Compressive Strength Of Normal Concrete Research Articles

EFFECT OF SEA WATER, COASTAL SAND, AND CLAM SHELL POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF NORMAL CONCRETE

Durability and resilience are essential factors of reinforced concrete structures in maritime environment which are subjected by stress, abrasion, and tidal exposure continuously. The research aims to analyze the effect of marine materials and its environment on the compressive strength of concrete cube (15x15x15 cm) at various days such as 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. The marine materials were used such as seawater, coastal sand, and clamshell powder as part of the concrete mixture. In addition, the effect of seawater on curing period, also were investigated. Treatment of marine environment were conducted by placing the samples after 28 days of age in tidal zone, submerged, and coastal atmospheric area. The results show the marine environment decreased the compressive strength about of 2%, 11% and 19% for coastal atmosphere, tidal and submerged treatments respectively which correlated to carbonation depth. The use of coastal sand in concrete mixture decreased compressive strength of concrete while the presence of clamshell powder slightly increased compressive strength for both curing treatments in fresh water and seawater. The curing process in seawater until the 28-days had a similar of compressive strength rate with the ones in freshwater.

Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Kulit Kerang Sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Halus dengan Menggunakan Pasir Pantai Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton dan Mutu K-200

The influences of shells utilization as smooth aggregate replacement by using sands beach on the concrete compressive strength and the quality of k-200, the use of smooth aggregate substitutes, such as manually broken clam shells and beach sand obtained from Paciran, Lamongan Regency. The mixture used in making concrete is concrete with quality K-200 (fc'16.60 Mpa). Concrete sand will be replaced by 50% with beach sand, and mixed variations will be carried out with the addition of shells by 10%, 15%, and 20%. The test results show that the average compressive strength of normal concrete is 16.60 Mpa. For a mixture with shell waste by 10% and sea sand by 50%, the average compressive strength value is 15.09 Mpa. In a mixture with shell waste by 15% and sea sand by 50%, the average compressive strength value is 14.62 Mpa. While in a mixture with shellfish waste of 20% and sea sand of 50%, the average compressive strength value is 14.13 Mpa. The concrete variant with the highest average compressive strength value is the normal variant with a value of 16.60 Mpa, while the concrete variant with the lowest average compressive strength value is the variant with shell waste of 20% and sea sand of 50%, with a value of 14.13 Mpa.

Pengaruh Abu Serbuk Kayu Kulim dan Serbuk Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

This research combines kulim wood dust and coconut shell powder as a substitute for concrete materials. Ash from kulim sawdust has silicca properties. Meanwhile, coconut shell powder can be mixed in concrete. This study aims to determine the effect of using kulim sawdust ash as a partial substitution of cement and coconut shell powder waste as a partial substitution of fine aggregate on compressive strength and to determine the ideal proportion of the percentage variation of added ingredients. Concrete planning uses an experimental method that refers to SNI 03-2834-2000, SNI 03-1974-1990 and the Unisla Concrete Practicum Guidebook. With a total sample of 12 test objects with the quality plan K-225. The results of the normal concrete compressive strength test with an N code of 19.55 MPa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code A1 are 19.29 MPa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code B1 are 18.84 Mpa. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete with added materials with code C1 are 18.46 MPa. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the added ingredients of kulim wood powder ash and coconut shell powder did not significantly affect the compressive strength of concrete and the higher the added material value the lower the concrete compressive strength value and the lower the added material value, the higher the concrete compressive strength value.

Penggunaan Silika Fume Untuk Reduksi Semen Dengan Limbah Granit Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Kasar Terhadap Kuat Tekan Dan Kuat Tarik Beton

Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water. In order to obtain good quality in the process, added ingredients, waste, or other materials with a certain ratio value are added. In this case, the use of granite waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate that is easy to find and the use of silica fume which aims to increase the compressive strength of concrete. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of granite waste and silica fume, as well as the relationship between compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete with these variations. The percentage of granite waste and silica fume varied, ranging from 5%-10% granite waste and 0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30% silica fume. Concrete testing was carried out after the concrete was 28 days old. The planned compressive strength is 25 Mpa. From the results obtained, the average normal concrete compressive strength was 27.69 Mpa and the average normal concrete tensile strength was 3.14 Mpa. The addition of 5% - 10% percentage granite waste and 0% silica fume obtained an average compressive strength of 27.74 Mpa and 27.65 Mpa, and an average tensile strength of 3.18 Mpa and 3.16 Mpa. The percentage of 10% granite waste and silica fume 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30% obtained average compressive strengths of 26.42 Mpa, 26.33 Mpa, 25.10 Mpa, and 25.01 Mpa respectively and average tensile strengths of 2.71 Mpa, 2.64 Mpa, 2.50 Mpa, and 2.41 Mpa respectively.

Interface Shear Analysis of UHPC‐NC with U‐Shaped Shear Stud

AbstractThe composite structure composed of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) and normal concrete (NC) has been widely applied to engineering structures. U‐shaped shear studs play an important role in the combination of the UHPC‐NC interface. To investigate the interface shear characteristics of UHPC‐NC with U‐shaped shear studs, the numerical model with 14 various parameters is calculated based on the interface push tests. The influences of diameter, stud number, NC elastic modulus, NC compressive strength on the shear characteristics of the UHPC‐NC interface are analyzed. The results show that the load‐slip curves of the UHPC‐NC interface with a U‐shaped shear stud have three stages: elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and descending stage. The fitting formula with the power function as the basic function can well express the influence law of diameter on the interface shear capacity. The interface shear capacity is not sensitive to the elastic modulus and compressive strength of NC, and it does not increase or decrease with the increase of stud number, the shear strength of a single stud tends to be constant.

Pengaruh Penambahan Aditif Sikament-Ln terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Mutu Tinggi dengan Variasi Nilai Slump

High-strength concrete listed in SNI 03-6468-2000 concrete is defined as concrete having the required compressive strength of fc'≥ 41 Mpa. From this study, data obtained from the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days as follows: the value of the normal concrete compressive strength of 41.72 MPa, the compressive strength of the Sikament-ln mixture of 0.6% slump 5 of 45.65 MPa, the compressive strength of the Sikament-mixed concrete. -ln 1% slump 6 of 47,38 MPa, compressive strength of mixed concrete Sikament-ln 1.4% slump 7 of 44.20 MPa, compressive strength of mixed concrete of Sikament-ln 1.8% slump 8 of 45.65 MPa 38 ,65MPa. It can be seen from the results of this study that the ideal compressive strength is the compressive strength of the Sikament-ln mixture of 1% slump 6 this is because the compressive strength value is much greater than the compressive strength without the Sikament-ln mixture.

Prediction of the compressive strength of normal concrete using ensemble machine learning approach

Prediction of the compressive strength of normal concrete using ensemble machine learning approach

Influence of Random Vehicle–Bridge Coupling Vibration on the Anti-Disturbance Performance of Concrete Materials

Without interrupting the traffic on the old bridge, the connection of the widening bridge will cause disturbance to the concrete in the splicing position. In order to study the anti-disturbance performance of concrete material, the Normal Concrete (NC) material and the Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) material were experimentally investigated by the vertical shaking table and X-ray computed tomography scanning. It can be learnt from tests that the compressive strength of NC and UHPC can be increased by about 10% to 20% after disturbance, while the flexural tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of both NC and UHPC can be reduced by about 20% to 25% and 10% to 20%, respectively. The elastic modulus of UHPC is not significantly affected by the vibration disturbance, and that of NC can be increased by about 20%. The setting time difference of the proposed NC material can be controlled within 100 min, and it can improve its anti-disturbance performance. Excessive vibration disturbance affects the internal structure of NC, while it has little effect on the distribution of steel fiber in UHPC. Due to the high cost of UHPC materials, it is recommended to analyze the joint performance requirements before the selection of splicing materials. If the stress requirement is not particularly high, it is still recommended to apply the proposed NC material for the splicing of widening bridge.

Assessment of Stone Ash as a Fine Aggregate Material to Meet the Value of Normal Concrete Compressive Strength

The concrete industry in Indonesia is very advanced and developing, so the use of construction materials is increasing. The need for other materials as a substitute for fine aggregate for the manufacture of concrete, namely stone ash comes from the stone slate industry waste. 20% stone ash, 80% sand) and (30% rock ash, 70% sand) with a concrete quality target of Fc' 17.5 Mpa. The method used is the laboratory experimental method referring to the SNI standard. The results showed that the use of stone ash (AB) as a normal concrete mixture affected the compressive strength of concrete. The higher the percentage of stone ash (AB), then the value of the compressive strength of concrete increases. The value of the compressive strength of concrete from stone ash (AB) at the composition of AB 10%, AB 20% and AB 30% was 173.50 kg/cm2, 235.11 kg/cm2 and 239.88 kg/cm2 while normal concrete was 18.59 MPa at 28 days.

Pengaruh Serbuk Besi Dari Limbah Bubut Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Halus Dan Variasi Tawas Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Kasar Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

This study aims to analyze the relationship of compressive strength of concrete with iron powder mixture from lathe waste by 10% and alum variation by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The method of this study is to compare the compressive strength of normal concrete with the compressive strength of concrete variations of iron powder and alum. The percentage of iron powder of 10% and the percentage of alum of 0% experienced a decrease in the compressive strength value against normal concrete by 8.7%, which used an iron lathe of 10% and alum of 5% experienced a drastic decrease against the compressive strength of normal concrete by 30.4%. It can be concluded that 10% iron lathe impersonation as a substitution of fine aggregates and variations of alum of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% as substitutions of coarse aggregates lead to a decrease in the compressive strength value of concrete

Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Recycled Glass Powder

Glass bottle waste takes a million years to decompose. Recycling is the best option to solve this problem. One<br />alternative is to use recycled glass in the form of powder as a material for making concrete. This study proposes the<br />use of recycled glass powder as a concrete material to partially substitute fine aggregate. This study aims to<br />determine the effect of glass powder as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete.<br />Partial substitution of fine aggregate was selected with a percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Standard cylindrical<br />specimens aged 28 days used in compressive strength testing in this study. Then, the test results of concrete<br />containing recycled glass powder compared to ordinary concrete. The test results show that the compressive strength<br />of concrete containing 15% recycled glass powder gives an average compressive strength of 35.57 MPa which is<br />slightly higher than the compressive strength of normal concrete of 35.10 MPa. This study found that the use of glass<br />powder as a substitute for fine aggregate can be used as a substitute for normal concrete in terms of compressive<br />strength and reduce glass waste.

EFFECTS OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE BEADS ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BRICK AGGREGATE CONCRETE

Bangladesh's construction industry has grown significantly over the past two decades. The construction industry is progressing at a faster speed, which has raised the raw demand for building materials. Finding an alternative to natural aggregate in concrete casting as a partial replacement is a smart concept to protect natural resources. Our environment is severely harmed by the production of bricks. On the other hand, polystyrene, a common plastic packaging material, degrades to harm the environment and produces useless plastic waste. To conserve natural resources, it can be a good idea to use plastic trash as a partial replacement for natural aggregate in concrete casting. The addition of EPS to concrete offers a variety of benefits. These include reduced self-weight in structures, lighter weights during construction, and higher thermal resistance. In this experiment on the characteristics of concrete structure, expanded polystyrene beads have been used in place of coarse aggregate in this experiment. In various combinations (1:1:2), (1:1.5:3), and (1:2:4), EPS beads replace 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the volume of the course aggregate portion. The compressive strength, unit weight and splitting tensile strength of these mixes are all measured for the complete testing procedure. The optimal levels of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and unit weight of 12.65 MPa, 1.89 MPa, and 46.28 kg/m3 respectively, and the normal concrete's compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and unit weight of about 19.16 MPa, 2.05 MPa, and 12.24 kg/m3 are successfully developed in Grade M25 EPS-based concrete with a replacement percentage of 10%. The results indicate that EPS beads have the potential to produce lightweight concrete with a moderate strength grade that might be used in a wide range of applications.

Prediction of Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete with Partial Replacement of Sand by Waste Glass Using Fuzzy Model

The objective of the study is a partial replacement of natural fine aggregate with crushed waste glass for M 30 concrete production. To determine the compressive strength of such concrete for using 10% 15%, 20%, and 25% of partial replacement including control samples using 0.45, 0.47, and 0.50 water-cement ratios. Quality tests, slump, compressive strength, density, permeability, and Ultrasonic pulse velocity test are performed; the cube of concrete mix design test follows the American Concrete Institution (ACI) guideline. And to develop a predictive model for the 7days and 28days compressive strength using a fuzzy model. The result has shown that the physical properties, of course, fine aggregate and crushed waste glass satisfy the standard specification, when the replacement percent increases, the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete are increased up to 15% of replacement level Due to the angular nature of waste glass particles contributes more effective cement past. Thus reduction of microscopic voids in concrete. The study also found the depth of penetration for concrete indicates the increased replacement percent increase in the depth of penetration increase due to increase microscopic void space. It was concluded that the natural sand is effectively partially replaced by crushed waste glass, maximum compressive strength was achieved at 15% of replacement level. The result showed that quite satisfactory in predicting the Compressive strength for 7 and 28 days strength of the M-30 concrete mix using the fuzzy logic technique with a coefficient of correlation, R2 of 0.87 and 0.85 respectively for training and validation set. The significance of the study is that the compressive strength of concrete made with partial replacement of natural fine aggregate by the crushed waste glass can be predicted by using the predictive model developed.

Effect of Temperature Variations on Elevated Temperature Curing Method Towards Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete With Additional Accelerator

Developments in modern times have grown rapidly, this can be seen from the rapid development. Along with the increasing scale of development in the world of construction, more and more concrete is needed effectively, practically, and in the future. The strength of concrete is strongly influenced by the quality of the materials, admixtures, the working process, and the curing of the concrete. Concrete with the addition of an accelerator has higher compressive strength, this is due to the accelerator reaction which can accelerate the binding process and the development of the initial compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete with direct immersion treatment has large compressive strength. There are several methods of treating concrete, including watering and high temperature. This study used a fixed accelerator proportion of 3 % of the weight of cement with a test time of 7 and 28 days. The treatment method used is open space, immersion, high temperature at temperatures of 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 40 ºC and 45 ºC. From the results of the research, there are differences in characteristics between normal concrete and concrete with the addition of an accelerator. Concrete with a high-temperature treatment method at a temperature of 45 ºC produces the highest strong pressure. This is caused by the higher the treatment temperature, the higher the rate of hydration process that affects the compressive strength of the concrete.

The Effectiveness of the Water Additional Ingredient Urea CO(NH2)2 to the Concrete Fc' 20 MPA on Curing Process

Concrete quality depends on the value of the ratio of materials, how to blend and how to pour the concrete mixture, how to compact and how to care for it during the hardening process. This study aims to determine how much influence the curing process using water with a mixture of Co(NH2)2 and normal water has on the compressive strength of concrete fc' 20 Mpa. The sample is a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. Samples were made 3 test objects with the age of 28 days and tested coherently. The compressive strength of normal concrete has increased in quality with the age between 7 is 9.1 Mpa to 28 days is 17 Mpa. While the concrete with curring process using water with a mixture of urea increased at age 7 with a value of 10.8 Mpa to 21 days with a value of 14.4 Mpa, but at age 28 the strength of the concrete decreased by 12 Mpa. Cracks with cone and split types are 10 pieces, this can happen because the material in the concrete mixer has not been mixed well during the concrete manufacturing process.

Multifunctional computational models to predict the long‐term compressive strength of concrete incorporated with waste steel slag

AbstractTo preserve the environment and natural resources, steel slag recovery conserves natural resources and makes landfill space available. Steel slag as a waste material has been partially substituted for fine (sand) and coarse aggregate in concrete (gravel). Compressive strength (CS) is the most significant mechanical attribute for all forms of concrete composites. To save time, energy, and money, it is essential to create accurate models for forecasting the CS of normal concrete (NC). In addition, it offers essential information for organizing the building work and details the ideal time to remove the formwork. In total, 338 data points were gathered, processed, and modeled in total. During the modeling approach, the most influential elements impacting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete with steel slag replacement were addressed. According to the modeling method, the most effective parameter which affects the compressive strength of normal concrete is the curing time. This research employed a Multi Logistic Regression model (MLR), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a Full Quadratic model (FQ), an M5P‐tree model, and an Interaction model to predict the compressive strength of normal strength concrete (CS ranged from 10 to 55 MPa) with steel slag aggregate replacement. According to data from the literature, the steel slag concentration enhanced the compressive strength. Based on evaluations with statistical tools like the objective (OBJ) function, the scatter index, and the Taylar diagram, the ANN model with the lowest root mean square error did better at predicting compressive strength than the other models.

"Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates in Concrete by Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregates in Rigid Pavements"

Our study intends to explore the flexural and split tensile strength, light weight, higher impact and toughness resistance which means prolonged and better resistance to formation of cracks, upgraded ductility, etc most effective use of the waste tyre rubber as a constituent of concrete mix replacing the coarse aggregate partially. In this research work, emphasis is given on the pre-treating of the rubber particles and then using them as the partial replacement of the conventional rock aggregates. To get the best results, the rubber aggregates used are surface treated by sodium hydroxide and cement paste before using them in the concrete.M20 grade concrete is used. Using untreated rubber aggregates, the compressive strength of the resultant concrete reduced rapidly, but when treated rubber aggregates were introduced, it resulted in the regaining of more than 90% of the 28 day compressive strength of normal concrete which can be considered quite satisfactory considering the easy and cheap availability of the used tyres and the negative impacts it can have on the environment if left unused. This much compressive strength is enough for treated-rubberized concrete for its use in different areas where compressive strength is not much important like in floors and concrete road pavements. Flexural and split tensile strength is found to be higher than that of the normal concrete but only when treatment is given to the rubber aggregates before using them. Workability is decreased. Flexibility gets increased and due to the lower unit weight of the rubber particles, it is also lighter than the normal concrete.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Serbuk Arang Batok Kelapa Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

Processing of coconut shells into charcoal powder as a concrete mixture. The use of coconut shell charcoal powder on the compressive strength of concrete aims to be a substitute for cement for normal concrete compressive strength and to determine the optimum concrete compressive strength after substitution of cement using coconut shell charcoal powder. In this study the use of coconut shell charcoal powder as a cement substitution with variations of 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%. Concrete testing was carried out at the age of 28 days after treatment by being immersed in water. The results of the analysis showed that the average compressive strength value of the addition of coconut shell charcoal powder at variations of 5% and 7.5% decreased by 11% and 12.57% because with the increasing number of calcium hydroxide formed, the cement adhesion will decrease so that the structure inside will be weak and cause the compressive strength to be low, while the variation of adding coconut shell charcoal powder 2.5% has an increase of 2.07% against normal concrete compressive strength. From the results of the characteristic concrete compressive strength obtained with substitution variations of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% respectively of 278.74 kg/cm2, 243.43 kg/cm2 and 238.96 kg/cm2, the concrete These include class II K 275 concrete (middle class concrete) structural concrete.

The Effect of Plastiment-VZ on the Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Lightwieght Concrete Using Aluminium Powder

One of the approaches to producing lightweight concrete is by adding the aluminum powder to the cement mixture to create air bubbles in the concrete as such enabling pores to appear in the concrete. Aluminum powder can reduce the weight of lightweight concrete despite its tendency to reduce compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete can be increased by certain methods, one of which is by the addition of Plastiment-VZ admixture. This study aims to investigate the effect of the use of Plastiment-VZ admixture on the compressive strength and flexural strength of lightweight concrete. The normal concrete compressive strength is designed to the range of 0.7 MPa – 5.0 MPa. The concrete testing specimens were in the form of a cube of 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm for the compressive test and beams with dimensions of 15 cm x 15 cm x 60 cm for the flexural test. The test results of the compressive strength obtained for normally aerated concrete (0% of Plastiment-VZ) is 6.31 MPa; and for the variation of 0.2% is 6.52 MPa, for 0.4% is 6.8 MPa, and for 0.6% is 8.04 MPa. The highest increase in strength occurred at 0.6% variation, which is 27.46% above normally aerated concrete. The degrees of flexural strength of the concrete produced from each variation of 0%; Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Plastiment-VZ has a significant effect on increasing the compressive strength and flexural strength of lightweight concrete. The more quantity of Plastiment-VZ is used, the higher the compressive strength and flexural strength are produced; even though, the optimum level for the use of Plastiment-VZ for aerated concrete has not been found.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Serbuk Kayu Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Halus Pada Beton

Concrete is the most widely used material as the main material in construction. As time progresses, human needs also increase, so in this study, wood waste was used into concrete mix with a normal concrete compressive strength value of 20 MPa using aggregate from the Jeneberang River.
 In this study, using sawdust waste to be utilized in concrete with variations of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% with the aim of research to find out how the effect of sawdust waste into concrete mix with predetermined variations. The implementation method uses the SNI method by making test objects in the form of cylinders and blocks at the Indonesian Christian University Paul Laboratory. 
 From the results of the research conducted, it was found that the effect of sawdust waste mixed into the concrete mixture showed the value of the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete increased by 3% then decreased in variations of 6% and 9% but at the addition of 3% the strength value The compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete decreased compared to normal concrete.