Norfloxacin In Urine Research Articles

Novel voltammetric detection of norfloxacin in urine and blood serum using a flexible Ni foam based Ni-Co-MOF ultrathin nanosheets derived from Ni-Co-LDH

Trace level valuation of analytes by the costless method is a thriving force to construct a viable sensor. Here, the proposed norfloxacin (NFC) sensor has been developed electrochemically using nickel-cobalt metal-organic frameworks (Ni-Co-MOF) nickel foam (NF). Here, a sphere-like structure assembled with nanosheets of Ni-Co-MOF NF was obtained by a simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis. Then, to obtain ultrathin nanosheets of Ni-Co-MOF NF by immersing the obtained NF in DMF. The formation of ultrathin nanosheets was confirmed and explained by physical characterization like XRD, SEM and RAMAN studies. The prepared Ni-Co-MOF was further used to analyze the electrochemical oxidation of NFC using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry method with a working potential 0 to 1.25 V. Acquired DPV results at Ni-Co-MOF NF showed a respectable linear range of 0 To 69 μM, lower LOD of 0.02229 and 0.0944 μM, the higher sensitivity of 9.4 and 38.74 μA/μmol/L and reproducibility. Also, fabricated Ni-Co-MOF NF was additionally used to determine the commercially available norfloxacin tablet in urine and blood serum samples with satisfactory results.

A highly sensitive label-free amperometric biosensor for norfloxacin detection based on chitosan-yttria nanocomposite

Here, non-invasive and label-free detection of trace-level of norfloxacin (NF) in human urine samples has been reported using the electrochemical technique. Nanostructured yttrium oxide (nY2O3) was synthesized at low-temperature using a one-step hydrothermal process. These nY2O3 were characterized by various methods including XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM. A biosensing platform based on nY2O3 modified with chitosan (CH) was fabricated for the detection of NF. The nanocomposite film (CH-Y2O3/ITO) was characterized by FE-SEM, contact angle measurements, and electrochemical techniques. Further, fluoroquinolones antibodies (anti-FQ) were used to modify the CH-Y2O3/ITO electrode via covalent interaction. Non-specific sites were blocked by bovine serum albumin (BSA), those present on the anti-FQ/CH-Y2O3/ITO electrode surface. The response study of BSA/anti-FQ/CH-Y2O3/ITO bioelectrode towards NF detection revealed a wide range (1 pM-10 μM) with a lower detection limit of 3.87 pM using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensitivity obtained is as high as 10.14 μA μM−1 cm2 with a fast response time of ~10 min. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of the fabricated sensor was evaluated to detect NF in urine spiked sample. The recovery of NF from the spiked sample was observed from 90.5 to 101.1%, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 7.04. The obtained results of the fabricated bioelectrode (BSA/anti-FQ/CH-Y2O3/ITO) was validated with ELISA. The results were found better when compared with earlier described biosensors and commercially existing ELISA in terms of sensitivity and lower detection limit.

Determination of norfloxacin in urine and pharmaceutical samples using terbium doped zinc sulphide nanomaterials-sensitized fluorescence method.

Highly crystalline polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated Tb3+ doped ZnS nanoparticles have been synthesized and successfully used for norfloxacin sensing. The crystallographic and morphological analyses of PEG coated Tb3+ doped ZnS nanoparticles were performed by X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The confirmation of Tb3+ doping in ZnS host matrix was done by emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the interaction of norfloxacin with PEG coated Tb3+ doped ZnS nanomaterials was confirmed by optical analysis: spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorimetrically. Norfloxacin sensing was measured by luminescence intensity which increased with increase in concentration of norfloxacin in range from 2.0 × 10-9-8.0 × 10-7 mol L-1, with its correlation coefficient 0.9991. The detection limit of proposed method was 0.05 × 10-9 mol L-1. The developed luminescence method was successfully applied for the determination of norfloxacin using PEG coated Tb3+ doped ZnS nanoparticles in urine and pharmaceutical samples.

Direct determination of antibacterial norfloxacin in urine by isopotential fluorimetry

A novel and simple method is presented for the determination of norfloxacin in human urine by matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (MISF). This method is useful for the determination of compounds in samples with unknown background fluorescence, such as norfloxacin in urine, without the need for tedious sample pre-treatment. The method was performed in ethanol-water medium (10% v/v), at an apparent pH of 4.8 provided by adding sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution. In the determination of norfloxacin in urine the fluorescent intensity varied linearly with its concentration from 20 to 200 ng/mL. An exhaustive statistical analysis has been developed to all calibration graphs, this treatment includes robust regression such as least median of squares, which also detects outliers and leverage points. The overall least-squares regression has been applied to find the more exact straight line that fits the experimental data. The error propagation has been considered to calculate the detection limit and the repeatability of the method. The method shows very low detection limits with acceptable recoveries and precisions. The applicability of the proposed method was illustrated in the determination of norfloxacin in human urine sample without sample pre-treatment.

Moving interaction boundary electrophoresis and its selective focusing of target guest molecule norfloxacin in urine by a cyclodextrin host

In this paper, a moving interaction boundary (MIB) method was developed using a guest compound and a host molecule of cyclodextrin (CD) in capillary electrophoresis (CE). With norfloxacin (Nor) as the model guest compound, experiments were carried out and the results revealed that (1) the MIB method can be designed as a tool for focusing target guest molecules in complex biological samples (e.g., urine); (2) the focusing is highly selective; (3) compared with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), a 143-fold sensitivity increase, in terms of the peak height, can be achieved and (4) moreover, the actual application of this MIB-based focusing method for the analysis of a complex biological sample (e.g. urine spiked with Nor), containing numerous metabolites, was carried out. The concept of MIB and its selective focusing has potential significance toward host–guest interaction and separation science.

Direct Determination of Antibacterial Norfloxacin in Urine by Isopotential Fluorimetry

Direct Determination of Antibacterial Norfloxacin in Urine by Isopotential Fluorimetry

Determination of norfloxacin using a terbium‐sensitized electrogenerated chemiluminescence method

A simple electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) analysis method for the determination of norfloxacin (NFLX) is reported. It is based on ECL produced by Na(2)SO(3), which is sensitized by the Tb-NFLX complex. The relative ECL intensity of the Tb(3+)-NFLX-Na(2)SO(3) system is proportional to the amount of NFLX. The optimized experimental conditions were investigated. The linear range and detection limit for NFLX were 1.0 x 10(-10)-8.0 x 10(-7) mol/L and 2.8 x 10(-11) mol/L, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of NFLX in a capsule. NFLX in urine can be directly detected without pretreatment or separation.

Determination of norfloxacin in real samples by different spectrofluorimetric techniques.

Simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of norfloxacin are described. The methods are based on the reaction of this drug with aluminium(III) ion to form a strongly fluorescent complex. Fluorescence properties of the AlIII-norfloxacin complex were used for the determination of this drug in pharmaceutical preparations. First-derivative constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry was used for the determination of norfloxacin in the presence of nalidixic acid. The determination of norfloxacin in urine without the need of tedious pre-separation was achieved by using zero-crossing second-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.

Bactericidal effects of norfloxacin towards bacteria in urine.

Norfloxacin produced a reliably bactericidal effect at concentrations from 3 to 90 mg/l against urine pathogens suspended in human urine. These included Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococci. Resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated on two occasions (out of 33 experiments). At high concentrations (c. 90 mg/l) the activity was less but this was probably due to the need for a low pH to dissolve the antibiotic. The pH for optimum activity of norfloxacin in urine was 7.5 to 8.0. Human blood had little effect on the bactericidal activity. Compared to other antibiotics, the rate of killing of cultures in urine was second only to gentamicin.

High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of norfloxacin in urine, serum and tissues

High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of norfloxacin in urine, serum and tissues