Nordic Body Map Questionnaire Research Articles

Work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in gas station operators in Pontianak city, Indonesia

This study analyzes the relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in gas station operators in Pontianak City. This study used with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 150 gas station workers. Data collection was carried out by observing and interviewing. Respondents characteristics were recorded through interviews using a questionnaire. Data on work fatigue were obtained by interviews using the IFRC questionnaire and musculoskeletal data using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire. The study results show that 50% of workers experience a high level of work fatigue, and 26% of workers experience severe musculoskeletal disorders. There is a significant relationship between work fatigue and musculoskeletal diseases (p = 0.001). The study established the need for intervention as a preventive measure by providing sufficient rest time, stretching, setting work shifts, improving ergonomic work positions for gas station operators, and controlling the work environment through environmental improvement and monitoring and using personal protective equipment.

The Relationship Between Working Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Waste Pickers at Blondo Landfill

Abstract Background: Blondo landfill serves as a final processing site for waste and also a source of livelihood for scavengers. Scavengers are workers who are at risk of musculoskeletal disoders (MSDs) complaints due to heavy, repetitive physical work and poor work postures due to bending. During waste collection and sorting, waste pickers perform repetitive movements with non-ergonomic postures, away from the ideal body position. Based on data from Puskesmas Bawen, 45% of 73 waste pickers experienced muscle and joint pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between working posture and complaints of musculoskeletal disorders.Methods: This study was an observational analytic research in a cross sectional design. The population in this study were Blondo landfill waste pickers. The subjects were 65 waste pickers who were chosen through purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through interviews using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, digital camera and REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) sheet. Data analysis were conducted using Spearman rank tests.Results: The results showed that of the 65 waste pickers, the majority were female (53.3%), aged > 35 years (93.8%), had a working period of more than 5 years (61.5%), and normal nutritional status (56.9%). Scavengers who have moderate risk work posture (81.5%) and moderate musculoskeletal disorders (84.6%). There was a positive correlation between working posture and MSDs with a moderate level (ρ=0.593; p=0.0001).Conclusion: Work postures that are formed away from the body's gravity which if done continuously and for a long period of time among waste pickers resulted in musculoskeletal disorders.

Ergonomic Factors Which Affect the Work Productivity of Clove Flower Harvesters

The height of the cloves at which they begin to flower, which is about 20 meters, is a factor that affects the clove harvesting procedure. This means that collecting cloves at height necessitates using tools that ensure worker safety. The agricultural industry is susceptible to ergonomic work risks resulting from several elements, such as worker characteristics, job demands and procedures, work organization, and environmental conditions. It is necessary to prioritize people as the critical consideration in defining work or human-centered design to manage ergonomic risks. This research analyzes the risk facts for clove flower pickers with a comprehensive method covering task, organization, and environment. This study was conducted during the clove flower harvest season from July to September 2023 at the plantation in Munduk Village-Bali, with 107 participants. Data on ergonomic hazards from internal and external factors before and after work were collected from MSDs and predicted using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire; fatigue was measured using the Core questionnaire Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ- C30), rating pulses were measured using a pulse meter. The data obtained were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model). Significant differences were p < 0.05. The results of the research show that internal factors, particularly age, exert a negative influence on productivity. External factors, including body posture, time conditions, social conditions, information conditions, and human-tool interactions, significantly influenced productivity. This highlighted the importance of optimizing the "human-machine-environment" system to enhance safety, efficiency, and overall well-being.

Prevalence study of musculoskeletal disorders among bank workers

Background: A formal worker is anyone who works for a business entity that has been registered at a government office. Those who work in the formal sector are identical to office work, with long duration of work, tend to be in a static position, and there are repetitive movements, thereby increasing the potential of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). This can interfere with work productivity and work outcomes expected of formal sector workers. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional approach with purposive sampling technique. Data was collected in June 2022 using a personal data questionnaire and the Nordic body map (NBM) questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data using IBM SPSS 26 software. Results: Musculoskeletal complaints were found in the upper neck 8.8%, lower neck 6.8%, left shoulder 6.8%, right shoulder 5.4%, back 7.3% and waist 8.3%. Twelve people experienced moderate pain in the waist, 7 people experienced pain in the upper neck, and 2 people experienced very painful feeling in the waist. There were 35 respondents have a low MSD risk level 87.5% and 5 respondents have a moderate MSD risk level 12.5%. Conclusion: The respondents mostly had complaints around the upper neck, lower neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, back, and waist. There were risks of MSD in formal sector workers of risk of the MSD complaints experienced is predominantly low. The ergonomics approach can be applied to respondents with a higher level of risk. Keywords: Formal worker, musculoskeletal disorder, nordic body map, posture

EVALUATION OF WORK POSTURE USING THE CTD RISK INDEX METHOD TO REDUCE THE RISK OF MUSCLE INJURY IN THE BATIK CAP INDUSTRY

Making stamped batik goes through 5 stages, namely tasting, dyeing color, removing hot and cold tubs, and drying. This process takes place repeatedly for a long time, causing workers to potentially experience musculoskeletal complaints and the risk of Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether batik Nilo Tirto workers were at risk for developing CTDs or not. This research was conducted by using a method to determine the level of worker complaints with a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. After knowing each class of worker complaints, the CTDs Risk Index method is used to determine the risk score for muscle injury in workers. If the score is > 1, it is relatively unsafe, so it needs improvement. The 2 most significant scores on the CTDs Risk Index worksheet will be analyzed further to determine the risk factors for musculoskeletal use using the PLIBEL Checklist. The results obtained are, there are 2 workstations that have the highest score on the CTDs Risk Index, namely color dyeing and cold bathing. This is caused by awkward body postures when working, repetitive movements, and poor workstation conditions, so the repair needs to be done. The results of this study can be used for improvements to the workstation for dyeing color and cold tubing in the form of design proposals and the work postures of the two workers.

Analysis of Musculoskeletal Complaints and Work Fatigue in Dental Assistants

Dental assistants are one of the health workers who have the potential to experience musculoskeletal complaints and work fatigue due to repetitive and monotonous work in a sitting position. This study aims to determine musculoskeletal complaints and work fatigue experienced by dental assistants. This research is descriptive qualitative research, in which musculoskeletal complaints were evaluated from the results of the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire while work fatigue was evaluated from the results of the 30 item of rating scale questionnaire. This research was conducted at dental hospital XX, Denpasar, the number of respondents in this study were 20 dental assistant who were administratively recorded as serving at dental hospital XX, Denpasar. The research was conducted in April 2022. Respondents were asked to provide an assessment of the part of their body that felt sick during work activities. Based on the results of descriptive analysis showed that out of 20 respondents, 13 people (65%) had moderate musculoskeletal complaints, 5 people (25%) had high musculoskeletal complaints and 2 people (10%) had very high musculoskeletal complaints. The results of the study on the fatigue aspect showed that 16 people (80%) experienced moderate fatigue, 3 people (15%) experienced high fatigue and 1 person (5%) experienced very high fatigue. The conclusion in this study showed that musculoskeletal complaints and work fatigue due to repetitive and monotonous work in a sitting position to increase work stress factors.

Corelation Between Driving Position and Other Factor to Musculoskeletal Complaints with Reba in Online Taxibike Drivers in West Jakarta 2021

Poor posture is the main cause of Musculoskeletal Disorders, MSDs in motorcyclists can affect daily activities, reduce work efficiency and productivity, increase the risk of work accidents and long-term illness. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between driving position and musculoskeletal disorders with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment hoping that the complaints can be minimized or prevented. Research data collection took place in December 2021. Research participants were online taxibike drivers in West Jakarta who were still actively working in 2021. Demographic data and riding position were obtained through the Nordic Body Map questionnaire and online questionnaire via Google Form. For the riding position, respondents were asked to ride the motorbike they used for work and were photographed by the researcher, and calculated using the REBA calculator software. The statistical test showed a value of P: 0.682 (p> 0.05) which indicated that there was no significant relationship between riding position and musculoskeletal complaints among online motorcycle drivers in West Jakarta in 2021. Even though there was no relationship between riding position and musculoskeletal complaints, to reduce the increased risk of MSDs, riders can make the best use of their rest time outside of work hours or before work by doing small sports or stretching to stretch tense muscles and reduce the accumulation of lactic acid.

Design of Lifting Tool and Pressing Table at Tofu Factory X Considering to the Operator's Work Posture

The X Tofu Factory on of tofu factory located in Sumedang City. Based on the results of an interview with the owner of the X Tofu Factory, Owner stated that there were several problems that occurred at the X Tofu Factory. The main problem that occurs is the frequent occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorder complaints caused by poor work posture and inadequate physical facilities. The purpose of this study was to design work aids to be used to lifting load at grinding work stations and posture when work at pressing station. Theories are used include design thinking for the design of work aids at milling work stations, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to determine the risk score of work postures, Wisha Lifting Calculator (WLC) to determine the limiting index of lifting activities, and anthropometry for designing physical facilities in the form of a tofu moulding table. Data collection was carried out in the tofu production area by taking tool size data, the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, and actual anthropometric data. From the results of data processing and analysis of the problems above, the researchers proposed work aids to reduce REBA and Wisha scores, and physical facilities that were adjustable in height operator's anthropometric data.

Redesign the Wood Cutting Saw to Be More Ergonomic Using The TRIZ Method

A cutting saw is one of the tools used to cut wood material. In this regard, the cutting saw still has shortcomings in its application. Several testing methods were conducted to analyze the failures of cutting saws circulating in the community, including the Nordic body map questionnaire. After checking directly, there are complaints of pain when using a cutting saw, especially on the right hand. For this reason, it is necessary to redesign it as a consideration later expected to improve the shortcomings in the current cutting saw. Several methods are used in this redesign, including TRIZ, OWAS, and anthropometry. TRIZ is a method used in the development of a design. This method's concept leads to solutions to the problem of contradictions that occur and leads to innovative solutions that have been tested with 100% success. After obtaining the function or attributes of the product, the next stage is to improve the user's posture so that the cutting saw tool can be used optimally and can initiate. The OWAS method corrects the postural position used in cutting saws. The specification of the handsaw product design based on the processing of the voice of the customer using a tree analysis diagram is that the features are reducing fatigue levels and being able to cut quickly, as well as for reliability, namely the handle with anti-slip qualities.

Work Posture and Smoking Habits in Relation to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) Complaints Among Construction Workers at Dewi Sinta Residence Housing Project, Gunung Kidul Regency

Inadequate ergonomic conditions at work can lead to the development of muscle and skeletal ailments, such as Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The construction sector, for instance, is a common setting where these MSDs occur due to non-ergonomic practices. Several factors, including work posture and smoking habits, play a role in influencing the onset of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Construction workers may experience MSDs as a consequence of unfavorable work postures that lack ergonomic considerations. The aim of this investigation is to explore the interconnections between work posture, smoking habits, and complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) among the construction workers at the Dewi Sinta Residence housing project in Gunung Kidul Regency.This study employs a cross-sectional quantitative approach and was conducted at the Dewi Sinta Residence housing project in Gunung Kidul Regency, involving 60 participants. Data collection utilized the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and the REBA worksheet. Data analysis involved univariate and bivariate analyses as well as the Chi-Square statistical test. The research findings indicate that work posture (p value = 0.00 < 0.05) and smoking habits (p value = 0.003 < 0.05) are associated with complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs).This study reveals a significant correlation between work posture and smoking habits and the occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), they should do short stretching to reduce the pain complained.

Analysis of The Use of 12 Kg LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) Conveyance to Complaints of Household Workers

Manual conveyance is the work of transporting material carried out by workers to move material from an origin location to a destination location. The purpose of the study was to overcome the complaints experienced by housewives in the process of transporting 12kg LPG. The research was conducted using a two-period cross over design method. Musculoskeletal complaints experienced by housewives on the back, waist, knees and calves. Musculoskeletal complaints were measured using a Nordic Body Map questionnaire with a Likert scale, the data obtained were tested with independent t-test and t-pair. The results of the analysis showed that the use of 12 kg LPG conveyance could reduce musculoskeletal complaints from an average of 80.1 to 70 or decreased by 12.6%. It was concluded that the use of 12 kg LPG conveyance could reduce musculoskeletal complaints in housewives. It is recommended for those over 30 years of age to lift and carry heavy loads to use assistive devices.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among farmers in Pancasari Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency: a preliminary study

Background: Farmers are professionals who work actively in processing agricultural land. Farmers use physical strength to carry out all agricultural land activities, from seedling to harvesting. The daily work of farmers with high frequency in the long term can increase the risk of musculoskeletal systems called musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: This study used analytic descriptive research with data collection techniques in the cross-sectional study. Data was collected in May 2022 using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and interviews. The analysis method used the univariate software IBM SPSS Statistics 26 to describe the characteristics of the variables. Results: Complaints experienced by research respondents with a score of 2 participated in the lower neck area (37.5%), right calf (35%), a score of 3 experienced in the waist area (22.5%), left knee and right knee (20%), a score of 4 was experienced in the waist area (35.5%). Respondents reported the risk of musculoskeletal issues, with 32 people in the low category and 8 in the medium category. Conclusion: According to the questionnaire responses, the most common complaints were with the lower back, knees, lower neck, and shoulders. Musculoskeletal diseases are mainly in the low-risk category among farmers.

Risk Factors Of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Among ProductionWorkers In Bandung City, Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Indonesia in 2020 based on diagnoses made by health workers is 11.9% and based on diagnosis or symptoms is 24.7%. The results of a preliminary study of 5 workers using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire showed that 100% of workers experienced MSDs complaints. The purpose of this study was to determine various factors associated with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers in the production division of PT. X in Bandung City. Methods: This study is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. There were 64 workers selected as sample, using a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument utilized a Nordic body map questionnaire. Chi-square was used as a bivariate test. Results: There is a relationship between age and MSDs complaints (p-value = 0.000), years of service (p-value = 0.000), and work posture (p-value = 0.042). There is no relationship between smoking habits (p-value = 0.157), and body mass index (p-value =0.169) with complaints of MSDs. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a relationship between age, years of service, and work posture with complaints of MSDs. There is no relationship between smoking habits and body mass index with MSDs complaints. Preventive measures should be promoted among the factors workers to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, workers should be given time to stretch for ± 5 minutes at rest to relax the muscles again.

ERGONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) OPERATOR FINAL INSPECTION ON AUTMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN TANGERANG CITY

Ergonomics is very important to note so that work-related illnesses and accidents do not occur. Disturbances arising from ergonomics are Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), namely disorders of body structures such as muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, cartilage, bones, local blood circulation system. Ergonomics risks were identified using REBA and MSDs complaints using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire. Age, education, exercise habits, smoking habits, BMI, body posture and length of work are factors that can influence MSDs complaints. The aim of this research is to know the factors that influence MSDs complaints. Cross sectional study design with a sample of 231 using logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the ergonomic risk level was low 17,3%, medium 16,9% and high 65,8%. The prevalence of MSDs complaints is 65,8% felt by operators. Respondents aged > 35 years (42,9%), SMA/SMK and below (91,8%), do not have exercise habits 95,2%, smoke every day (59,3%), BMI is overweight (72,7%), risky posture (83,1%) and normal working hours (72,7%). There is a relationship between ergonomic risk, body posture and MSDs complaints. In conclusion, the dominant factor influencing MSDs complaints is body posture with OR 0,127. The research suggestion is to make improvements through the OHS control hierarchy such as equipping lifting equipment, re-designing conveyors for transporting tires, modifying racks to be non-level, socializing working safely and working with poster zones, making work procedures safe.

PENGARUH WORKPLACE STRETCHING EXERCISE TERHADAP KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a series of pain or discomfort that nursing students often complain about during online learning. One of the interventions that can reduce musculoskeletal complaints is Workplace Stretching Exercise (WSE). WSE is a series of active stretches that can be done at work. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of WSE on MSDs. This research is a pre-experimental study with one group pre-test post-test only design. The sample in this study amounted to 28 students who are members of one group using purposive sampling technique. Musculoskeletal complaints were measured using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. The type of complaint before the intervention was most often experienced by students was the right shoulder 78,6%. After the intervention was given, the most frequent complaint was the upper neck 53,6%. The mean score of MSDs before and after the intervention decreased from 51,00 to 39,25. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test statistical test at a significance level of 95% obtained p-value of 0,000. This shows that there is an effect of WSE on MSDs in nursing students at Udayana University.

HUBUNGAN RISIKO ERGONOMI DENGAN KELUHAN MUSCULOSCELETAL DISOREDER (MSDs) PADA KARYAWAN PT. INTIDRAGON SURYATAMA KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

Unnatural work attitude is a discrepancy between the dimensions of the tool and work station and body size. In a long time there will be an accumulation of complaints and ends in muscle injury. The research objective is to find out complaintsMusculosceletal Disorderbecause of the ergonomic attitude of workers at PT. Intidragon Suryatama. This research is studycross sectional, a semiquantitative approach. Primary data collection through direct observationon the spot field observations, taking photos or pictures, interviews using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire on 96 workers. From 96 respondents, 31 respondents worked in ergonomic positions and 65 respondents worked not ergonomically. Of the 65 respondents whose work position was not ergonomic, as many as 6 respondents (10%) workers complained of mild MSDs complaints, most of the 49 respondents (75%) had moderate MSDs complaints and as many as 10 respondents (15%) had high MSDs complaints. The company's Occupational Health and Safety always creates an ergonomic work environment, provides ergonomic seating for employees.

Factors Associated With Neck and Shoulder Pain Complaints In Computer Using Office Stafin Primary Health Center Deli Serdang

The development of science and technology is increasingly rapid, which is marked by the use of computers in every activity, one of which is office work. Continuous use of a computer while working can cause neck and shoulder pain. This study aims to explain the factors associated with complaints of neck and shoulder pain among computer users. Quantitative with an analytical survey approach using a cross-sectional research design is the focus used in this research. The sample in this study consisted of 31 people using a two-stage cluster random sampling technique. The research was conducted in the Deli Serdang Community Health Center Working Area. Data was collected using primary data using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire which was filled in by respondents and the RULA assessment sheet which was filled out by researchers. The results of data collection are processed using statistical software. Data were analyzed using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (?=5%). The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between work posture, intensity of computer use and length of work (p=0.000; 0.012; 0.012) with computer use. It is recommended that office staff who use computers should pay attention to work posture when doing work, using a chair. standards and stretches every 20 minutes after using the computer.

Pengukuran Beban Kerja Fisik Menggunakan Cardiovascular Load dan Evaluasi Postur Kerja untuk Mengurangi Keluhan Muskuloskeletal

CV Dwi Jasa Logam is a company engaged in metal casting. This company places employees in jobs that are heavy on physical exertion in the production process, causing employees to get a high workload. In addition, many employees are elderly, causing them to feel tired more quickly. Employees who are placed on the job, need a longer rest time. When working, employees do not pay attention to work posture while working, so that poor work posture can cause musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical workload of employees, analyze musculoskeletal disorders in employees and evaluate employees' poor work posture. The methods used are Cardiovascular Load (CVL), Nordic Body Map (NBM), Ovako Work Analysis System (OWAS). The CVL method is used to calculate physical workload, the NBM questionnaire is used to measure musculoskeletal disorders and identify musculoskeletal disorders and the OWAS method is a method used to assess body posture when working, which is related to body parts such as the back, arms, legs and heavy loads. Based on the results of data processing using the CVL method, there are 20 employees who have a moderate workload level and 10 employees who have a low workload level. Data processing using the NBM questionnaire shows that 8 employees have the highest score in the high risk category, while 22 employee’s other employees have moderate risk categories and data processing using the OWAS method for 8 employees gets category 2 and 3 results, namely improvements need to be made.

Addressing Ergonomics in Paddy Milling: Insights from RULA, Nordic Body Map, and Anthropometry

A majority of the rice milling process in Indonesia has been categorized as small and medium enterprises that rely heavily on human labor during their operations. Such activities put human operators at high ergonomic risks, particularly in relation to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to postural stress, repetitive exertions, and sustained or static exertions. Ignorance of these ergonomic risk factors is likely to cause permanent disabilities in the future. As such, this study aims to identify ergonomics risk factors in the milling rice process using both the subjective method by Nordic Body Map Questionnaire and the observation method through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The results show that all milling rice operators reported symptoms in their shoulders and low back pain. The final score of RULA was seven or very high risk, indicating that investigation and changes are required immediately. A redesign of the existing step ladder was proposed, developed by an anthropometry-based design approach. The proposed design is expected could reduce the score to 4 or medium risk level

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN POSTUR KERJA PADA AKTIVITAS MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING DI PT JMS BATAM

This study aims to analyze the risk level of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in workers who carry out Manual Material Handling (MMH) activities at PT JMS Batam. MMH is a manual transportation and material transfer activity using human labor. This study was conducted because MMH activities carried out repetitively often cause health complaints, especially in the skeletal muscles. The primary data collection method is carried out through observation, direct interviews with employees, documentation using mobile phone cameras, and the distribution of Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaires to identify complaints on workers' body parts. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method is used to assess the posture of workers during MMH activities. The results showed that Nordic Body Map analysis showed that all stevedoring workers had the potential to experience musculoskeletal disorder complaints, especially on the left shoulder, right shoulder, back, waist, and buttocks. Workers with scores above 70 are at high risk and need immediate improvement. Workers scoring 55-70 are at moderate risk and require consideration of future improvements. Analysis using the REBA method showed that material transfer has a high risk of trunk and upper arm posture, increasing the risk of injury and health problems.