Normal Drainage Research Articles

Can Microcavitated Slippery Surfaces Outperform Micropillared and Untextured?

Surface features' morphology is crucial in designing lubricant-infused slippery surfaces (LIS). Microcavities were hypothesized to provide lower physical pinning, reduced droplet normal adhesion, and superior lubricant retention as compared to micropillars and untextured surfaces. Micropillars and microcavities (h = 10 ± 3 μm, d = 8 ± 1 μm, p = 17 ± 3 μm, rw = 1.4 ± 0.2) were replicated on polydimethylsiloxane from Lotus leaf and were coated with 1000 cSt silicone oil films (530 nm-27 μm thick). Water wetting, water-oil thermodynamic stability, droplet's normal adhesion and oil shear drainage properties were investigated to evaluate the relative performance of microcavitated, micropillared and untextured LIS. For ≤7 μm thick oil films, cavitated and untextured LIS displayed superior slippery properties than micropillared LIS (16 ± 1°, 7 ± 1°, 30 ± 4° slide-off angles respectively). Also, normal adhesion is of the order: cavities < untextured < pillars, and smaller than their dry counterparts. Furthermore, the oil retention efficiency under the action of centrifugal forces and continuous shear flow of water is of the order: pillars > cavities > untextured. Thus, it can be concluded that microcavitated LIS can outperform micropillared and untextured LIS.

Characterizing Normal Upper Extremity Lymphatic Flow with 99mTc In-House Dextran: A Retrospective Study.

Lymphoscintigraphy evaluates the lymphatic system using radiocolloid compounds like 99mTc-sulfur colloid and 99mTc-nanocolloid, which vary in particle size and distribution timing. A local in-house Dextran kit (15-40 nm) was developed in 2005 and began clinical use in 2008 to localize sentinel lymph nodes; diagnose lymphedema; and detect lymphatic leakage. The normal drainage pattern remains unexplored. We retrospectively analyzed 84 upper extremity lymphoscintigraphies from 2008 to 2021. 99mTc in-house Dextran was intradermally injected into both hands, followed by whole-body imaging at specified intervals (≤15 min; 16-30 min; 31-45 min; 46-60 min), with some receiving delayed imaging. Visual and quantitative analyses recorded axillary and forearm lymph nodes and liver, kidney, and urinary bladder activity. Results showed 92% (77/84) upper extremity lymphatic tract visualization within 45 min. Axillary node detection rates increased from 46% (≤15 min) to 86% (46-60 min). Delayed imaging further revealed nodes. Epitrochlear or brachial node visualization was rare (4%, 3/84). Hepatic, renal, and urinary bladder activity was noted in 54%, 71%, and 93% at 1 h, respectively. The axillary node uptake ratio was minimal (<2.5% of injection site activity; median 0.33%). This study characterizes normal upper extremity lymphatic drainage using 99mTc in-house Dextran, offering insights into its clinical application.

Complete removal of a cavernous malformation in the dorsal pons, in contact with the expanded transpontine vein: illustrative case.

Craniotomy is required for the removal of brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) with repeated hemorrhage, and this condition is often complicated by an accompanying developmental venous anomaly (DVA). However, a DVA of the brainstem or cerebellum with drainage penetrating the pons is an exceptional finding. A 57-year-old man presented with double vision. Computed tomography revealed progressive enlargement of the hemorrhage in the dorsal pons. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography revealed an expanded transverse vessel penetrating the center of the pons in contact with the CM. Digital subtraction angiography revealed that the DVA, comprising the expanded transpontine vein and some cerebellar medullary veins acting as normal venous drainage, coexisted with the CM. By utilizing the angioarchitecture and intraoperative neuronavigation system data, electrophysiological mapping, and indocyanine green videoangiography, complete removal of the CM was accomplished while preserving the DVA and brain function. This study presents the intraoperative images of an expanded transpontine vein as a DVA, which has never been depicted in a live patient before, accompanied by a CM in the dorsal portion of the pons. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24314.

Comparison of Bimatoprost and Timolol for Treatment of Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the normal drainage of fluid within the eye, specifically the aqueous humor, is obstructed or restricted. Objective: To assess and compare bimatoprost 0.03% administered once daily versus timolol 0.5% administered twice daily in patients diagnosed with chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG). Methods: This randomized controlled study was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from August 2023 to January 2024. Patients of either gender, aged 18 years or older, and diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral CACG were included. Patients were randomly allocated to either Bimatoprost 0.03% (once daily at night) or Timolol malete 0.5% (two times morning and night daily) adopting a lottery method. Patients were asked to visit after one and 3 months (final outcome) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were taken between 8 to 10 am using an applanation tonometer. Results: A total of 110 patients of which 64 (58.2%) were female. The mean age was 58.9 ± 10.5 years. At baseline, the mean intraocular pressure was calculated to be 24.2 ± 5.7 mmHg. After 1-month (18.7 ± 4.2 mmHg vs. 20.5 ± 4.7 mmHg, p=0.0418) and 3-months of treatment (16.8±4.6 mmHg vs. 19.6 ± 4.3 mmHg, p=0.0030), the mean IOP were significantly less in Bimatoprost group when compared to Timolol group. The commonest adverse events were conjunctival hyperaemia, and pruritus reported by 19 (17.3%), and 9 (8.2%) patients respectively. Conclusions: Bimatoprost exhibited a significantly better reduction in IOP compared to timolol in chronic angle closure glaucoma. Both drugs showed relatively good safety and tolerability profiles.

Polymorphism of angiogenesis regulation factor genes (VEGF/VEGFR), and extracellular matrix remodeling genes (MMP/TIMP), and the levels of their products in extracellular tissues of patients with primary and secondary lymphedema.

Cells of various organs and systems perform their functions and intercellular interactions not in an inert environment, but in the microenvironment of tissue fluids. Violations of the normal drainage of tissue fluids accompany lymphedema. An important mechanism of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis regulation in tissue fluids is the production and reception of vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. The aim of the work was to perform: a comparative analysis of some polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor and their receptors and the genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases in two forms of lymphedema; an analysis of the relationship of these genes' polymorphisms with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in serum and affected tissues. Polymorphism of VEGF (rs699947, rs3025039), KDR (rs10020464, rs11133360), NRP2 (rs849530, rs849563, rs16837641), matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 (rs2438650), MMP3 (rs3025058), MMP9 (rs3918242), Timp1 (rs6609533) and their combinations were analyzed by the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method and TaqMan RT-PCR. The serum and tissue fluid levels were determined using the ELISA test system. Changes in the frequency distribution of MMP2 genotypes in primary and MMP3 in secondary lymphedema are shown. Significant frequency differences in NRP2 genotypes were revealed by comparing primary and secondary lymphedema. Features of the distribution of complex genotypes in primary and secondary lymphedema were revealed. The correlation analysis revealed the interdependence of the concentrations of the MMP, TIMP and VEGF products and differences in the structure of the correlation matrices of patients with both forms of lymphedema. It was shown that, in primary lymphedema, genotypes associated with low MMP2 and TIMP2 in serum and tissue fluid are detected, while in secondary lymphedema, other associations of the production levels with combined genetic traits are observed.

Field experiment examining condensation reduction methods based on underground parking lot types

ABSTRACT In this study, condensation reduction methods with high field applicability to various types of underground parking lots in apartment buildings were selected and tested. The selected methods included floor-insulating drainage plates, induction fans with heating wires, and an automatic control ventilation system based on indoor and outdoor temperatures and humidity. The effectiveness of these methods was evaluated via real-world field experiments. The results indicated that while the insulating drainage plates initially blocked the cold, their long-term effectiveness matched that of normal drainage plates (difference 0.1°C). The induction fan with a heating wire showed average increases of 0.8°C and 2.7°C in wall surface temperature after one and three months, compared to normal induction fans. The absolute humidity of the automatic control ventilation decreased by 1.8 g/kg after 10 h of operation during rainy weather, whereas the manual control ventilation system increased by 0.6 g/kg under the same conditions. This study offers insights into the most effective application of these methods for various parking lot configurations.

Using a Novel, Subconjunctival, Sustained-Release Mitomycin C Formulation in a Rabbit Model of Filtration Surgery with Gel Stent Implantation.

Purpose: To investigate gel stent implantation with and without intraoperative sustained-release mitomycin C (MMC SR) in a rabbit model for gel stent implantation, and to examine aqueous humor outflow (AHO) postimplantation. Methods: Four groups of rabbits were included. Group 1 was untreated (control). Groups 2, 3, and 4 received the gel stent without MMC, with MMC solution (subconjunctival injection), and with MMC SR (subconjunctival injection), respectively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and AHO were assessed via tonometry and indocyanine green-based angiography, respectively. The main efficacy measure was change in IOP from baseline. Results: Following gel stent implantation, Groups 2, 3, and 4 maintained ≥20% IOP reduction (response) for a median duration of 1 week, 6.5 weeks, and 30 weeks, respectively. Angiography showed normal aqueous humor drainage (Group 1) beginning at the perilimbal trabecular plexus and continuing posteriorly to episcleral outflow vessels. Following implantation, drainage occurred preferentially and directly into the subconjunctival bleb. Conclusions: Gel stent implantation with MMC SR was most effective in achieving sustained, long-term IOP reduction in the rabbit model, compared with implantation with or without MMC solution. Bleb presence and the postimplantation aqueous angiography results indicated redirection of the AHO to the subconjunctival vasculature and presumed lymphatics, suggesting efficient glaucoma filtration to lower IOP in this model. This rabbit model and aqueous angiography may help refine understanding of the mechanism of action of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries and ultimately translate to improved surgical devices and procedures for patients with glaucoma.

Robotic reconstruction of necrosed ileal ureter: Technical challenges, intra-operative difficulty, and learning points.

This video explores the challenges faced during a re-do robotic intra-corporeal ileal ureter reconstruction in a previously operated case. A 24-year-old woman presented with a 12-cm long stricture after robotic ileal ureter replacement surgery. A proper preoperative evaluation in the form of ureteroscopy and a nephrostogram is essential and the key steps include adhesiolysis, identification of the necrotic ileal ureter, and meticulous dissection. A 13-cm long segment of the ileum was isolated and was anastomosed to the renal pelvis and the bladder. The surgery lasted for 420 min with 300 ml of blood loss. Post-operatively, the patient recovered well and had a normal drainage with no complications at 1-year of follow-up. The factors such as a broad mesentery, a tension-free anastomosis, and avoiding the twisting of the pedicle are crucial for success of robotic ileal ureter replacement surgery.

Safety evaluation of sinus patency after stereotactic radiosurgery for transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: implications of treatment options for patients with Borden type I fistulas.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TSS DAVFs), and to investigate post-SRS sinus patency, focusing on the risk factors associated with treated sinus occlusion. Data from 34 patients treated with SRS between January 2006 and April 2023 were analyzed. Detailed angioarchitecture was confirmed using digital subtraction angiography before SRS. Angiography of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral artery was performed to evaluate whether the involved side of the TSS was used for normal venous drainage. TSS stenosis was defined as sinus diameter < 50% of the normal proximal diameter. DAVF shunt obliteration, TSS occlusion, neurological status, and adverse events were also evaluated. Of the 34 patients, 21 had Borden type I and 14 had Borden type II DAVFs. The median age at SRS was 64 years (interquartile range 54-71 years), and the follow-up period was 31 months (interquartile range 15-94 months). Complete shunt obliteration was achieved in 24 (70.6%) patients. The cumulative 2-, 3-, and 5-year shunt obliteration rates were 49.6%, 71.2%, and 86.0%, respectively. Borden type I had higher obliteration rates (60.5%, 83.1%, and 94.4%, respectively) than Borden type II (41.7%, 51.4%, and 75.7%, respectively; p = 0.034). TSS occlusion occurred in 5 patients (14.7%). The cumulative 1-, 5-, and 10-year TSS occlusion rates were 2.9%, 8.3%, and 23.6%, respectively, across the entire cohort. All occlusions occurred exclusively in the sinuses that were not used for normal venous drainage. Cox proportional analyses revealed that TSS stenosis and the sinus not being used for normal venous drainage were significantly associated with a greater risk of TSS occlusion after SRS (HR 9.44, 95% CI 1.01-77.13; p = 0.049). SRS is effective and safe for TSS DAVF and results in favorable shunt obliteration, symptom improvement, and low complication rates. TSS occlusion after SRS is asymptomatic and is limited to sinuses that are not used for normal venous drainage.

A large type I right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula: underwent successful percutaneous device closure with duct occluder—a rare case report

BackgroundPulmonary artery to left atrium fistula is an unusual structural cause of silent cyanosis. Only less than 100 cases have been reported so far. A high index of clinical suspicion and proper evaluation with bubble contrast echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) will help to detect this treatable anomaly. The advent of safer percutaneous closure methods has replaced the need for more invasive surgical closure.Case presentationWe report an adolescent boy, who presented with long-standing cyanosis and progressive dyspnea with normal clinical cardiovascular examination. On evaluation, echocardiography and bubble contrast study revealed a large right pulmonary artery (RPA) to left atrium (LA) fistula. Cardiac CT confirmed the same with normal pulmonary venous drainage s/o a large 20 mm Type I RPA LA Fistula. He underwent successful percutaneous closure of the fistula tract with a 22 × 24 mm Cera™ duct occluder via transseptal approach uneventfully.ConclusionOur case enlightens the methodological approach to diagnosing this rare anomaly as well as the feasibility of percutaneous intervention in such cases as it is one of the largest fistula tracts closed percutaneously to date.

Higher incidence of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and enables ophthalmologists to pay attention to ocular surface damage before surgery.Methods165 postmenopausal women with PANDO and 115 postmenopausal women with a normal lacrimal drainage system were enrolled in this prospective study. Based on the results of lacrimal duct irrigation and age, the participants were further subdivided. The incidence of different severities of MGD in different groups was calculated and analyzed by the chi-squared test.ResultsThe incidence of MGD in the PANDO group was 81.21%, and in the control group, it was 46.96%, which was significantly higher in the presence of PANDO (p < 0.001). The incidence of severe MGD in the complete and incomplete PANDO groups was higher than that in the control group (all p < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed between the complete and incomplete PANDO groups. The incidence of moderate MGD was significantly higher in the complete PANDO group than in the control group (p < 0.001). When age was considered an independent variable, the results revealed a significant value for patients aged < 70 years (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study revealed a prodominantly high incidence of MGD in postmenopausal women with PANDO, especially in a complete PANDO or aged < 70 years. Ophthalmologists need to pay close attention to MGD in postmenopausal women with PANDO.

Pyeloureteral Junction Syndrome on Ectopic Kidney: About 2 Cases

Renal ectopy and hydronephrosis are two different conditions but the association of the both is very uncommon. Hydronephrosis is an abnormal enlargement of a kidney due to dilatation of the kidney calices and the kidney pelvis, it’s often associated with obstruction of the ureter that prevents normal drainage of urine to the bladder. Renal ectopy is a misplacement due to anormal migration during embryonic development. We report two patients having both conditions.

Microglial involvement in ocular hypertension

Glaucoma, a chronic and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. It is characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), loss of their axons, and damage to the lamina cribrosa. To study glaucomatous optic neuropathy, experimental rodent models are commonly used due to their low cost, ease of handling, and similarities to the human retina. The ideal model must reproduce tissue changes observed in human glaucoma, such as alterations of the optic nerve head, thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer, activation of glial cells, and progressive degeneration of RGCs.The DBA/2J transgenic mouse model is the most commonly used genetic model, characterized by a gradual increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) with age, leading to rapid and progressive loss of RGCs and optic nerve degeneration. However, limitations such as iris atrophy and peripheral anterior synechiae can alter the anterior segment and influence IOP measurement. Induced models of ocular hypertension (OHT) have a predictable IOP increase following experimental procedures, but this increase is usually rapid and sustained for a relatively short time, which may not represent the slow and sustained IOP elevation observed in primary open‐angle glaucoma. Nonetheless, induced models produce similar pathophysiological mechanisms to genetic models. Other models include the injection of hypertonic saline into episcleral veins to cause scarring of the trabecular meshwork and elevate IOP, and the intracameral injection of polystyrene or magnetic microbeads to obstruct normal drainage flow of aqueous humour, resulting in an IOP increase. A new model employs an intracameral injection of a cross‐linking polymer that produces a viscosity increase, impeding normal drainage of the aqueous humour and resulting in an IOP increase and loss of RGCs.In this SIS, we review the different glaucoma models, their methods, and the retinal tissue changes, with a focus on microglial cell changes.

Effectiveness of Sucralphate and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combinations For Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression In Diabetic Ulcer Healing

Background: Diabetic ulcer is one of the most feared chronic infections due to Diabetes Mellitus because it can lead to amputation and death. Aim: To prove the effectiveness of sucralfate and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combination for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in diabetic ulcer healing. Methods: This research is an experimental study of Phase I Clinical Trial with post-test only group design. There were 20 patients with diabetic ulcers divided into two groups, namely the treated group that was given sucralfate and PRP therapy and the control group was given standard therapy of normal saline drainage and gauze covered. Parameters were VEGF expression levels, wound area after being given therapy, and side effect from the treatment. Data on VEGF expression levels were obtained by means of examination with the Quantikine Human VEGF-ELISA Quantikine, R&amp;D System, Inc, Minneapolis. The measurement of the wound area was assessed based on several criteria, namely grade 0 (no change), grade 1 (wound size reduced to less than of the previous wound), grade 2 (wound size was reduced to less than of the previous wound, but granulation was visible), and grade 3 (wound has closed completely). Result: In unpaired t-test, the mean VEGF expression was 98.18+10.96 in the treatment group and 66.69+23.79 in the control group which showed significant difference in VEGF expression levels (p = 0.003). In Mann-Whitney test, the mean wound area was 0.68+0.40 in the treatment group and 0.77+0.67 in the control group which showed that there was not any significant difference in wound area (p = 0.152). There were no side effects in both study group. Conclusions: The combination of sucralfate and PRP can increase VEGF levels significantly in diabetic ulcer patients but does not show a different effect in reducing wound area compared to standard treatment. The combination did not cause any side effects in the study subjects, as well as those using standard treatment.

Effects of nutrient solution management modes on fruit production and quality of tomatoes grown in extremely root restriction

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are popular worldwide due to their unique flavor and abundant nutrients. To explore a suitable nutrient solution management mode for high quality production of tomato grown in extremely root restriction, we analyzed the effect of drainage rate and electric conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution on plant growth and fruit production of tomatoes. To reveal the diversity of flavor in tomato fruits under four modes, we focused on sugars, organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids and volatile compounds. In total, 831 metabolites were identified by metabolome analysis. The results displayed that low drainage (0–5%) significantly repressed plant growth, reduced photosynthesis and fruit production. Normal drainage (20%) combined with high EC markedly promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar and most of aromatic amino acids as well as fatty acids. The treatment of increasing EC by adding NaCl (EC1.2/4.8(1.2+3.6Na)/3.2(1.2+2.0Na)) markedly promoted the level of 5 compounds of (glucose-1p, glucose-6p, glyceric acid-3p, phosphoenolpyruvate and sedoheptuiose-7p), 1 compound (α-ketoglutaric acid) involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and 1 volatile (2-phenylethanol). Therefore, the increase of EC from 1.2 to 4.8 dS/m by adding NaCl is an ideal pathway to ensure fruit production and high-quality tomatoes grown in extremely root restriction.

High-grade Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Presenting as Acquired Lymphangioma Circumscriptum

A previously healthy woman in her 40s presented to the dermatology clinic with a 1-year history of a tender, draining, enlarging mass on the left buttock. Physical examination revealed an extensively indurated hyperpigmented nodule with numerous overlying clustered exophytic verrucous papules on the L medial buttock (see figure 1). Initial skin biopsy of verrucous lesions was notable for lymphangioma with overlying condyloma, D2-40 positive. MRI abdomen and pelvis with contrast demonstrated a left gluteal enhancing subcutaneous soft tissue mass, 10.3 x 8.2 x 8.8 cm in size, overlying and involving the left gluteus maximus, along with satellite nodules present in the medial gluteus maximus and paraspinal muscles, with bilateral pelvic and inguinal adenopathy. Excisional deep tissue biopsy revealed a diagnosis of a high-grade, multifocal spindle and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy AIM (doxorubicin, iphosphamide, MESNA), followed by radical resection of the left gluteal region, with positive margins, followed by repeat surgical resection and reconstruction with left-sided latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap. The patient has now completed radiation therapy.&#x0D; Soft tissue sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin, that represents 0.8% of all adult cancers. Prognostic factors associated with poor outcome include high histologic grade, large tumor size, presence of metastases, and unresectability1. Herein, we report a novel case of high-grade soft-tissue undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, masquerading as acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum (ALC), as noted on initial skin biopsy of grouped flesh-colored verrucous papules overlying an indurated tender mass. ALC is a lymphatic malformation occurring as sequela to any process which interrupts previously normal lymphatic drainage. As such, subcutaneous lymphatic cisterns are unable to drain completely into the general lymphatic system, resulting in lymphatic dilation and subsequent development of vesicular and papular lesions on the trunk, extremities, and anogenital areas.2 ALC can mimic common infectious growths including molluscum contagiosum and condyloma accuminata, and accordingly be mismanaged. Etiologic causes of ALC including malignancy, and has previously been reported in the setting of cervical carcinoma, vulvar carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, rectal carcinoma, melanoma, and high-grade penile dysplasia2,3,4. Other etiologic causes can include surgery, trauma, radiation therapy, chronic inflammatory conditions including hidradenitis suppurativa, and inflammatory bowel disease.&#x0D; To date, acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum has not been reported in the setting of underlying high-grade pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma. As such, clinical presence of grouped frogspawn-like or verrucous papules, in an area of tender induration or lymphedema, should prompt a work-up to exclude an underlying malignant etiology as new onset ALC may be masquerading an underlying malignancy.

Negative effect of varicocele on sperm mitochondrial dysfunction: A cross-sectional study.

Varicocele is an abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus that impairs normal blood drainage and finally leads to infertility if not treated. This study aimed to figure out the impact of mitochondria status through the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assessment and its correlation with semen parameters to illuminate the impact of sperm mitochondria healthiness on normal sperm functionality. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 men including 50 cases in the normozoospermic group (normal) and 50 in an infertile group with the non-varicocelectomy operation (varicocele) referring to Infertility Research and Treatment Center, ACECR Khuzestan, Iran. Routine semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization guidelines, DNA fragmentation index, the MMP assay, ATP content, and apoptosis were carried out for all samples. The results showed that the concentration, progressive motility, normal morphology, MMP, and ATP contents of sperm in varicocele were significantly lower than the normal group. In addition, the sperm DNA fragmentation index was significantly higher in the varicocele group in comparison with the normal group. Reduction in MMP and ATP contents, besides the loss of sperm parameters quality and increase in sperm DNA fragmentation, were seriously implicating sperm mitochondria dysfunctionality in varicocele men.

ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOME OF FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SINUSITIS WITH OR WITHOUT SINONASAL POLYPOSIS

Introduction:- Chronic rhinosinusitis is a multifactorial disease causing inammation of sino-nasal mucosa. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) causes less morbidity, complication and less recurrence rates. This study aims to assess various presenting symptoms, nasal endoscopic and Computed tomography (CT) ndings, to compare relief of various symptoms &amp; to conrm the effectiveness of FESS as standard modality of treatment. Methodology:- In this study we include 100 cases of chronic sinusitis with or without sinonasal polyposis age between 15 to 65 years attending otorhinolaryngology outpatient department which full our inclusion criteria &amp; undergoing Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. All the patients were pre- &amp; post-operatively evaluated clinically using Rhinosinusitis symptom inventory score in to major &amp; minor criteria, radiologically and endoscopically. The overall result reveal male is to fe Results:- male ratio was 1:1.27. Preoperatively on CT scan and endoscopic examination most commonly involved sinus was max illary sinus 99% &amp; anterior ethmoid sinus (70%), most common anatomical variation was Deviated nasal septum/spur seen in (98%) &amp; Concha bullosa in (82%). Most common symptoms observed was Nasal obstruction (93%), headache (81%) &amp; Nasal discharge (72%). Post-operatively 91.66% of the patients were asymptomatic at the end of the 3 months with p value &lt;0.0001 (statistically signicant) and 8.33% of patients were still symptomatic at the end of 3 months. No major complication directly related to FESS occurred. Conclusion:- In conclusion FESS is minimally invasive, safe and effective procedure &amp; has better impact in relieving symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, as it clears only the involved sinus pathology, establishing normal mucociliary drainage of the paranasal sinuses

Correlation between Percutaneous Biliary Drainage and Decrease in Serum Bilirubin

Background: Obstruction of the bile duct, whether caused by a tumor or a surgical injury, will cause: jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and eventually, liver failure. The primary goal of percutaneous management is draining bile into the small intestine and achieving a drainage that is the most similar to the normal physiologic drainage, maintaining normal enterohepatic circulation. The present study aims to make a correlation between percutaneous biliary diversion and the decrease in serum bilirubin in pre- and post-procedure studies (24 hours). Methods: We did a retrospective review of the database of the Interventional Radiology service of Hospital Regional 11º de Octubre, México. The time study was between years 2017 and 2022. We analyzed 75 patient’s clinical records who underwent percutaneous management with a diagnosis of bile duct dilation due to an obstructive origin. The population was divided in three groups benign, malignant and post-surgical based on the ethiology of the bile duct obstruction. Total serum bilirubins, liver enzymes, coagulation tests and platelets of each patient were obtained from the clinical record prior to percutaneous biliary diversion and 24 hours after procedure. Results: 75 patient records were explored, of which 26 (34.7%) were men and 49 (65.3%) were women The mean age was 62.3 years. A statistically significant decrease in total serum bilirubin was observed 24 hr after the procedure with a p value of 0.009. A statistically significant decrease after the procedure was also observed in liver enzymes with a value of: GGT with p: 0.002, GOT with p: 0.003 and LDH with p: 0.005 Discussion: There was a decrease in total serum bilirubin and liver enzymes after an effective biliary diversion, regardless of the cause of obstruction.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma.