Nonverbal Communication Patterns Research Articles

Beyond words: analyzing non-verbal communication techniques in a medical communication skills course via synchronous online platform.

Effective doctor-patient relationships hinge on robust communication skills, with non-verbal communication techniques (NVC) often overlooked, particularly in online synchronous interactions. This study delves into the exploration of NVC types during online feedback sessions for communication skill activities in a medical education module. A cohort of 100 first-year medical students and 10 lecturers at the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), engaged in communication skills activities via Microsoft Teams. Sessions were recorded, and lecturer NVC, encompassing body position, facial expressions, voice intonation, body movements, eye contact, and paralinguistics, were meticulously observed. Following these sessions, students provided reflective writings highlighting their perceptions of the feedback, specifically focusing on observed NVC. The study identified consistent non-verbal communication patterns during feedback sessions. Lecturers predominantly leaned forward and toward the camera, maintained direct eye contact, and exhibited dynamic voice intonation. They frequently engaged in tactile gestures and paused to formulate thoughts, often accompanied by filler sounds like "um" and "okay." This consistency suggests proficient use of NVC in providing synchronous online feedback. Less observed NVC included body touching and certain paralinguistic cues like long sighs. Initial student apprehension, rooted in feelings of poor performance during activities, transformed positively upon observing the lecturer's facial expressions and cheerful intonation. This transformation fostered an open reception of feedback, motivating students to address communication skill deficiencies. Additionally, students expressed a preference for comfortable learning environments to alleviate uncertainties during feedback reception. Potential contrivances in non-verbal communication (NVC) due to lecturer awareness of being recorded, a small sample size of 10 lecturers limiting generalizability, a focus solely on preclinical lecturers, and the need for future research to address these constraints and explore diverse educational contexts. Medical schools globally should prioritize integrating NVC training into their curricula to equip students with essential communication skills for diverse healthcare settings. The study's findings serve as a valuable reference for lecturers, emphasizing the importance of employing effective NVC during online feedback sessions. This is crucial as NVC, though occurring online synchronously, remains pivotal in conveying nuanced information. Additionally, educators require ongoing professional development to enhance proficiency in utilizing NVC techniques in virtual learning environments. Potential research directions stemming from the study's findings include longitudinal investigations into the evolution of NVC patterns, comparative analyses across disciplines, cross-cultural examinations, interventions to improve NVC skills, exploration of technology's role in NVC enhancement, qualitative studies on student perceptions, and interdisciplinary collaborations to deepen understanding of NVC in virtual learning environments.

Impaired recognition of interactive intentions in adults with autism spectrum disorder not attributable to differences in visual attention or coordination via eye contact and joint attention

Altered nonverbal communication patterns especially with regard to gaze interactions are commonly reported for persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study we investigate and differentiate for the first time the interplay of attention allocation, the establishment of shared focus (eye contact and joint attention) and the recognition of intentions in gaze interactions in adults with ASD compared to control persons. Participants interacted via gaze with a virtual character (VC), who they believed was controlled by another person. Participants were instructed to ascertain whether their partner was trying to interact with them. In fact, the VC was fully algorithm-controlled and showed either interactive or non-interactive gaze behavior. Participants with ASD were specifically impaired in ascertaining whether their partner was trying to interact with them or not as compared to participants without ASD whereas neither the allocation of attention nor the ability to establish a shared focus were affected. Thus, perception and production of gaze cues seem preserved while the evaluation of gaze cues appeared to be impaired. An additional exploratory analysis suggests that especially the interpretation of contingencies between the interactants’ actions are altered in ASD and should be investigated more closely.

Patterns of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication During Sex.

Sexual communication functions as an important relational process expediating satisfying sexual experiences (Sprecher & Hendrick, 2004). Much of the existing literature on sexual communication concerning sexual pleasure biases verbal communication (Babin, 2012). This study adds to the existing research regarding patterns of communication surrounding sex and during sex through qualitative analysis. Further, this inquiry focused on participants' full histories, rather than their tendencies within any current relationship. We analyzed 78 qualitative interview transcripts from participants between the ages of 18 and 69. Participants reported a reluctance to communicate anything but pleasure, discomfort, or dislike during sex to avoid discouraging their partners. Though participants reported a perception that communicating pleasure served as encouragement and affirmation to their partners, most preferred to communicate pleasure nonverbally. Some participants reported a tendency to communicate pain or dislike verbally. Some preferred communication about sexual topics only before or after sexual activities. Participants shared that a high level of comfort with their partner increased sexual communication. How sexual partners communicate sex not only affects pleasure but can only affect intimacy between partners and health. This adds to the scant literature on nonverbal communication during sex and some people's preference for that style (Blunt-Vinti et al., 2019).

Deceptive indicators

Correctly identifying when an individual is lying based on their nonverbal communication has been a central aim of researchers and practitioners. Traditionally, research has focused on individual ‘tells’ or indicators of deception. More recently, researchers have focused on clusters and sequences of nonverbal gestures; however, these methods can lead to complex outputs that are difficult to interpret. The current research uses a newly developed temporal method, Indicator Waves, to analyse the concurrent and sequential nonverbal communication of individuals caught verbally lying on tape. The analyses show the complexity of nonverbal behaviours in simplified wave diagrams and the importance of using linguistics to code nonverbal deceptive behaviours accurately. Statements made by individuals were analysed using Statement Analysis and nonverbal gestures related to lips, head, eyes and upper body were shown to change between deceptive and truthful individuals, both in the lead-up to lying and post-lying. This research is the first to use Indicator Waves in deception detection and provides a new simplified approach for understanding complex patterns of nonverbal communication in lying.

Comparative Analysis of Autism Education Policies in Mainland China and Hong Kong

Autism, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive and stereotypical behavior patterns and interests, and sensory sensitivities. Despite the increasing prevalence of autism, there is limited research on the education of children with autism. This study compares the autism education policies in Mainland China and Hong Kong based on field research conducted at the Shunde District Shangliao Children Rehabilitation Center and Aoi School. The findings reveal that although there have been improvements in the education of children with autism in Mainland China, there are still several deficiencies compared to Hong Kong, including limited educational opportunities, low integration with mainstream schools, and a shortage of qualified educators. Recommendations are provided to enhance the educational landscape for children with autism, including increasing educational opportunities, supporting the development of special education in mainstream schools, fostering collaboration between rehabilitation centers and mainstream schools, promoting inclusive education, and providing professional training for teachers. These suggestions aim to advance autism education policies in Mainland China.

Adaptation of communication styles inventory to Russian context

Communication style refers to the distinct ways individuals exhibit verbal, paraverbal, and nonverbal communication patterns in social interactions. It involves receiving, interpreting, and delivering feedback and messages. Factors like culture and personality affect communication styles, and tools like communication styles inventory (CSI) help evaluate and improve individuals’ communication skills. Cultural differences significantly impact communication styles, so it’s important to adapt and validate measurement instruments for diverse cultural settings, such as adapting CSI for the Russian context. This study aims to adapt CSI for use in the Russian context. The research follows a quantitative approach, collecting data from 407 undergraduate and graduate students across different universities. CSI is a questionnaire assessing six distinct communication patterns with 96 items. The researchers conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine CSI’s validity and reliability in the Russian context. The analyses yielded an eight-factor model explaining 59.5% of the total variance. Although two factors from the original scale were preserved, other factors were newly named. The confirmatory factor analysis tested the relationship between the original sub-dimensions and the new dimensions, resulting in a better-adapted model with significant relationships between items and factors. The findings indicate the scale’s suitability for different cultures and sample groups, supporting its validity and reliability. Further research should adapt the scale to other cultures and utilize it in studies in the Russian context.

Analysis of Nursing Students' Nonverbal Communication Patterns during Simulation Practice: A Pilot Study.

Therapeutic communication, of which nonverbal communication is a vital component, is an essential skill for professional nurses. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of incorporating computer analysis programs into nursing education programs to improve the nonverbal communication skills of those preparing to become professional nurses. In this pilot observational study, the research team developed a computer program for nonverbal communication analysis including facial expressions and poses. The video clip data captured during nursing simulation practice by 10 3rd- and 4th-grade nursing students at a university in South Korea involved two scenarios of communication with a child's mother regarding the child's pre- and post-catheterization care. The dominant facial expressions varied, with sadness (30.73%), surprise (30.14%), and fear (24.11%) being the most prevalent, while happiness (7.96%) and disgust (6.79%) were less common. The participants generally made eye contact with the mother, but there were no instances of light touch by hand and the physical distance for nonverbal communication situations was outside the typical range. These results confirm the potential use of facial expression and pose analysis programs for communication education in nursing practice.

Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Antar Pustakawan Dan Pemustaka Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Pada Perpustakaan Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

The library is a work unit in the form of a place for collecting, storing and maintaining library material collections that are managed and systematically arranged in a certain way, to be used sustainably by users as a source of information. Good library management can support education and the learning process in higher education, with good communication patterns it will have an impact on the quality of service at the library. Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa is a university that has just changed its status to a university in 2020. Based on this formulation, the theories used to dissect the formulation of the problem are: (1) Communication Planning Theory, (2) Discourse Theory, and (3) Social Action Theory. This research took place in the library of Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa. The type of research used is qualitative, with the determination of informants using purposive sampling method. Collecting data using observation methods, interviews with guidelines assisted by voice recorder research tools and cellphones, literature and documentation. Data analysis carried out in this study used data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The findings of this study, namely in its implementation, the existence of librarians in establishing communication with users using verbal and non-verbal communication patterns in providing information to users so that users make it easier to find library materials in the library of Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar, will have an impact on the quality of existing resources, Libraries in service to users use an open management system in serving users where users look for library materials on library shelves according to the field they are involved in.

Automated patterns of head dynamics are associated with psychopathic traits in incarcerated women

Men with elevated psychopathic traits have been characterized by unique patterns of nonverbal communication, including more fixed and focused head positions during clinical interviews, compared to men scoring low on measures of psychopathy. However, it is unclear whether similar patterns of head dynamics help characterize women scoring high on psychopathic traits. Here, we utilized an automated detection algorithm to assess head position and dynamics during a videotaped clinical interview (i.e., the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised [PCL-R]) in a sample of n = 213 incarcerated women. PCL-R Total, Factor 1 (i.e., interpersonal and affective psychopathic traits), and Factor 2 (i.e., lifestyle/behavioral and antisocial/developmental psychopathic traits) scores were associated with a pattern of head dynamics indicative of a rigid head position. The current study extends analyses of nonverbal behavior studies in men to women and highlights how individuals with elevated psychopathic traits demonstrate unique nonverbal behaviors relative to individuals who score low on psychopathic traits. The implications and clinical value of these findings are discussed.

Verbal and Nonverbal Discourse of Male Characters in Animated Movies

An observation on gender discourse (verbal and nonverbal communication) is the main concern of various scientific studies. Verbal communication serves to express one’s own views, information and ideas in the form of sound and words. The spoken language involves face-to-face communication, while nonverbal communication (also known as silent language) is the transmission of messages through eye contact, facial expressions, gestures and spatial relationship between the sender and the receiver to convey a message. Researchers have substantiated in earlier studies that verbal and nonverbal communication patterns of men and women are quite different (Eagly & Johnson, 1990; Kring & Gordon, 1998). The goal of the manuscript is to observe and analyse discourse (verbal and nonverbal) of male mice characters in two animated movies (American – “The Great Mouse Detective” and Georgian – “Tsuna and Tsrutsuna”). Observation and qualitative research methods, as well as typological analysis are used during the study. Consequently, two animated movies (“The Great Mouse Detective” (American) and “Tsuna and Trutsuna” (Georgian) have been selected for farther analysis where the main heroes represent mice and rats.The study based on the observational research has revealed the fact that animated movie characters act in similar way male and female gender perform in various situations. Observation on movie characters implies the deep social and linguistic analysis of verbal and non-verbal discourse which is expressed in their actions and interrelations towards each other.

Cultural Shifting And Non-Verbal Communication Reconstruction In Covid-19 Outbreak: Indonesia’S Insight

COVID 19 has had a multidisciplinary impact on health, economic, and socio-political emergencies. In the context of communal culture, the impact is increasingly felt. Various activities that prioritize collectivity become limited and even eliminated. In general, communal people used to handle certain messages with physical touch. During the pandemic, conversely, non-verbal activity are in a shifting mode. Therefore, this research attempt to identifies interaction patterns changes in collective society addressing the new habit in non-verbal communication perspectives. This research uses literature studies on journals, previous studies, and other textual documents that are relevant to the research objectives. The analysis results were discussed by the Birdwhistell kinesics theory and Hall's proxemics theory. The research obtained the discussion about non-verbal communication patterns shifting from the haptic tradition to mediated communication. Furthermore, the discussion also apply to physical distance in space and time theory outlook. Therefore, in collective society, the changes will not only generate a new culture but also deliver the way of thinking shifting. The communication barriers presence in indexical signs use then likely happened. Further research could emphasize on macro levels in language relativity perspective. The use of positivistic paradigms to explain correlations between population characteristics and changes in communication behavior patterns during a pandemic can also be explored.

Communication Patterns in the Ageman Keris Making Process in Besalen Buwana Aji Kalingga: an Ethnography of Communication Study

Keris is one of the cultural products in the form of a dagger originating from Java. Keris is still made today as can be seen in Besalen Buwana Aji Kalingga which is owned by Empu Afrizal Fadli Azizi, S.Kom.I. He uses various processions including uttering mantras containing cultural meaning that form a series of verbal and non-verbal communication patterns. This attracts researchers to examine the patterns more deeply through an ethnography of communication approach to analyze the forms and patterns of communication that occur in the ageman kerises making process in Besalen Buwana Aji Kalingga. The descriptive qualitative study was conducted using the theory of communication patterns from Dell Hymes. The researcher found that prayers and mantras in the ageman kerises making process have a distinctive communication pattern, greeting-thankful-begging for a prayer at the wiwitan stage and greeting-declaration at the pembabaran stage. Furthermore, there is assimilation between Arabic and Javanese, a characteristic of the register of spelling language in Javanese culture. This happened because of the efforts to spread and introduce Islam in the past. Now, it has become a tradition in Javanese culture.

Female Politicians’ Gendered Communicative Structures

Recently there has been growing number of women running for national political positions. This study presents multimodal gender communicative-structures of female politicians. We analyzed 80 political interviews by all female politicians who ran for the 20th Knesset in Israel (n=40). The findings revealed novel integrated structures that combine masculine-verbal and feminine-nonverbal communicative-patterns. Unexpectedly, the adaptation of the mixed multimodal communicativestructure was strongly correlated with power, particularly in terms of seniority. In contemporary political communication, the inclusion of feminine-nonverbal communicative-patterns is a manifestation of political strength rather than of weakness. However, female politicians from cultural minorities express masculine-verbal and nonverbal communication-patterns, constituting the traditional communication-pattern of female politicians, which assumes that the key to female politicians’ success is adopting masculine communicative-structure.

KOMUNIKASI TRANSENDENTAL DALAM RITUAL PARISUDHA VAYU DI PASRAMAN KAYU MANIS LATA MAHOSADHI DESA TEGALMENGKEB TABANAN

An interesting phenomenon at this time in Bali, Hinduism begin to make rituals of cleansing themselves not only as a spiritual activity but also as a life style. This study aims to one of them is the Parisudha vayu ritual, which means cleansing oneself by the wind power of Lord Vayu and is a method of activating oneself to connect with the energy of the universe. A sacred knowledge of Balinese ancestors stored in the natural silence of the village of Tegalmengkeb . T his study focuses on the discussion of The process of transcendental communication in the implementation of the Parisudha vayu ritual at Pasraman Kayu Manis Lata mahosadhiforms of transcendental communication in the implementation of the Parisudha vayu ritual at Pasraman Kayu Manis Lata mahosadhi . The research objective is to develop transcendental communication in society. The results of this study indicate several things. First, ). the transcendental communication process goes through 3 stages in the parisudha vayu ritual, including: the preparation stage, namely establishing oneself and preparing the activation equipment, the implementation stage, namely the process of purifying the hands (karosodhana), the bhuwana chakra mudra movement and the activation of parisudha vayu and the final stage of giving three passwords. for the implementation of the next ritual. Second, the form of transcendental communication in the Parisudha vayu ritual is divided into two, namely verbal communication patterns (meaning in prayer in Parisudha vayu ritual) and nonverbal communication patterns (meaning in each movement in the Parisudha vayu ritual), respectively. -Each people practice. It is at this point that the private area of transcendental communication in the parisudha vayu ritual occurs (communication between humans and God. Third, the impact that is felt on Hindu religious life, Hindu community life and Hindu community life.

Nonverbal Communication of Supervisors in The Mentoring Thesis Process: Perceptions Of English Students

The study examines students' perceptions on the thesis mentoringprocess regarding their nonverbal communication patterns in the English studyprogram, FKIP of Halu Oleo University. The scope and focus are kinesics,proxemics, oculesics, chronemics, paralanguage, and physical appearance.Thisstudy apply a qualitative approach. The data obtained employing interview anddocumentation are then analyzed by Miles and Huberman's theory using reduction,reporting, and verification. The subjects of the study are eight graduated studentsand two students in the mentoring process. The study results shows that the sixtypes of nonverbal which are most likely to be experienced more often andinfluentially are ‘kinesics’, which is like the supervisor's attitude serving thestudents. Other nonverbal types continue to take on roles but are not as influentialas kinesics. This study reveals that the importance of communication is able toincrease student attention and motivation in constructing ideas gained from theirsupervisors when the communication process is going well and vice versa.

Process Consultation Within and Across Cultures

The purpose of this study is to consider how process consultants can effectively manage challenges both within and across cultures. This study investigates the multidimensional aspects of process consultation for workgroups that consist of diverse individuals in postmodern organizations. A proposed conceptual framework is developed to include factors that are useful for process consultants to consider when working in multicultural contexts. The micro-multicultural framework integrates the cultural mosaic with Schein’s ORJI (Observation, Reaction, Judgment, and Intervention) cycle. The framework represents the multidimensional aspects of cultural identities and explores verbal and nonverbal communication patterns during process consultation. A checklist for micro-multicultural process consultation is also proposed to demonstrate how a process consultant can perform his or her primary role comprehensively while considering process consultation as group-level phenomena.

Patterns of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of PAI Teachers in Developing Student Thinking

Patterns of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of PAI Teachers in Developing Student Thinking

Understanding the Communication Pattern and Emotional Abuse:Domestic Violence Victims Among Married Women

This study aims to understand the verbal and non-verbal communication patterns and emotional abuse that ensued married women in Penang, Malaysia. It has been conducted with the involvement of ten respected respondents. Qualitative research approach with in-depth interview has taken place in this study. The findings revealed that there are two types of verbal languages, reactions or words that could cause emotional and psychological abuse. First, dishonour and disgraces words or languages and the second one are the expression of criticism and negative thought. Meanwhile, the economic difficulties, incapable in fulfilling sexual desire, concept of minimizing, blaming and lack of attention, love and care and cheating and disrespect their dignity were the consequences of non-verbal communication which led to emotional and psychological abuse. Improvement and amendment in Domestic Violence Act (1994) as an early prevention and execution has been suggested in this study to minimize the increasing number of emotional abuse victims in married women in Penang, Malaysia.

Neurotransmitter and amino acid levels in Nigerian children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), often referred to as Autism, is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with core-defining features of impaired socialization, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour. The disorder is presently diagnosed behaviourally, however the search for possible biomarkers that could aid earlier diagnosis have been on the increase. The present study aims to investigate plasma amino acid levels as a potential biomarker in ASD screening. Plasma levels of 20 amino acids (AA) (including neurotransmitters-GABA and glutamate) of autistic individuals and typical age and sex matched control, were determined using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC). All statistical analyses (independent t-test, spearman correlation, cohen’s d effect size) were done using IBM SPSS version 20. A total of 31 plasma samples (18 Autism cases and 13 agesex matched controls) were analyzed with mean ages 8.44±4.87 for cases and 8.15±4.88 for controls. No significant intergroup difference was observed in the individual amino acid levels with the exception of glutamate (t = 5.472, df = 2.324, p = 0.000063), glutamine (t = 8.342, df = 14.780, p = 0.000001) , GABA (t = 6.601, df = 24.593, p = 0.000001), tryptophan (t = 3.568, df = 16.472, p = 0.002) and cysteine (t = 4.000, df = 13.762, p = 0.001).The amino acid profile and the glutamate - GABA levels can serve as biochemical markers for ASD, and can thus be utilized as screening for earlier diagnosis of the disorder. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Biomarkers, Neurotransmitters, GABA, Glutamate, Diagnosis

ҐЕНДЕРНИЙ ВИМІР У НЕВЕРБАЛЬНІЙ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНІЙ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

The article deals with the challenges of cross-cultural communication with a special focus on gender issues. The author concentrates on haptic – the part of nonverbal communication based on touch – which is the most sensitive issue in view of cultural differences of gender roles and expectations – and scrutinizes gendered proxemic and haptic views and habits of high-contact and low-contact culture groups. Apart from different cultural patterns of gender-sensitive non-verbal behavior, the study outlines overlapping patterns of touch based on relationship of power with regard to gender and social status. The object of the cross-cultural research has been put into a broader context of gendered relations of power as expressed by hidden means of culture-based discursive verbal and non-verbal communication patterns between men and women. The research fi ndings and theoretical notions are illustrated with real cases from the press and the author’s experience of cross-cultural business communication. This interdisciplinary study brings the fi elds of gender linguistics, non-verbal and cross-cultural communication together and can essentially contribute to fostering communicative skills of international business, management and communication students.