Normal Business Research Articles

BUILDING SHOWCASE PLATFORM

Abstract : Formal project management is not widespread in SMEs. Most of the office work and normal business activities are looked by the staff in an informal manner and in most cases without any project management training. This is not to say that their projects are not successful. Many SMEs handle projects well and are successful. This could be due to their tactical knowledge and the individuals involved rather than a conscious effort. But these companies could be falling short of their potential and may perform better if they follow a proper formal system of project management practices. Management, produces a degree of predictability, focuses on systems, relays on control, organizes and staffs, accepts the status quo and motivates people to comply with standards. This project aims to study the approach of small and informal construction firms towards construction management and the various techniques adopted by them and thereby suggest systems and methods in project management to improve their performance. A startup construction firm that did not have formal project management systems and techniques in place was identified and upon discussion with their owners and employees regarding their practices, they were willing to let us assist them in their projects by setting up a project management function there by analyzing their work. During the course of the study, significant improvements were observed in the system adopted by the firm in various aspects like quality control, project monitoring & tracking and safety. It can thus be concluded that introduction of project management techniques even though on a small but systematic way can help bring improvement in the performance of the firm and contribute to the organization’s growth in the long run. IndexTerms – Web-Based Application, Modern structure.

An infrastructure for secure data sharing: a clinical data implementation.

To address database interoperability challenges to improve collaboration among disparate organizations. We developed a lightweight system to allow broad but well-controlled data sharing while preserving local data protection policies. We used 2 NIST-developed technologies-Next-generation Database Access Control (NDAC) and the Data Block Matrix (DBM)-to create a proof-of-concept system called the Secure Federated Data Sharing System (SFDS). NDAC controls access to database resources down to the field level based on attributes assigned to users. The DBM manages and shares authoritative user-attribute assignments across a federation of organizations, implemented using a modified open-source permissioned blockchain, to manage and share authoritative user-attribute assignments across a federation of organizations. We used synthetic data to demonstrate a clinical research data-sharing use case using the SFDS. We demonstrated, through consent, the onboarding of previously unknown users into NDAC via assignments to their DBM-validated attributes, allowing those users policy-preserving access to local database resources. The SFDS main system components-NDAC and DBM-also showed excellent performance metrics. The SFDS provides a generic data-sharing infrastructure that effectively and securely achieves data-sharing objectives. It is completely transparent to the otherwise normal business operations of participating organizations. It requires no changes to database management systems or existing methods of authenticating and authorizing local user access to local resources. This efficiency, flexibility of deployment, and granularity of control make this new infrastructure solution practical for meeting the data-sharing and protection objectives of the clinical research community.

Working from home during the COVID‐19 state of emergency in Japan

AbstractThis study examines the impact of working from home on how the working hours of full‐time employees varied by task characteristics during the first COVID‐19 state of emergency in Japan. One of the employment issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic was which type of job maintained working hours despite the spread of infection. Research in various countries argued that working from home effectively maintained normal business operations without interruption. However, Japan's situation regarding working from home and maintaining working hours during the pandemic differed. Under the first state of emergency, the government strongly promoted work‐from‐home measures for office workers, regardless of the tasks they were responsible for at their workplaces. In cases where a task was incompatible with working remotely, work stagnated or ceased entirely, which was reflected in the hours worked. This study considered shortened work hours by not maintaining full‐time work hours during the emergency period as an indicator of the dysfunctional state of business operations. The results demonstrated that work‐from‐home arrangements resulted in shortened work hours if the tasks of workers were incompatible with the scheme. We further revealed a tendency in which work‐from‐home arrangements were discontinued after the emergency period when it involved shortened work hours during the emergency period. The results suggested that work‐from‐home settings are not sustainable beyond emergency situations unless business operations function as indicated by maintaining full‐time work hours.

EXPRESS: So, Sue Me … If You Can! How Legal Changes Diminishing Managers’ Risk of Being Held Liable by Shareholders Affect Firms’ Likelihood to Recall Products

Research examining the antecedents instead of consequences of recalls is relatively sparse and has not considered whether firms’ likelihood to recall products is influenced by legal changes that could induce managerial opportunism, such as those reducing shareholder litigation risk. To examine this question, the authors exploit the staggered adoption of universal demand (UD) laws across different states in the U.S. as a quasi-natural experiment. UD laws aim to prevent frivolous litigation from disrupting a firm’s normal business operations by making it more difficult for shareholders to sue managers for neglecting their fiduciary duties and hold them personally liable. Although UD laws are well-intended, the reduced threat of shareholder litigation disciplining a firm’s managers could have unintended negative consequences. Indeed, using a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis, the authors find that following the adoption of UD laws, affected firms become less likely to recall products. This effect is weaker in the presence of organizational mechanisms constraining managers’ self-interest-seeking behavior, such as a corporate culture focused on customer needs and interests or the exercise of normative control through monitoring by institutional investors. The authors do not find support for a potential alternative explanation of operational improvement and therefore higher product quality driving their findings.

Implementation of a hotline (“S-T-I-C-K”) to expedite management of occupational bloodborne pathogen exposures at an academic medical center: A Process Improvement Initiative

Previously, blood and body fluid exposures were managed by a visit to the University Employee Health Clinic during normal business hours and the Emergency Department after hours. We implemented the "S-T-I-C-K" program where health care personnel were evaluated immediately after exposure by a nurse-driven 24/7 hotline. Increasing accessibility to care and a simplified process for exposure management led to a significant decrease in Emergency Department utilization and time between the exposure and receipt of post-exposure prophylaxis.

Minimalna zarada - pravilo umesto izuzetka na tržištu rada

The issue of the minimum wage has been attracting attention for many years, not only from experts, but also from the general public. Determining the minimum wage in every country, including Serbia, aims to establish minimum standards for personal income and combat poverty. The basic feature of the minimum wage is that it is a temporary measure, lasting up to 6 months, as a response to an employer's poor financial performance, and as such it represents an extraordinary measure, which should be abolished upon returning to the normal economic conditions. Upon resuming normal business operations, the employer is required to compensate employees for the shortfall, ensuring they receive their contracted salary in full. However, instead of the minimum wage being an exception, used only in extraordinary circumstances, it has now become commonplace in the labor market, challenging the original concept of the minimum wage and raising questions about its effectiveness. This paper aims to examine the concept of wage and minimum wage in Serbia, along with its practical implications in the domestic labor market.

How do economic policy uncertainty and leverage impact firm-level cash holding distribution of housing companies in an emerging economy? A quantile regression approach

PurposeHigh economic policy uncertainty forces firms to accumulate a higher level of cash than during normal business periods. However, it is not evident that economic policy uncertainty has a homogeneous impact across cash-holding distributions. This paper aims to study the impact of economic policy uncertainty, leverage and their interaction on cash-holding distributions.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a quantile regression approach to examine the influence of economic policy uncertainty and firm leverage on firm-level cash-holding distributions. To investigate the influence across quantiles, the author estimated 19 quantiles between 0.05 and 0.95.FindingsThis study finds that both economic policy uncertainty and firm leverage significantly affect firm-level cash-holding distributions heterogeneously. But, the impact of the interaction of these two variables is significant only for firms placed in the 60th to 85th quantiles of cash holding distribution.Originality/valueThe study adds to the existing knowledge of determinants of firm-level cash holdings but takes exogenous variables as economic policy uncertainty. The paper builds on a unique sample setting wherein, the cash holdings of all nonfinancial firms have increased many folds, including housing companies in an emerging economy.

Heritage as businesses: COVID-19 disruptions to Texas museums, heritage sites, parks, and protected places, and their responses to evolving guidance

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted business services across all industries. Conflicting policies at the federal, state, and local levels further compounded business entities' delivery of services. One business often understudied in disasters is museums, heritage sites, parks, and protected places. While these entities carry the hallmarks of business, including business models, operating frameworks, and strategies for profitability, they also serve their own missions to educate while preserving and conserving cultural and environmental resources. In this study, we examine the impact during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on Texas museums, heritage sites, parks, and protected places with a focus on the evolving, and often conflicting, government policies. Texas serves as an important case study because it was one of the first states to resume normal business operations under state mandates. We identify through surveys and interviews that the ability of museums, heritage sites, parks, and protected places to adjust to the pandemic were temporally dynamic and highly contingent on sustained revenue streams, COVID-19 restrictions, and outdoor versus indoor programmatic offerings. Specifically, conflicting guidance from different government entities resulted in study participants' concerns related to safety and their lack of choice in removing disease mitigation measures. We also found that earlier crises prepared many entities to survive during the first year of the pandemic and that these entities' return to operations reflect the stages of disaster and crisis recovery. Our findings provide useful information for museums, heritage sites, parks, and protected places to develop disaster risk reduction strategies for future events.

An AI-Based Medical Chatbot

This medical chatbot has the potential help by allowing patients to receive. Support without having to physically visit the hospital for this process we use. Hence artificial intelligence -based application for the needed treatment. This chatbot works like virtual doctor based on NLP to provide primary healthcare, education information and Suggestion to the user. These medical chatbots connect with potential patient visiting the web app. helping them discover Specialist, booking the appointments & getting them access to correct treatment. This Medical chatbot model Uses Natural language processing technique to process & analyse the data & the medical chatbot give output related health issues and to prevent the disease in appropriate manner to the user. The main goal of medical chatbot project is to appearance how we can to briefly promote chatbots in the medical sector & infectious diseases. Medical chatbots are designed to assist patients and avoid issues that may arises during daily life and normal business hours, and with 24/7 accessability patient have immediate access to medical chatbot assistance whenever they need.

Afterhours telehealth in Australian residential aged care facilities: a mixed methods evaluation

BackgroundThe aged care system in Australia is under pressure. Residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and general practitioners (GPs) have difficulty providing the care needed by their residents, particularly after hours. Many residents are given ambulance support and transferred to hospital emergency departments (EDs) for care that could be provided at RACFs. The MyEmergencyDoctor (MED) service was commissioned in a 12-month program (February 2020-February 2021) using ED physicians to provide afterhours telehealth care in six RACFs.MethodsUsing the NASSS framework, we synthesised descriptive analyses of statistical data from the MED service, RACFs and the ambulance service and a thematic analysis of interview data collected from GPs, RACF and MED service staff, and family members of residents.ResultsMost calls to MED (179/209) were resolved with in-house treatment thereby reducing ambulance usage and hospital admissions. Interviews further revealed that MED enabled timely care for residents who were unwell but did not need hospital transfer. Technology, training, and rapid access to MED assisted RACF staff and complemented usual GP care. MED potentially reduced GP burnout. Refresher training was considered important especially in RACFs with high staff turnover, as was greater afterhours access to medications.ConclusionsThe afterhours telehealth model provided in-house care and reduced ambulance transfers, and GPs and RACF staff generally felt supported. The service was easy to use and fostered good communications with GPs and RACF staff. Some GPs preferred to provide their own care, commenting on the need for a good understanding of patient and family needs and of the local context. Other stakeholders suggested this model could be extended to palliative care settings and to normal business hours when GPs were unavailable. The reduced ambulance and hospital use suggested benefits to wider health systems, however policies and funding that remunerate GPs, support community-based care and provide additional staffing in RACFs are needed to sustain afterhours telehealth in RACFs. Use of the NASSS (non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability) Framework provided a valuable explanatory lens for our analyses.

A Hybrid Model to Explore the Barriers to Enterprise Energy Storage System Adoption

Using green energy is an important way for businesses to achieve their ESG goals and ensure sustainable operations. Currently, however, green energy is not a stable source of power, and this instability poses certain risks to normal business operations and manufacturing processes. The installation of energy storage equipment has become an indispensable accompaniment to facilitating green energy use for an enterprise. However, businesses may encounter significant barriers during the process of installing energy storage equipment. This study aims to explore and discern the key barrier factors that influence the assessment and decision-making process of installing energy storage equipment. A hybrid approach combining the Decision-making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is developed to explore the causality relationships and degrees of influence among these key factors. The Z-number and Rough Dombi Weighted Geometric Averaging (RDWGA) methods are also utilized to integrate the experts’ varied opinions and uncertain judgements. Finally, recommendations are provided based on the results to assist businesses to make informed decisions while evaluating the installation of energy storage equipment, to ensure a stable and uninterrupted supply of green energy for use in normal operations.

Enhancing Data Protection and Compliance through Cloud Security Solutions

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks. It provides measures to combat threats against networked systems and applications that attempt to access, change, or destroy data, extort money from users or the organization, or aim to disrupt normal business operations. With recent breaches and technological attacks, maintaining cloud security has become the foremost concern for businesses worldwide.

VALIDASI MODEL BISNIS USAHA MIKRO PADA INDUSTRI PERJALANAN WISATA (STUDI KASUS: ARJUNA TRAVEL CORNER DI KABUPATEN GARUT

Indonesia's economic situation after the Covid pandemic is experiencing recovery with a slow increase in sales of small business products. One type of travel business that almost went bankrupt due to the absence of income during the pandemic has also started to carry out its business activities. This increase in activity is in line with government policies that have allowed normal business activities. However, in this post-pandemic situation, many things must be adjusted by business actors in the field of travel because people's travel needs may experience significant changes. This research aims to test innovations that will be carried out in the travel business model. This trial is essential to improve business continuity in the post-pandemic period. This research strategy uses a case study in Arjuna Travel Corner. The qualitative research approach uses data collection techniques with interviews and observations. The results showed that the new business model implemented by Arjuna Travel Corner has been valid, following the wants and needs of consumers. This research can be used as a reference for further research related to this field. Practitioners of this research are expected to be input for decision-making in carrying out business model innovations on related objects.

The long shadow beyond lockdown: Board chairs’ professional pandemic experiences and corporate investments

This study performs empirical tests to show several behavioral patterns in managerial decision-making using Chinese data. Based on the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, caused by the same family of viruses as COVID-19, we show that firms with board chairs that experienced SARS during their tenure as senior executives invested less in subsequent periods. This effect is evident for board chairs that personally experienced the pandemic and those who prominently perceived their neighbor's operating distress during the SARS outbreak. The impact persists and is amplified by other negative shocks, such as infectious diseases and economic uncertainty, which supports the validity of stimulus generalization theory in corporate finance. Firms with board chairs that experienced SARS invested even less during the COVID-19 pandemic but performed relatively better during this same period than during normal business operations. However, the benefit was somewhat smaller than the overall loss. This study supports the finding that the long-lasting impact of pandemic-induced operating distress can distort the real economy. Our findings have meaningful implications for assessing the long-term economic effects of COVID-19.

Имущественные и неимущественные риски в системе российского корпоративного управления

Introduction. Corporations today are the basis of any state’s economy, and within the framework of corporate governance, key strategic decisions are made that determine the fate of corporations. Accordingly, the problem of corporate governance risk management is one of the key economic problems, as it affects the interests of not only the participants of corporate relations, but also a huge number of economic agents. Theoretical analysis. The article presents the views of Russian scientists on the characteristics and classification of corporate governance risks, defines the property and non-property risks of corporate governance, considers the causes of their occurrence, as well as the mechanisms of influence on the corporation, its participants, creditors, public law entities. Also, a distinction is made between the objectively existing normal business risk and the predominantly subjective risks of corporate governance. Empirical analysis. Based on statistical data on bringing controlling persons to subsidiary liability, it is shown that the number of bankruptcies of Russian companies due to the manifestation of corporate governance risks is steadily growing. Results. The author’s typology of corporate governance risks, characterized by their relationship and interdependence is developed. Property and non-property risks of corporate governance are identified, the impact of which on the activities of Russian corporations is currently the most significant. Among them are those to which it is possible to adapt in the modern conditions of doing business. It is concluded that in the process of managing corporate risks based on the use of corporate law institutions existing in Russia and their combinations, it is impossible to nullify completely the occurrence and manifestation of the risks in question. Nevertheless, to ensure the necessary mutual control of the corporate relations subjects, limiting their ability to act in bad faith and unreasonably to the detriment of the company, is quite an achievable task.

Earnings management practices of the lodging industry: Diverging behaviors of lodging real estate investment trusts and lodging C-corps

In an attempt to manage earnings upward, firm managers commonly deviate from normal business activities (i.e., real earnings management) and misrepresent accruals on financial reports (i.e., accrual earnings management). The current study aimed to demonstrate that due to the financial and regulatory uniqueness of lodging real estate investment trusts (REITs), lodging REITs diverge from lodging C-corporations (C-corps) in their earnings management behavior. Specifically, drawing on signaling theory and precautionary motive theory, the current study showed that compared to lodging C-corps, lodging REITs are less likely to engage in accrual earnings management but more actively conduct real earnings management. Furthermore, the deterrent impact of cash holdings on real earnings management using unusually low discretionary expenditures was found to be weaker for lodging REITs than for lodging C-corps. The findings of the current study will enhance stakeholders’ understanding of lodging firms’ earnings management behavior by shedding light on the different business types in the lodging industry.

Implementation of the Principle of Business Judgement Rule Doctrine to State-Owned Companies as an Effort to Protect Directors in Good Faith

<p><em>The Business Judgement Rule is a doctrine that protects Directors in good faith for the Company's losses. The point is that as long as the Board of Directors acts in good faith and solely for the Company's benefit. However, it turns out that the Company still suffers losses. It does not necessarily become the burden of the Board of Directors personal responsibility. Therefore, the Board of Directors cannot be held responsible for the Company's losses if the Board of Directors, in carrying out actions, has fulfilled all its obligations with the principles of good corporate Governance (GCG). If all GCG obligations and principles have been fulfilled, the Board of Directors is categorized as having good faith and cannot be declared wrong. The results of the author's study, in the context of the Business Judgment Rule Doctrine, the losses incurred are normal or reasonable business losses, and therefore the Company is responsible. And no one can be punished if there is no mistake. With the background of the Constitutional Court Decision Number </em><em>0</em><em>1/PHPUPres/XVII/2</em><em>0</em><em>19 (Constitutional Court Decision </em><em>0</em><em>1) and two Supreme Court Decisions, the author tries to examine in more detail related to Decision No. 3849/K/Pid.Sus/2</em><em>0</em><em>19 dated December 2, 2</em><em>0</em><em>19, on behalf of Defendant Frederick ST Siahaan (former Finance Director of Pertamina) / (Supreme Court Decision 3849) and Decision No. 121K/Pid.Sus/2</em><em>0</em><em>2</em><em>0</em><em> dated March 9, 2</em><em>020</em><em>, on behalf of Defendant Karen Agustiawan (former President Director of Pertamina)</em><em>.</em></p>

Risk Assessment of MSME Credit Process Digitalization Program of PT Bank XYZ West Sumatra Region

The economic development of Micro, Small Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) cannot be separated from the real performance faced by most businesses, especially micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. The most prominent is the low level of productivity, added value, and product quality. Despite this, MSMEs provide employment for the majority of Indonesians. The contribution of MSMEs in national output is still categorized as low. The factor that causes the low contribution of MSMEs in producing low output of goods and services is the type of decision-making that is fast and does not consider other factors at a later date. The decision-making of MSME entrepreneurs who use intuition rather than normal business calculations results in decisions being made quickly and the execution of these decisions takes a short time. In order to build the excellence of MSMEs by providing additional capital that is the right amount and the right use, PT Bank XYZ developed a digital credit analysis that provides a comprehensive and thorough credit analysis, one of which is to reduce the risk of default. The research aims to Analyze the risk of AAKD in the speed of microcredit analysis, Analyze AAKD on the accuracy of PKM microcredit analysis and Formulate policies to be able to improve the AAKD system. Data analysis using House of Risk which consists of House of Risk stage 1 and stage 2. The results showed that in the first stage of the house of risk there were 30 causes of risk, and three dominant risks were obtained, namely errors in granting credit, credit process errors and cost changes. After obtaining the dominant risk causative agent, the second stage of the House of Risk is carried out, namely mitigation steps. Mitigation steps that can be taken by Bank XYZ in order, namely Improving communication both internally and externally, creating a regular HR education schedule, Consistent in the implementation of education, Increased supervision in monitoring HR performance, especially the credit section, Evaluating the work of the credit section and related sections and Preventive errors in the submission and credit process. Keywords: MSMEs, Bank XYZ, House of Risk, AAKD, Risk Management, Mitigation

Emotional and cultural intelligences: a comparative analysis between the United States of America and Romania

Abstract Cultural intelligence (CQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) represent key competencies of multicultural leadership in the new normal global business environment. This paper aims to present a comparative quantitative study concerning emotional and cultural intelligences in USA and Romania, backed by a brief geo-linked bibliometric literature review. The bibliometric analysis is performed with VOSviewer for the works focusing on these two variables published in USA and, respectively, in Romania. Inspired by the findings of this comparative analysis, it is performed a quantitative research based on 604 questionnaires distributed to managers in USA and in Romania, and on statistical processing using SPSS software. The statistical results show that both CQ and EQ constitute significant vectors in developing multicultural leadership and organizational performance in a multicultural business environment for both USA and Romania. The comparative study reveals a higher level of CQ and EQ in the Romanian business environment than in USA. The difference could be explained by the focus on rationality and profit maximization in the American business education. The contribution of the paper comes from these findings and they can help researchers and practitioners to stimulate their efforts in improving CQ and EQ competences.

S pecific Features of Proving of Normal Business Activities in Competitive Contestation of Significantly Delayed Payments

S pecific Features of Proving of Normal Business Activities in Competitive Contestation of Significantly Delayed Payments