Normal Frequency Range Research Articles

Noise analysis of the observatory superconducting gravimeter in the normal mode frequency range using gravity data of Ghuttu, Garhwal Himalaya, India

We present a study on gravity data from the Observatory Superconducting Gravimeter (OSG-051) located at MPGO Ghuttu in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Ambient noise observed at this site is compared with other worldwide SGs and computed seismic noise magnitude for the OSG-051. Instrumental noise has been observed at frequencies ranging from ∼0.0239 to ∼0.03207 Hz in the form of parasitic mode for the lower and upper sensors of SG, whose quality factor has been estimated in different modes of oscillations. The signal is enhanced at noise reduction below 2.0 mHz using local barometric pressure data and modelled tidal effect of the site. Other seismic noise factors are discussed through data analysis of OSG-051. OSG-051 and trillium 240 Broad Band Seismometer data are analysed and compared in the seismic normal mode frequency band. Several observations have been made regarding noise sources that affect the gravity data in the seismic normal mode’s frequency band. Residual gravity data after removal of atmospheric pressure, tidal, and co-seismic effects, respond very well to long-period seismometers than any conventional seismometer. This characteristic and low noise level of the MPGO Ghuttu site makes it a suitable station for long-period seismometer studies.

Scalable and eco-friendly flexible loudspeakers for distributed human-machine interactions

Flexible loudspeakers that can be easily distributed in the surrounding environment are essential for creating immersive experiences in human-machine interactions, as these devices can transmit acoustic information conveniently. In this paper, we present a flexible electret loudspeaker that offers numerous benefits, such as eco-friendly, easy fabrication, flexible customization, strong durability, and excellent outputs. The output sound pressure level (SPL) and frequency response characteristic are optimized according to the simulation and experiment results. At a distance of 50 meters, a large-size loudspeaker (50 × 40 cm2) can produce an average SPL of 60 dB (normal SPL range of human voices is between 40 to 70 dB). The frequency response of our loudspeaker is high and relatively consistent up to 15 kHz, which covers the normal frequency range of human voices (<8 kHz). As demonstrated in this work, our loudspeakers can be used for scalable applications, such as being integrated with curtains or hung up like posters, offering a promising and practical solution for creating better human-machine interaction experiences.

Coexisting Behavior and Status Transition of the Hodgkin-Huxley Cardiac Purkinje Fiber Model Under External AC Injection

The membrane current I_m of the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) cardiac Purkinje fiber (CPF) model is usually calculated as direct current (DC). In this paper, a conventional alternating current (AC) is used, namely I_{AC} = textrm{Asin}(2 pi ft), as the impressed injection. Dynamic characters of the model with different AC parameters and various initial conditions are observed through phase plane orbits, waveforms, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent spectra, which reveal multiple coexisting membrane action potential patterns, corresponding to the coexisting attractors of the same or different periods in the phase diagram. Meanwhile, the model undergoes period, quasi-period and local forward or inverse period-doubling bifurcations with changes in amplitude A or frequency f, which further proves the complex nonlinear property of the AC-injected model. In addition, by changing the external current I_m, the sodium-ion and potassium-ion equilibrium potentials, i.e. E_{Na} and E_{K}, respectively, the regularity of the CPF heartbeat frequency is observed. The state transformations of CPF are found between normal, abnormal and sudden cardiac arrest, and the method adjusting from the dangerous state to the normal heartbeat frequency range is investigated. This study may provide a reference for exploring the evolution of nonlinear dynamics in HH CPF model and protecting the health of life and heart.

Behavioral assessment of Tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) exposed to different ambient colors and social stress

Animal welfare regards the quality of life and the environment in which animals live or are exposed. Hence the importance of studies assessing the environmental influence on the biology and behavior of fishes from the Colossoma macropomum species, considering their higher potential for fish-farming and as a test organism in scientific research. This study aimed to assess, in a controlled environment, the behavioral changes expressed by juveniles from the Colossoma macropomum species exposed to different ambient colors or social situations. The results did not show an influence from the different ambient colors or social situations on fish distribution in the water column. The color pattern showed dark tones in black- and blue-colored environments, and light tones in white-colored environments or with the presence of a mirror. The time of locomotor activity/frequency did not change in any of the treatments of exposure to environments with colors and a mirror. Moreover, the fishes remained with folded fins and a straight posture, maintaining a pattern of rhythmic operculum beating in a normal frequency range described for the species. This suggests that animal welfare did not change in any of the situations tested and that there was a pattern of adaptive response to the type of environment.

Quantifying the Effect of Body Habitus on Cardiac Auscultation Via Computational Hemoacoustics.

The effect of body habitus on auscultation of heart murmurs is investigated via computational hemoacoustic modeling. The source of the heart murmur is first obtained from a hemodynamic simulation of blood flow through a stenosed aortic valve. This sound source is then placed at the aortic valve location in four distinct human thorax models, and the propagation of the murmur in each thorax model is simulated by solving the elastic wave equations in the time-domain. Placing the same sound source in different thorax models allows for the disambiguation of the effect of body habitus on cardiac auscultation. The surface acceleration resulting from the murmur on each subject's chest surface shows that subjects with higher body-mass index and thoracic cross-sectional area yield smaller acceleration values for the S1 sound. Moreover, the spectral analysis of the signal shows that slope from linear regression in the normal heart sound frequency range (10-150 Hz) is larger for children at the aortic, pulmonic, and mitral auscultation points compared to that for adults. The slope in the murmur frequency range (150-400 Hz) was larger for female subjects at the mitral point compared to that for male subjects. The trends from the results show the potential of the proposed computational method to provide quantitative insights regarding the effect of various anatomical factors on cardiac auscultation.

Analysis of Diagnostic Value of Electrogastrography for Parkinson's Disease and its Predictive Value for the Disease Progression.

The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of indexes detected by electrogastrography in Parkinson's disease patients. One hundred twenty early Parkinson's disease patients and 120 healthy controls were recruited, and underwent electrogastrography to detect dominant frequency (DF), instability coefficient of DF (ICDF), low frequency range (LFR), high frequency range (HFR), and normal frequency range (NFR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for the diagnostic value analysis. The motor function was scored with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Sniffin' Sticks test was used for the olfactory evaluation, and the TDI score consisting of odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D) and odor identification (I) tests was calculated. The preprandial ICDF of Parkinson's disease patients was significantly higher than that of the control group, and decreased slowly during the late postprandial phase. The levels of LFR%, HFR% and NFR% in Parkinson's disease patients were higher than the control group during both the preprandial and late postprandial phase, and the changes of each index before and after meals were not obvious. Preprandial ICDF value and TDI score had the ability to distinguish Parkinson's disease patients with the AUC of 0.874 and 0.859 respectively. The ICDF detected by electrogastrography has high clinical value in the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, and the combination of ICDF and TDI can improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a single indicator. High ICDF levels during the preprandial phase are related to the poor prognosis of Parkinson's disease patients after treatment.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using Speech Signals with High Frequency Components

In this study, the Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) detection using speech signals during awake is considered. Traditional speech based OSA detection methods adopt traditional features (Formants, MFCC, etc.) on normal speech frequency range (&lt;6kHz). However, it ignores the signal components outside this range that usually appear in pathological voices. In this paper, higher order traditional speech features (with more high frequency components) are adopted for detection. To better characterize OSA patients’ speech, a high frequency feature set is proposed. It consists of the traditional speech features with optimized parameters and a new proposed feature: High frequency energy. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based Sequence Forward Feature Selection (PCASFFS) are adopted as feature selection. In the simulation using 66 OSA patients’ speech signals, it achieves an accuracy of 84.85% for multi-class (4 levels) detection with the proposed high frequency feature set using quadratic discriminant analysis classifier (QDA).

Superviscous properties of the in vivo brain at large scales

There is growing awareness that brain mechanical properties are important for neural development and health. However, published values of brain stiffness differ by orders of magnitude between static measurements and in vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), which covers a dynamic range over several frequency decades. We here show that there is no fundamental disparity between static mechanical tests and in vivo MRE when considering large-scale properties, which encompass the entire brain including fluid filled compartments. Using gradient echo real-time MRE, we investigated the viscoelastic dispersion of the human brain in, so far, unexplored dynamic ranges from intrinsic brain pulsations at 1 Hz to ultralow-frequency vibrations at 5, 6.25, 7.8 and 10 Hz to the normal frequency range of MRE of 40 Hz. Surprisingly, we observed variations in brain stiffness over more than two orders of magnitude, suggesting that the in vivo human brain is superviscous on large scales with very low shear modulus of 42±13 Pa and relatively high viscosity of 6.6±0.3 Pa∙s according to the two-parameter solid model. Our data shed light on the crucial role of fluid compartments including blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for whole brain properties and provide, for the first time, an explanation for the variability of the mechanical brain responses to manual palpation, local indentation, and high-dynamic tissue stimulation as used in elastography.

Analysis of the correlation between infrared thermal sequence images of nostril area and respiratory rate

In this study, a thermal imaging instrument was used to obtain facial thermal image information which was then used to calculate the number of breaths taken. However, small movements were inevitable and the first issue addressed was the means by which image calibration and region selection was to be made. To this end, thermal image sequence data calibration was done using technology that resolved small natural deviations in the nostril area. After these problems had been solved, a Hampel filter was used to process the nostril area signals. The independent component method was used to filter the effects of non-respiratory signals, and the least squares method was employed for smoothing. Savitzky-Golay filtering was used to adjust the signal baseline and the processed nostril region thermal image signals were compared with standard abdominal breathing band signals. Results showed that the difference in the number of breaths per minute was less than 1.5 times. The usual normal respiratory frequency range lies within a range of 0.1–0.5Hz. In the calculation of ‘coherence obtained from MVAR model’, the spectral coherence analysis results showed the methods proposed in this study can substantially enhance the relevance between 0.15 and 0.2Hz.

Hearts are Poised Near the Edge of Chaos

The Cardiac Purkinje Fiber (CPF) is the last branch of the heart conduction system, which is meshed with the normal ventricular myocyte. Purkinje fiber plays a key role in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and maintenance. Does the heart Purkinje fiber cells have the same memory function as the cerebral nerve? In this paper, the cardiac Hodgkin–Huxley equation is taken as the object of study. In particular, we find that the potassium ion-channel [Formula: see text] and the sodium ion-channel [Formula: see text] are memristors. We also derive the small-signal equivalent circuits about the equilibrium points of the CPF Hodgkin–Huxley model. According to the principle of local activity, the regions of Locally-Active domain, Edge of Chaos domain and Locally-Passive domain are partitioned under parameters [Formula: see text], and the domain exhibiting the normal human heartbeat frequency range (Goldilocks Zone) is identified. Meanwhile, the Super-Critical Hopf bifurcation of the CPF Hodgkin–Huxley model is identified. Finally, the migration changes between different state domains under external current [Formula: see text] excitation are analyzed in detail. All of the above complex nonlinear dynamics are distilled and mapped geometrically into a surreal union of intersecting two-dimensional manifolds, dubbed the Hodgkin–Huxley’s magic roof.

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Alters Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Healthy Subjects.

Objectives: It is unclear whether osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) affects gastric myoelectric activity (GMA), an index of gastric motility. We hypothesized that OMT significantly alters power spectral density (PSD) analyses of electrogastrography (EGG) recordings, an index of GMA, compared with time control OMT. Design: GMA data were obtained from nine subjects before and after OMT and time control on separate days in a cross-over design. Fifteen-minute EGG recordings were obtained before and after each intervention and after a water challenge (WC). Percent power in the normogastric range (PPN) was estimated from PSD analyses. Absolute percent change of PPN and dominant frequency (DF) from baseline to postintervention and baseline to post-WC was computed and compared using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: OMT altered PPN versus time control (time control: 5.3% ± 1.2%; OMT: 24.5% ± 4.5%; p = 0.015). WC altered PPN compared with time control (post-time control ΔPPN: 5.3% ± 1.2%; post-drink ΔPPN: 30.3% ± 7.2%; p < 0.01). However, WC did not alter PPN with prior OMT treatment (post-OMT ΔPPN: 24.5% ± 4.5%; post-WC ΔPPN: 19.4% ± 5.6%; p = 0.47). Nevertheless, OMT reduced the rate of change for DF compared with time control (WC post-time control: 37.9% ± 7.4%; WC post-OMT: 20.0% ± 5.9%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: We conclude that (1) OMT significantly alters GMA compared with time control and that (2) OMT reduces the rate of change in the frequency response to WC within the normal frequency range of 2-4 cycles per minute, indicating a physiological effect.

Molecular structure, the effect of solvent on UV–vis and NMR, FT–IR and FT–Raman spectra, NBO, frontier molecular orbital analysis of Mitomycin anticancer drug

In this study, the structural and spectral properties of anticancer drug ((1aR, 8R, 8as, 8bR)-6-amino-8a-methoxy-5-methyl-4,7-dioxo-1,1a,2,4,7,8,8a,8b-octahydroazirino[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo [1,2-a]indol-8-yl)methylcarbamate that is known as the brand of Mitomycin was analyzed by computational methods of Moller–Plesset (MP2) with the LanL2DZ and LanL2MB basis sets. First, the structure of desired material was drawn using Chembio Draw Ultra software and was optimized using Gaussian 09 software. The bond length (Ȧ) and bond angle (°) were measured by computational methods. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was calculated in the presence of polar and nonpolar solvents to determine the chemical shifts of 13C NMR and 1H NMR. Also these values were calculated using Chembio Draw Ultra software and were compared with measured values by Gaussian 09 software. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and UV–vis spectrum calculated by CIS–MP2/LanL2MB were used to determine the type of transfers between the electron levels and energy gap for these electron levels was determined by electron transfers of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT–IR) and Fourier Transform Raman (FT–Raman) were used to identify functional groups and the type of normal vibrational mode and frequency range of bonds.

ЗМІНИ АКТИВНОСТІ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗКУ В ГАММА-ДІАПАЗОНІ ПІД ЧАС ПРОСЛУХОВУВАННЯ РОК-МУЗИКИ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНИМ РІВНЕМ НИЗЬКИХ ЧАСТОТ

Among musicians, it is well known that depending on signals level of certain frequencies music can elicit different emotions and affect on its strength. Aim: In this study we investigate influence of low-frequency component in rock-music on emotional experience. Methods: 30 volunteers participated in this study. Four stimuli were presented: white noise, song of birds, instrumental rock-composition and rock-composition with reduced low-frequency level. EEGs were recorded during listening to the sounds and music. Results: During listening to the sounds and music the most significant EEG changes were observed mainly in beta and gamma-bands, which related to emotional and cognitive processes. There was general activation in gamma-band during listening to the rock-composition with normal frequency range, as well as during white noise session. Whereas there was increase of SP in gamma-band only in left posterior areas and in right frontal area during listening to the rock-composition with reduced low-frequency signal level. Conclusions: Lesser activation in gamma-band during listening to the second rockcomposition related to the lower level of emotional activation.

Vibration Control of a Time-Varying Modal-Parameter Footbridge: Study of Semi-Active Implementable Strategies

This paper explores different vibration control strategies for the cancellation of human-induced vibration on a structure with time-varying modal parameters. The main motivation of this study is a lively urban stress-ribbon footbridge (Pedro Gomez Bosque, Valladolid, Spain) that, after a whole-year monitoring, several natural frequencies within the band of interest (normal paring frequency range) have been tracked. The most perceptible vibration mode of the structure at approximately 1.8 Hz changes up to 20%. In order to find a solution for this real case, this paper takes the annual modal parameter estimates (approx. 14000 estimations) of this mode and designs three control strategies: a) a tuned mass damper (TMD) tuned to the most-repeated modal properties of the aforementioned mode, b) two semi-active TMD strategies, one with an on-off control law for the TMD damping, and other with frequency and damping tuned by updating the damper force. All strategies have been carefully compared considering two structure models: a) only the aforementioned mode and b) all the other tracked modes. The results have been compared considering human-induced vibrations and have helped the authors on making a decision of the most advisable strategy to be practically implemented.

Effect of Chlorides on Conductivity and Dielectric Constant in Hardened Cement Mortar: NDT for Durability Evaluation

Dielectric constant and conductivity, the so-called EM properties (electromagnetic), are widely adopted for NDT (Nondestructive Technique) in order to detect damage or evaluate performance of concrete without damage to existing RC (reinforced concrete). Among deteriorating agents, chloride ion is considered as one of the most critical threats due to rapid penetration and direct effect on steel corrosion. In the work, cement mortar samples with 3 w/c (water-to-cement) ratios and 4 levels of chloride addition are considered. Conductivity and dielectric constant are measured in the normal frequency range. They increase with strength of mortar and more chloride ions due to denser pore formation. Furthermore, the behaviors of measured EM property are investigated with carbonation velocity and strength, which shows an attempt of application to durability evaluation through EM measurement.

Structural dynamics modification for derrick of deep well drilling rig based on experimental modal test and frequency sensitivity analysis

A statically designed derrick of deep oil well drilling rig may have poor dynamic characteristics, which can cause earlier structure failure of the drilling rig and harsh working condition. One such designed derrick is found to vibrate severely in operation while the rotation speed of rotary table is about 120 r/min with the working frequency of 2.0 Hz. To solve this problem, an experimental modal test of the derrick is conducted and the modal frequencies and vibration shapes are obtained. Through comparison of modal frequencies with that of exciting devices, it is found that the severe vibration of the drilling rig is caused by the resonance of second modal frequency (1.96 Hz) and the working frequency of rotary table. Based on principles of sensitivity analysis and structural dynamics modification method, the frequency sensitivities of all nodes on the derrick are calculated and compared, and then seven nodes with high-frequency sensitivity are selected on which corresponding mass are added to vary the modal frequency. Result shows that the second modal frequency of the derrick is reduced to 1.42 Hz and is out of the normal working frequency range of rotary table, which demonstrates that the dynamic characteristics of the derrick is improved and severe vibration can be avoided.

Spectral and temporal analysis of simulated dead regions in cochlear implants.

A cochlear implant (CI) electrode in a "cochlear dead region" will excite neighboring neural populations. In previous research that simulated such dead regions, stimulus information in the simulated dead region was either added to the immediately adjacent frequency regions or dropped entirely. There was little difference in speech perception ability between the two conditions. This may imply that there may be little benefit of ensuring that stimulus information on an electrode in a suspected cochlear dead region is transmitted. Alternatively, performance may be enhanced by a broader frequency redistribution, rather than adding stimuli from the dead region to the edges. In the current experiments, cochlear dead regions were introduced by excluding selected CI electrodes or vocoder noise-bands. Participants were assessed for speech understanding as well as spectral and temporal sensitivities as a function of the size of simulated dead regions. In one set of tests, the normal input frequency range of the sound processor was distributed among the active electrodes in bands with approximately logarithmic spacing ("redistributed" maps); in the remaining tests, information in simulated dead regions was dropped ("dropped" maps). Word recognition and Schroeder-phase discrimination performance, which require both spectral and temporal sensitivities, decreased as the size of simulated dead regions increased, but the redistributed and dropped remappings showed similar performance in these two tasks. Psychoacoustic experiments showed that the near match in word scores may reflect a tradeoff between spectral and temporal sensitivity: spectral-ripple discrimination was substantially degraded in the redistributed condition relative to the dropped condition while performance in a temporal modulation detection task degraded in the dropped condition but remained constant in the redistributed condition.

Spontaneous control of HIV replication, but not HAART-induced viral suppression, is associated with lower activation of immune cells.

HIV replication control is important to reduce AIDS progression. We determined frequency and activation status of immune cells in spontaneous HIV controllers vs. individuals with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-controlled viral load. HIV controllers exhibited significantly higher frequency of CD4 T cells and myeloid dendritic cells compared with HAART-controlled viral load. Additionally, HIV controllers have a significantly lower percentage of cells expressing activation markers on CD4 and CD8 T cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. These findings suggest that during HIV infection, conservation of a normal frequency and physiological range of immune activation is associated with spontaneous, but not HAART-induced, control of viral replication.

낮은 칼슘 수치에서 심혈관질환의 잠재 위험도 평가

심혈관 질환의 위험도를 조기에 발견해 예방하기 위한 다양한 시도들이 이루어지고 있는 데 질환자를 대상으로 한 많은 연구를 통해 관상동맥 석회화의 판정기준이 마련되었으나 수치가 100 이상이 되어야 진행의 흐름을 예상할 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 자각증상이 없는 일반인을 대상으로 칼슘 수치와 체성분 분석, 혈중지질 수치의 상관관계를 수치화하여 기존 연구와 비교분석하여 칼슘 수치가 낮을 때에도 잠재적인 심혈관 질환의 위험성을 나타낼 수 있을지에 대한 평가를 해 보았다. 연구 결과 체성분 분석에서 칼슘수치가 0-10일 때 와 칼슘수치가 11-100일 때 유의한 상관관계가 있는 BMI와 WHR을 살펴보면 정상범위의 빈도수가 많아 평균값이 정상범위에 머물렀으나 21%의 상대적인 위험률이 도출되었으며 지질검사에서도 유의한 상관관계가 있는 HDL과 TG를 살펴보면 정상범위의 빈도수가 많아 평균값이 정상범위에 머물렀으나 21-40%의 상대적인 위험률이 도출되었다. 또한 상관관계가 없는 BFM과 BMR에서는 표준이상에서 빈도수가 높아 평균값도 높게 나타났으며 상대적 위험도가 31-93%로 도출되었으며 지질검사에서 상관관계가 없는 TC가 200 mg/dl이상으로 죽상동맥경화증의 발생이 급격히 증가하여 LDL값이 높게 나타났으며 죽상경화증의 발생을 억제하기 위해 이미 생긴 죽종에서 콜레스테롤을 제거하는 작용을 하는 HDL의 값도 동시에 증가한 것으로 보인다. 이 때의 상대적 위험률은 43-50%로 도출되었다. 즉 칼슘 수치가 낮을 때에도 심혈관 질환의 발생률이 내재되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Prepared her for the early detection of the risk of cardiovascular disease prevention for the various attempts being made ill through a lot of research to the criteria of coronary artery calcification, but the figure is more than 100 the progress of the flow can be expected to be was. In this study, we quantify the correlation between body composition analysis, blood lipid levels of calcium and public asymptomatic even at low calcium levels in comparison with the existing studies by analyzing potential risk of cardiovascular disease will be represented on the were evaluated. Studies, the calcium scores in the body composition analysis "1-10", and when "11-100" when there was a significant correlation in BMI and WHR look more normal frequency range of the mean values in the normal range meomulreoteuna 21% relative HDL and TG in lipid profiles, no significant correlation look more normal frequency range of risk were derived from the mean values in the normal range, 21% to 40% of the relative risk were derived. meomulreoteuna. In addition, there is no correlation between BFM and BMR Also, average increases in the frequency of a higher standard was higher relative risk derived 31 to 93%, and geological correlation test TC above 20mg/dl atherosclerotic sclerosis seems to be the value of HDL to act to remove cholesterol from atheroma already looking at the same time to suppress the occurrence of atherosclerosis, increased LDL showed higher values occurs rapidly increasing. At this time, the relative risk of 43-50% have been identified. In other words, even when calcium levels are low, that is inherent in the incidence of cardiovascular disease was unknown.

Administration of PTH and ibandronate increases ovariectomized rat compact bone viscoelasticity

In this study, the bone mineral density (BMD), geometry, macroscopic viscoelastic properties and mechanical strength in five different groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (sham operated, ovariectomized with vehicle, parathyroid hormone and/or ibandronate administration) were examined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and three-point bending test. At the end of the study, storage modulus (E′), loss tangent (tanδ), ultimate force (Fu) and stiffness (S) had greatly decreased in vehicle-treated ovariectomized group as compared to sham group (p<0.05). The concurrent administration of parathyroid hormone and ibandronate group exhibited the largest cortical area (Ct.Ar) and thickness (Ct.Th), E′, tanδ (0.3Hz) and subsequently highest Fu as compared to the mono-therapy groups (p<0.05). However, significant changes were not observed in the BMD values of different groups (p>0.05). The relationships between these potential predictors of bone strength (E′, tanδ, BMD and Ct.Ar) and bone mechanical strength parameters (Fu, S and ultimate stress σu) were also examined. Interestingly, during normal daily activity frequency range (0.9–6Hz), tanδ and Fu were positively correlated. Taken together, these data suggest that DMA can serve as an effective tool to assess bone strength which would be ignored under the normal clinical screenings due to an unchanged BMD. DMA can therefore be used as a better tool to assess the osteoporotic drug efficacy.