Form Of Nonverbal Communication Research Articles

Exploring Convolutional Neural Networks for Facial Expression Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey

Facial emotion recognition is a very sought-after field in recent times as it has many important applications such as effective calculations, video game testing and motion capture in video games, human-computer interaction through machine vision, computer research etc. Facial expression is considered a nonverbal form of communication, as it reveals an individual's internal sentiments and emotional states through changes in multiple facial landmark points. Facial identification provides a more comprehensive insight into the person's thoughts and these expressions are analyzed using deep learning methods, such as CNN. The accuracy rates achieved are compared to other methods. In this paper, a concise exploration of diverse applications within Facial Expression Recognition (FER) fields and the publicly accessible data sets employed in FER studies is outlined. FER using multiple different CNN algorithms is also presented. Finally, through comparing multiple different studies of various CNN algorithms, a table and a chart are provided for a better understanding of the rate of accuracy achieved throughout the use of different datasets.

Exploring Local Wisdom: Analysis of Non-Verbal Communication Skills in Cirebon Traditional Mask Dance Audiences

This research delves into the intriguing realm of mask dance and its role as a nonverbal communication medium for audiences in Cirebon. By examining dance skills such as movement, rhythm, expression, level, and floor patterns, the study aims to unravel the profound impact of this art form. A qualitative approach and descriptive research design are adopted to achieve this, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the performance form and the far-reaching effects of mask dance. The research findings promise to provide profound insights into the significance of dance in preserving local culture. By shedding light on the intricate nuances of mask dance, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the art's value and cultural implications. Not only does it enhance our understanding of the art form itself, but it also holds practical implications for researchers and stakeholders in the field. The knowledge gleaned from this research equips researchers and stakeholders with a more profound appreciation and recognition of the richness embedded within the Cirebon mask dance. It serves as a testament to the power of dance as a nonverbal form of communication, capable of transcending language barriers and conveying messages that resonate with audiences on a profound level. This research serves as a valuable resource, providing a foundation upon which future studies and initiatives can build, further enhancing the preservation and promotion of local art and culture.

Beyond words: How visual imagery shapes collaborative sensemaking in entrepreneurial ecosystems

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are complex social systems dependent on connectivity and shared understanding between diverse actors. An often used, albeit oversimplified view, implies that diverse actors connect, collaborate and contribute to the EE in an almost frictionless way. However, this perspective overlooks the need for deeper forms of communication that can shift actors' perceptions, goals and motivations to trigger meaningful change. Recent research has highlighted the role of conversations, narratives and stories in developing (informal) institutions and shared understandings. What is missing from this discussion, however, are non-verbal forms of communication, which enable interpretation, support meaning-making and help implementation. This paper draws on communicative institutionalism theory and empirical observations from a larger participatory action research project. We discuss how visuals support richer interpretation of ambiguities, different perspectives and collaborative sensemaking. Images act as boundary objects enabling creative associations, revealing assumptions and catalysing explorative dialogue through inherent ambiguity. Representing complex concepts visually facilitates participant engagement over time. The co-creative process of iterative illustration also captures shared meaning as it emerges. Implications highlight visuals’ potential for fostering future-oriented dialogue, reflective practice and embodied institutions fundamental for EEs. From this, we outline suggestions for further research and practice.

Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Siswa Autis Kelas VII di SLB Negeri Autis Sumatera Utara (Studi Kasus Siswa Autis di SLB Negeri Autis Sumatera Utara)

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how the communication development of class VII autistic students at SLB Negeri Autism North Sumatra and to find out the forms of verbal and non-verbal communication. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The primary subjects in this study were two students with autistic disorder in class VII autistic, and the secondary subjects were teachers and parents. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results showed that the development of communication in autistic students at the North Sumatra Autistic Public SLB was influenced by several things including the teacher's stimulus when teaching, therapy, children's hobbies, and parenting strategies. Forms of children's verbal communication is speaking, writing, reading, and listening. While the forms of non-verbal communication are touch, movement, and eye contact. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that communication disorders in autistic children can be helped by providing stimulus by being invited to communicate more often and implementing appropriate parenting strategies.

Teaching Nonverbal Communication and Cultural Differences in Foreign Language Education

Nonverbal communication plays an important role in interpersonal interactions, but there are obvious differences in the forms of nonverbal communication among people with different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, in foreign language courses, teachers should help students understand the differences in culture and nonverbal communication specific to the target language, in addition to covering language-related knowledge. This paper outlines the concept of nonverbal communication, analyzes the cross-cultural differences in nonverbal communication, and studies the foreign language teaching strategies based on the cross-cultural differences in nonverbal communication.

Women Who Experience More Affectionate Touch Report Better Body Satisfaction and Relationship Outcomes

ABSTRACT Affectionate touch (e.g. hugging, handholding) is an essential component of many intimate relationships and is a primary contributor to overall relationship satisfaction as well as sexual satisfaction. Affectionate touch is understood to be a form of non-verbal communication in which the giver is expressing positive feelings toward the receiver. Here, we propose that affectionate touch also positively impacts receivers’ body satisfaction, because affectionate touch is a positive message communicated toward the receiver’s body. In a cross-sectional sample of romantically partnered women (N = 1,156), we assessed the association between affectionate touch frequency and body satisfaction. We also investigated whether affectionate touch is associated with relationship/sexual satisfaction in part because touch helps to improve women’s evaluations of their own bodies. Our results showed that body satisfaction was a significant, partial mediator and a valid path through which affectionate touch shapes relationship quality. Receiving affectionate touch could bolster relationship satisfaction and self-perceptions among women. Given the prevalence of body dissatisfaction amongst women, these results suggest that the underexplored associations between affectionate touch and body satisfaction may have significant impacts on a wide array of future empirical and applied research trajectories.

Interpersonal symbolic communicative practices in the traditional Igbo society

This study examines interpersonal symbolic communication in the traditional Igbo society, which entails culturally-learned, often nuanced, socially shared system of communication between individuals by the use of instruments as symbols, in which the relation between the symbol and the signified concept is arbitrary. Data for the study were drawn from oral interviews and participant observation as primary sources, while secondary sources were library materials and the internet. Findings indicate that there exists yet another form of non-verbal communication that is symbolic (involves symbols) and is exclusively interpersonal in “the various Igbo culture areas” (Onwuejeogwu 1975). The examples are sub classified based on what they communicate. The study concludes that interpersonal symbolic communicative practices could be used as tools in interesting and complex ways for the description and reproduction of varied sociocultural world of the Igbo.

Investigating the Use of Gestures Among Children with Down Syndrome in India

Introduction: Gesture is a form of non-verbal communication. Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common congenital syndromes in which speech and language deficits are prominent. Earlier studies have revealed mixed results regarding the advanced use of gestures among children with DS in Western literature. Indian culture influences parent-child interactions and gesture use differently. This study aims to assess whether a gesture advantage exists among DS children in the Indian context
 Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 5 Tamil-speaking children with DS and 5 typically developing (TD) language-age-matched controls were observed. Their spontaneous interactions with their mothers were analyzed for type and frequency of gestures and gestureword combinations using a checklist.
 Results: Except for the frequency of deictic (requesting, giving) gestures, all the other gestures, namely deictic (pointing, showing), symbolic and representational gestures, and word-gesture combinations (equivalent, complementary, and supplementary) were observed much less frequently in DS children, although only pointing had a statistical significance. Also, fewer types of gestures were observed among DS children.
 Conclusion: Children with DS in the Indian context do not exhibit a gesture advantage. This study highlights the importance of gesture assessment and intervention among these children.

A study of dynamic emoji emotional responses based on rhythms and motion effects.

Dynamic emojis are a form of nonverbal communication used in social programs to express emotions during conversations. Studies have shown that different dynamic effects can influence users' emotional perceptions. Previous studies have focused on the emotional responses elicited by static emojis, while the emotional responses to dynamic emojis have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we examined the impact of 128 different dynamic effects, categorized into emotional types (HAHV, LAHV, HALV, and LALV), on users' arousal and valence, and conducted semi-structured interviews to identify users' preferred dynamic effects. The results revealed significant and positive correlations between the arousal levels of all dynamic emojis and the effects of rhythms. However, the impact of rhythms on the valence of dynamic emojis varied depending on the emotion types of emojis. Specifically, the effects of motion on the valence of dynamic high-valence emojis were found to be significant, whereas they were not significant for dynamic low-valence emojis. Based on these findings, we recommend considering following factors in the design of dynamic emojis, including rhythms, motion effects, motion range, emotional metaphors, and the creation of contrast.

Silence as Leadership Communication: Public Perception, Interpretation, and Negotiated Meaning

Every communication encounter primarily starts because initiators aim to inform and influence others. Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that can be deployed by those communicating. Since nonverbal communication complements the verbal form of communication, it is expected that it is effectively used to enhance the sender-receiver’s communication gains. This paper investigated leaders’ communication style and if leaders’ silence affected public perception, interpretation, and the meaning assigned to a communicated message, using the former Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, and the Nigerian public as cases. It adopted a qualitative approach—an in-depth interview method, using an interview guide as the instrument for data collection. The data analyzed showed that adopting silence as a form of communication, especially during a crisis, would harm the human communication experience. Buhari’s silence toward Fulani herders’ attacks affected how the masses perceived, interpreted, and assigned meaning to his action. It allowed conspiracy theories to thrive as public opinion showed that his silence encouraged the herders’ nefarious actions.

Changes in Communication Patterns in the Digital Age

This study discusses changes in communication patterns in the digital era with a focus on the influence of social media on social interaction. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how social media has influenced the way humans interact in social contexts. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach through literature studies that collected and analyzed articles, journals, and reliable sources related to changes in communication behavior and social interaction due to the use of social media. The results of the research show that social media has changed traditional communication patterns and formed new ways of social interaction. It found that the use of social media can result in increased global connectivity but also presents challenges related to privacy, changing communication norms, and new forms of nonverbal communication. Keywords: communication change, digital era, social media, social interaction, literature study, media influence.

The Concept of Water Exaltation in The Subak

Objective: A contribution to a better understanding of Balinese subak farming rituals through symbolic and mythological analysis of the water breeding and preservation concept. The symbolism and mythology in the concept of water exhalation in subak ritual as a visual communication of humans, God, and the environment will be examined in this qualitative descriptive study with an ethnographic approach. Method: The implementation of THK philosophy as the foundation for a high spirit of cooperation, as well as the existence of ritual activities as a unifying element for members of the subak organization, has the potential to sustain the subak existence. Meanwhile, in the Balinese people's cosmos, natural, religious, and cultural attributes are interconnected through the traditional and Subak systems, and their properties are still fully functional. They have even lasted for thousands of years. Result: Farming rituals in Subak are forms of nonverbal communication that have manifested as tangible symbolic actions involving interpretations and perspectives on the lives of the Balinese agricultural community. Balinese farmers perform several rituals during one rice planting cycle. Conclusion: The mapag Toya ritual is part of religious practice as a concept of exaltation and preserving water as a source of life, a symbol of purity, a means of cleaning, a means of expelling disease, and a means of communication that connects humans with the Creator and ancestors.

USTADZAH FASHION STYLE AS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AT THE AL-IMAN PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN PONOROGO

Fashion Style is a form of nonverbal communication. The clothes a person wears can interpret themselves as well as show personality characteristics. The purpose of this study is to explain the purpose of using ustadzah Fashion Style at Al-Iman Putri Ponorogo Islamic Boarding School, and analyze the meaning of Fashion Style used by ustadzah as a means of Nonverbal Communication at Al-Iman Putri Ponorogo Islamic Boarding School. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Research data was collected by conducting interviews with informants, namely ustadzah Pondok Pesantren Al-Iman Putri who had qualifications as ustadzah who looked attractive and followed fashion trends. The results showed that the use of fashion to communicate nonverbally about his identity. Everyone tries to show their best side and unique side of themselves through the fashion they wear. Ustadzah Pondok Pesantren Al-Iman Putri uses fashion style with the goal: easier to identify, convey a form of self-expression, and the purpose of beauty. Nonverbal Communication through fashion style ustadzah Pondok Pesantren Al-Iman Putri Ponorogo is considered effective because it produces communication results. And from the fashion style displayed, they try to convey their identity, character, class and group.

Communicative Function of Nonverbal Cues in Hausa Prose Fiction

Fictional writing is goal oriented and those goals can only be achieved through effective communication. In literary communication, the text is the foundation upon which the writer establishes or rather constructs meaning. But, meaning can only be achieved through the skilful use of verbal and nonverbal forms of communication as shown by many scholars (Knapp, Hall & Horgan 2014), (Kendon 1990), (Band ull 2012). Therefore, the use of gestures, postures touch, time, space and distance to define characters and what they do is essential in any fictional writing. This paper studies the communicative impact of nonverbal signals in Hausa prose fiction, with data drawn from the novel Mafarkin Khadija. The data was interpreted based on context. The study shows the ubiquitous nature of nonverbal signals in meaning-making, establishing the fact that, the significance of communication is not in words alone, but rather, in the overall process through the use of verbal and nonverbal repertoire.

Computer Vision based Media Control using Hand Gestures

Abstract: Hand gestures are a form of nonverbal communication that can be used in several fields such as communication between deaf-mute people, robot control, human–computer interaction (HCI), home automation and medical applications. At this time and age, working with a computer in some capacity is a common task. In most situations, the keyboard and mouse are the primary input devices. However, there are several problems associated with excessive usage of the same interaction medium, such as health problems brought on by continuous use of input devices, etc. Humans basically communicate using gestures and it is indeed one of the best ways to communicate. Gesture-based real-time gesture recognition systems received great attention in recent years because of their ability to interact with systems efficiently through human-computer interaction. This project implements computer vision and gesture recognition techniques and develops a vision based low-cost input software for controlling the media player through gestures.

GESTURE HANDLER

Hand gestures are a natural way of interactions when one person communicates with each other and therefore hand movements can be treated as a nonverbal form of communication. Hand gesture recognition is a process of understanding and classifying meaningful human hands movements. Gesture recognition was supposed to develop a new type of Human Computer Interaction system that would overcome the problems that users face with the current system. The algorithm that is being described in this technology is not based on background image subtraction and is not programmed for a specific hand type the algorithm used can process different hand types, recognizes no. of fingers, and can carry out tasks as per requirement or as described in the algorithm.

Design Challenges in Effective Algorithm Development of Sign Language Recognition System

Sign language is the most putative language among hearing impaired people. They use non-verbal form of communication that involves hand gestures, head or body movement or facial expressions. Of these hand gestures is more widely used. Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) System can be used to convert these non-verbal signs into text or sound so that normal people can identify them without learning the sign language. ASLR employs Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for effective conversion from sign to sound or text. This review unveils various image processing and AI steps involved in the conversion process, bringing out important topologies in the Image acquisition, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and detection process and a comparative analysis among various topologies. Attempts have been made to shed light into adoption of alternate design strategies in segmentation and feature extraction that enhance the performance in a complex environment.

Sign Language Translator and Teaching System

Abstract: Sign Language is a non-verbal form of communication that is used to interact with the specially abled. These people have communication barriers when it comes to daily interactions with others who don’t understand sign language. Technological advancements and progress in Machine Learning algorithms have made gesture recognition possible. Sign language is one of the oldest and most natural forms of language for communication, but since most people do not know sign language and interpreters are very difficult to come by, we have come up with a real-time method using neural networks for fingerspelling based on American sign language. In our method, the hand is first passed through a filter and after the filter is applied, the hand is passed through a CNN module which predicts the class of the hand gestures. This literature survey analyses studies based on sign language translator and teaching applications. Conclusions drawn from this literature review could help in creating the perfect application that can make daily communication easy for the specially aided. We plan on providing two modules, one wherein the sign language gestures are converted into text and displayed. The second module is made wherein the text entered is converted into sign language and displayed on the User interface.

Audio-Visual Speech and Gesture Recognition by Sensors of Mobile Devices.

Audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) is one of the most promising solutions for reliable speech recognition, particularly when audio is corrupted by noise. Additional visual information can be used for both automatic lip-reading and gesture recognition. Hand gestures are a form of non-verbal communication and can be used as a very important part of modern human-computer interaction systems. Currently, audio and video modalities are easily accessible by sensors of mobile devices. However, there is no out-of-the-box solution for automatic audio-visual speech and gesture recognition. This study introduces two deep neural network-based model architectures: one for AVSR and one for gesture recognition. The main novelty regarding audio-visual speech recognition lies in fine-tuning strategies for both visual and acoustic features and in the proposed end-to-end model, which considers three modality fusion approaches: prediction-level, feature-level, and model-level. The main novelty in gesture recognition lies in a unique set of spatio-temporal features, including those that consider lip articulation information. As there are no available datasets for the combined task, we evaluated our methods on two different large-scale corpora-LRW and AUTSL-and outperformed existing methods on both audio-visual speech recognition and gesture recognition tasks. We achieved AVSR accuracy for the LRW dataset equal to 98.76% and gesture recognition rate for the AUTSL dataset equal to 98.56%. The results obtained demonstrate not only the high performance of the proposed methodology, but also the fundamental possibility of recognizing audio-visual speech and gestures by sensors of mobile devices.

Contingency and Multimodal Communication in the Learning Environment

From a Vygotskian (1997) theoretical perspective, teachers and learners, of necessity, need to listen and respond to one another in a meaningful way, which, significantly, entails some form of role reversal (i.e., student as teacher and teacher as student). van Lier (1996) furthered this approach in relation to second language (L2) classroom environments, emphasizing the need for conversational symmetry between students and teacher so that participation by all includes contributing individual and collective thoughts and experiences in relation to the content of a lesson, or ‘contingent interaction’, which van Lier also based on a similar approach: Instructional Conversation. Furthermore, van Lier linked his perspective to Vygotsky’s (1987) central premise that language (signs) constitutes the primary mediational tool with which we navigate ourselves and the world, which includes not only meaning (znachenie) but sense (smysl), and as applied in the case of the current study to L2 immigrant children growing up in a multilingual society. Moreover, although Vygotsky had recognized the role of proto-gesture (e.g., an infant reaching for an object that is then brought by an adult) as perhaps the earliest form of semiotic mediation, he did not concentrate on nonverbal forms of mediation, nor did van Lier. However, the current research hopes to demonstrate that speech together with nonverbal forms of communication, especially in combination (multimodal ensembles) can constitute an important aspect of creating L2 contingent interaction, and following van Lier, as connected to the Zone of Proximal Development. Additionally, emotional development (Perezhivanie) as tied to contingency and as an aspect of cooperative social relations is given treatment. Data for the study come from a second-grade classroom of L2 learners of English engaged in a read-aloud lesson directed towards L2 language and literacy development.