particle size, the ratio of PL intensity caused by the 5D0–7F2 transition to that caused by 5D0–7F1 transition increased from 10.8 to 12.7 with the decrease in MSPP.

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and chemicalspecies concentrations with a holographic interferometer and infrared absorption

What is believed to be a new technique that allows for the simultaneous measurement of 2D temperature and chemical species concentration profiles with high spatial resolution and fast time response was developed and tested successfully by measuring a thin layer of fuel vapor created over a volatile fuel surface. Normal propanol was placed in an open-top rectangular container, and n-propanol fuel vapor was formed over the propanol surface in a quiescent laboratory environment. An IR beam with a wavelength of 8-13 mum emitted from a heated plate and a He-Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 632 nm were combined and passed through the n-propanol vapor layer, and both beams were absorbed by the vapor layer. The absorption of the IR beam was recorded by an IR camera, and the He-Ne laser was used to form a holographic interferogram. Two-dimensional temperature and propanol vapor concentration profiles were, respectively, determined by the IR absorption and the fringe pattern associated with the holographic interferogram. This new measurement technique is a significant improvement over the dual wavelength holographic interferometry that has been used previously to measure temperature and fuel concentration, and it is ready for application under different types of fire and flame conditions.

The effect of a cold temperature valley on pulsating flame spread over propanol

The transient three-dimensional structures of velocity and temperature created by a pulsating flame spread over normal propanol were constructed from five independent transient measurements using five different techniques: laser sheet particle tracking (LSPT): smoke tracing (ST); dual wavelength holographic interferometry (DWHI): infrared thermography (IR): and high-speed photography (HSP). These measurements showed that the pulsating flame spread consists of five distinctly different steps. The first step is the onset of pulsation created by the stagnation of flame spread over the liquid, which is followed by the second step, formation of a cold liquid valley near the flame's leading edge, and the third step, accumulation of liquid fuel vapor over the liquid surface. In the fourth step, the flame jumps through the formed premixed gas layer, leading to the final step, the cessation of spread. After the fifth step, the process returns to the first step, completing the entire pulsation cycle. Our experimental data confirm the formation of a small gas-phase circulation cell, as predicted by the University of California, Irvine, numerical model, and support the idea that the pulsating spread is triggered by the subsurface liquid convection that affects the gas-phase flow and the fuel vapor concentration. The second result is unique and suggests that a cold temperature valley formed on the liquid surface would play an important role in the mechanism of pulsating spread.

Surface properties of diluted aqueous solutions of normal propyl alcohol

Surface tension σ of aqueous solutions of n-propyl alcohol was measured in the temperature range between 278 and 303 K using Wilhelmy plate method. The surface entropies and enthalpies are calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of specific interactions of the hydrophobic parts of the molecules adsorbed at the interface and possible interaction of these molecules with the bulk. The results are compared to those obtained previously for water+tert-butanol solutions.

BOILING OF MIXTURES IN A NARROW SPACE

Abstract Nucleate pool boiling of binary mixtures composed of water and normal propyl alcohol (NPA) within a narrow space between heated and unheated horizontal-parallel surface has been investigated under atmospheric pressure. The electrically heated lower surface is made of a sheet of stainless steel 304 with the dimension of 145 x 22 x 0.05 mm and the unheated upper plate is a stainlesssieel cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm. The periphery of the confined space is open and the size of the gap can be varied from 0 to 10 mm. Experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient of nucleate pool boiling of binary mixture in a narrow space is much greater than that of conventional nucleate pool boiling. It is due to the evaporation of a thin liquid film under the deformed bubble. Experimental results also show that mass diffusion effect is important in both nucleate pool boiling in a narrow space and in conventional nucleate pool boiling. Based on the experimental results, the microlayer evaporation...

Flow Characteristics of SiOF Films in Room Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Utilizing Fluoro‐Trialkoxy‐Silane Group and Pure Water as Gas Sources

The flow characteristics of films formed by room temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for interlayer dielectrics of multilevel interconnections have been studied. The room temperature CVD technique utilizes fluoro‐tri‐alkoxy‐silane group (FTAS, , R: alkyl group) and pure water as gas sources. It has been revealed that the films deposited using fluoro‐tri‐normalpropoxy‐silane (FTNPS, ) have better flow surface profiles on Al wirings than others such as fluoro‐trimethoxy‐silane (FTMS), fluoro‐triethoxy‐silane (FTES), and fluoro‐tri‐isopropoxy‐silane (FTIPS). From the speculated films deposition mechanism, it is considered that the flow surface profiles are due to the fluorosilanol oligomers flow. It is also speculated that the fluorosilanol oligomers flow occurs when the surface migration velocity of the oligomers with reaction by‐products is larger than the polymerization velocity at the trenches between aluminum (Al) wirings. The reasons why the films deposited using FTNPS have better flow surface profiles are considered that normalpropyl alcohol, reaction by‐product, has lower vapor pressure (20 Torr) than other reaction by‐products such as methyl alcohol (125 Torr), ethyl alcohol (58 Torr), and isopropyl alcohol (44 Torr) at the deposition temperature (25°C), and that the polymerization velocity is smaller than those using FTMS, FTES, and FTIPS. The deposition rate, corresponding to the polymerization velocity, for the films deposited using FTNPS is about 16 nm/min, and is smaller than those using FTMS, FTES, and FTIPS. Similar flow surface profiles are obtained by adding normalpropyl alcohol to FTES during the films deposition. Although the deposition rate and etching rate for the films depend on the carbon number in the alkyl group of FTAS, the nature and quality of the Si‐O bonds in FTIR spectra, refractive index do not depend on the carbon number.

Mutants producing high concentrations of the flavor components active amylalcohol and normal propanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutants resistant to the isoleucine analogue dl-thiaisoleucine (TIL) which produced large amounts of the flavor components active amylalcohol and normal propanol were isolated from sake, and baker's and laboratory yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutants had threonine deaminase (EC 4.2.1.16) with decreased feedback sensitivity to l-isoleucine and accumulated a high concentration of isoleucine as well as these higher alcohols. Genetic analysis using a laboratory strain revealed that the mutation for increased production of active amylalcohol and normal propanol was controlled by a single dominant gene, and evidence was found for linkage between TIL-resistance and the increased production ability of these higher alcohols. Sake and bread made with the mutants contained more of these components and had enhanced flavor.

Flow characteristics of condensate on a vertical column of horizontal low finned tubes.

Experiments were performed to study the flow characteristics of condensate on a simulated bank of horizontal low finned tubes. Two or three tubes arranged in a vertical column were set in a stationary vapor. The top tube had a longitudinal slit at the upper end through which the test liquid was fed uniformly on the tube surface. Cooling water was passed through the lower tubes. The test fluids used were R-113, methanol and normal propanol. Four major flow modes: droplet, column, column-sheet and sheet, were observed as the liquid flow rate was increased. Experimental data on the number of instantaneous falling sites, the proportion of surface area covered with the falling liquid and the flooding angle below which the inter-fin sp. ace was flooded with condensate were obtained for a range of liquid flow rates. Theoretical considerations were given to the effect of liquid flow rate on the flow mode transition and on the measured quantities.

Thermodynamic properties of normal propyl alcohol at atmospheric pressure

Data from the literature on density, speed of sound, and isobaric specific heat are analyzed and approximated. Isochoric specific heat and adiabatic and isothermal compression coefficients are calculated for normal propyl alcohol at atmospheric pressure for the temperature range 146.95–370.35°K.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster: Aspects of Alcohol and Temperature Variation in the Larval Environment

Some natural habitats of D. melanogaster larvae were examined for short-chain alcohols by gas-liquid chromatography. All habitats contained a mixture of such alcohols, although ethanol predominated and was found at concentrations ranging from 0�02 to 4�0% (v/v). Normal propanol, propan-2-01, n-butanol and methanol were nearly always present. Larval-to-adult survival was determined at three temperatures on laboratory media supplemented with alcohol mixtures similar to those found in nature, and using strains which differed in alcohol dehydrogenase genotype.

Radiofrequency Conductivity and Its Relationship with Viscosity in Case of Polar Dielectrics

The radiofrequency conductivity in case of nitrobenzene, normal propyl alcohol and acetone have been measured over a wide range of temperature for frequencies ranging from 400 kHZ to 6 MHz. It has been found that the r.f. conductivity increases with the rise of temperature at first slowly and then rapidly. If the values of r.f. conductivity be plotted against the inverse of coefficient of viscosity of the liquid at different temperatures the relationship is linear with different intercepts and slopes for different frequencies. Assuming the presence of free ions which contributes to conduction current and the existence of usual displacement current, a mathematical expression has been deduced for the r.f. conductivity which can satisfactorily explain the observed experimental results. From the slope of the curves, the number of free ions per unit volume has also been calculated.

Solubilization of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus proteinic crystal : II. Ultrastructure

Various solvents (guanidine hydrochloride, normal propanol, urea, and sodium carbonate), previously demonstrated to solubilize Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus capsules, produced alterations which were characteristic for a given solvent. All solvents, with the exception of guanidine hydrochloride (G·HCl) caused longitudinal fragmentation of the proteinic crystal early in the solubilization process. G·HCl, in contrast, appeared to be capable of penetrating and producing small cavities within the crystal. Intact free virions were obtained only from carbonate-solubilized capsules. Capsules seemed to dissolve in carbonate by a sequential process. Evidence consistent with the occurrence of normally distributed differences in carbonate solubility among capsules is presented. The pattern of carbonate solubilization of the proteinic crystal and release of free virions most closely resembled the process in vivo as observed within the midgut lumen of larval Trichoplusia ni.

Microwave spectrum of normal propyl alcohol

The normal propyl alcohol molecule has been confirmed by microwave spectroscopy to exist in two rotational isomers - trans and gauche. The rotational constants, the dipole moment and its components along the principal axes, and the barrier hindering methyl rotation have been determined for the trans and the gauche forms.