Aspects Of Nonverbal Communication Research Articles

Non-Verbal Communication Aspect in Paper Umbrella Craft as Intangible Cultural Heritage in Malang

Paper umbrellas are one of the crafts included in the intangible cultural heritage of Malang, East Java. Currently, it is known that there is only one group of craftsmen who still produce this paper umbrella craft. Although not many of them, this paper umbrella craft still exists among people who like traditional handicrafts. This is evident from how often paper umbrella crafts appear at craft exhibitions in cities in Indonesia. Consequently, there is a pressing need for in-depth research on paper umbrella craftsmanship in Malang City. A valuable avenue for exploration is the examination of non-verbal communication aspects inherent in paper umbrella craftsmanship. This study aimed to determine the non-verbal communication aspects contained in paper umbrella crafts. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on analyzing non-verbal communication aspects. Data was collected using unstructured interview methods, documentation, and field surveys. The collected data was reduced for analysis using nonverbal communication theory. The study findings are presented descriptively, detailing the observed non-verbal communication aspects. The findings reveal three distinct categories of non-verbal communication aspects in paper umbrella craftsmanship: fixed features, semi-fixed features, and non-fixed features. Fixed features include shapes depicted on the umbrella. Semi fixed feature is a choice of material used to make paper umbrellas, colors, and motifs. The materials used are bamboo and paper. The colors of the umbrellas are red and green. The motif drawn on the umbrella is a floral motif. Flowers are present because they are the favorite shapes of the craftsmen who make umbrellas. Non-fixed features encompass the entire process of crafting paper umbrellas, from material preparation to final finishing touches. Keywords: umbrella paper, craft, tangible cultural heritage

Differences and Effects of Eye Contact in Chinese and Foreign Non-Verbal Communication

With the accelerated development of China's economy and society, China and other countries in various areas of fruitful exchanges and cooperation, China's citizens to cross-cultural exchanges are also increasingly frequent, the correct treatment of cultural differences between Chinese and Western non-verbal communication not only to a certain extent to avoid conflicts in the interaction, but also more importantly, it can lead to further exchanges between the two cultures, and complement each other's strengths and weaknesses. As business English majors, they need to study not only from the aspect of language communication, but also from the aspect of non-verbal communication to study the differences, influences and cultural characteristics in cross-cultural communication between China and the West. In addition to verbal behavioral communication, body language and eye contact in non-verbal behavioral communication are also very important. This paper starts from the eye contact in non-verbal communication, seeks for an angle that can be borrowed and learned, which can help the development of the individual, and contribute to the effective cross-cultural communication.

DRAMA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PRESCHOOL

Rapid changes in society force people to face increasingly complex life challenges that require the ability to adapt to changes and function effectively in a social context. The issue of communicative competence, on the level of which the quality of this adaptation and functioning depends to a large extent, is becoming more relevant. The development of communicative competence begins already in preschool. It is necessary to create an appropriate and supportive environment in which the development of verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication, including vocabulary, would be promoted in various ways according to the child's educational needs.The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities of using drama for the development of communicative competence in preschool. The results obtained show the usefulness of drama as a method for the development of communicative competence, as well as differences depending on the gender of a child: boys need more pedagogical support for the development of communicative competence than girls.

Paralanguage in the Translation of Children’s Graphic Novels into Arabic: Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid

AbstractGraphic novels are marketed as helpful for reluctant young readers. The supplementation of text with visual stimuli as part of a multimodal narrative is often claimed to improve reading comprehension and motivation in children and young adolescents. The translation into Arabic of Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, by comparison, fails to deliver an equally engaging reading experience. In the Arabic versions of Rodrick Rules and Hard Luck, language acts as an obstacle to comprehension due to the misrepresentation of textual paralanguage, broadly defined as the written representation of nonverbal aspects of communication including tone, stress and volume. As paralanguage is also involved in character portrayal, this translation approach paints a rather dull image of the series’ protagonist Greg. Using the textual paralanguage typology proposed by Luangrath et al. (J Consum Psychol 27:98–107, 2017), the case is made here for closer attention in translation to the pragmatic meanings contained in textual paralanguage. As the novel evolves to incorporate an ever-expanding array of multimodal elements, so should the translation strategies involved in rendering these texts into other languages.

The Role of Gestures in Communication

Because it plays such a very significant role in the life of every human being, it is difficult to imagine a world without communication. After all, communication, both verbally and nonverbally, has occurred and evolved between people since the dawn of humankind. As it is, during communicative interaction, verbal contact is supplemented with non-verbal information, laying the foundation for full-fledged communication. That means that nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of speech communication because it can either greatly increase the semantic meaning of a word or significantly weaken it. Moreover, non-verbal means of communication are typically expressive and laconic and greatly increase the possibilities of communication between people. That being said, one of the most commonly used non-verbal communications is gestures. In communication, gestures accompany speech or replace it. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other body parts, and each person uses various motions in communication to convey his thoughts. The gestures we use in daily communication add to a language’s vocabulary and syntax. Furthermore, a gesture is more expressive than a unit of verbal language. With this in mind, this article discusses the various aspects of non-verbal communication and provides examples of typical gestures a person uses in everyday communication. This study consisted of 50 students ranging in age from 17 to 25 years old and aimed to reveal what types of gestures are used much more frequently by young people in everyday life.

Let's face it: Quantifying the impact of nonverbal communication in FOMC press conferences

When the Fed Chair speaks, investors not only listen, but also watch. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we apply facial recognition analysis to FOMC press conference videos and quantify one of the most important aspects of nonverbal communication - facial expressions. Using minute-level data, we align our nonverbal communication measure with a set of financial assets to estimate the impact of the Fed Chairs’ facial expressions on investor expectations. We find that investors adversely react to negative expressions revealed during the press conference, even when controlling for the verbal component of the press conference and other explanatory variables.

Sports blogging: communicative strategies in contemporary sports discourse

The article provides an analytical description of the pragmatic level of sports blogs, identifying the main communicative strategies used in sports blogs and describing the communicative tactics as well as their linguistic operationalisation. The pragmalinguistic approach is used to identify the linguistic features, communicative and pragmatic goals of the blog, shedding light on the mechanisms that make blogosphere language into an effective tool for interactive communication. The research examines both verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication in English-language sports blogs from 2020-2022. We conclude that modern sports blogs are data-driven and interactive, characterized by a transition from a descriptive to an analytical approach to the story.

Telehealth As an Option, Not a Requirement-Who May Benefit, and How Do We Decide?

During the COVID pandemic, telehealth has been established as a feasible form of treatment that is at times preferred by both clinicians and older adult patients. As the height of the pandemic fades, yet remains part of everyday life, care has shifted in many practices from primarily video and phone visits (telemental health, or TMH) to a hybrid model that includes both virtual and in person visits. There are both advantages and potential drawbacks to TMH. Advantages include the ability to see patients who are otherwise homebound or find transportation difficult, the ability to see patients without a mask, reduction in no show rate, the potential to get a sense of the patient's home environment, and actively involving family whom the patient would like to include. Potential drawbacks include a loss of aspects of non-verbal communication, inability to perform a physical exam if needed (for example, to assess gait, check or vitals, or evaluate for extrapyramidal symptoms), potential lack of privacy, and a patient's difficulty navigating technology. Clinician related factors may also affect the success of telemental health as a treatment modality. These factors include personal preference, clinicians’ comfort with technology and the suitability of a provider's work environment for this platform. The frame of treatment (medication management versus psychotherapy) is an additional factor that must be considered. There are also individual patient characteristics that may contribute to them being more or less receptive to this modality of treatment. These factors will be highlighted in case examples in the session. Now that clinicians have a choice about meeting virtually or in person, it will be helpful to have a framework for making this decision. In this workshop, we will present guidelines for evaluating the usefulness of video delivered treatment. We will propose factors to be considered by clinicians to evaluate an individual patient's suitability for tele health versus in person or a hybrid model. We will also discuss strategies to overcome potential barriers.

Differences of Modality Use between Telepractice and Face-to-Face Administration of the Scenario-Test in Persons with Dementia-Related Speech Disorder.

Telepractice is increasingly finding its way into the care of people with dementia. Web-based delivery of speech and language therapy (SLT) is feasible and has the potential to improve communication in people with dementia-related speech disorders. Although experts are discussing the strengths and weaknesses of telepractice, a precise analysis of the differences between analogue and digital communication for this heterogeneous group of patients is still missing. The three current single cases investigated verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication in a face-to-face (F2F) and digital setting through a qualitative research design. Using the scenario-test (ST) in person and via big blue button (BBB; video conferencing system), several decisive factors were detected, influencing the effectiveness of communication in a F2F compared to a digital setting. The most important results of the qualitative content analysis are described for each case individually. Additionally, the influence of person-related factors, such as age, diagnosis, presence of depression, and level of education, is presented. Perceptual, executive, and affective disorders, as well as aids of relatives, are considered separately. The results indicate that executive functions, affects, and perceptual deficits need to be taken into account if telepractice is to be applied. Age, education, and distinct forms of dementia might be decisive for successful telepractice as well.

Telesupervision in Psychotherapy: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review.

(1) Background: This systematic review supported by a bibliometric analysis identified quantitative and qualitative empirical studies that allowed us to respond to the objective of identifying and discussing the scope and limitations of the clinical-psychotherapeutic supervision in virtual modality or telesupervision. (2) Methods: The articles were selected according to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the eligibility criteria proposed by the PICOS strategy (population, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design) based on 396 records of scientifically identified articles in the Journal Citation Report databases of the Web of Science. (3) Results: The literature review stages allowed the selection of three articles, which were added three others that were already included in a previous review, to enrich the analysis and discussion. The results of the present review highlighted aspects of nonverbal communication, alliance, comfort, preference, trust, and construction of professional identity, among others, both considering only the telesupervision format and comparing it with traditional face-to-face supervision. (4) Conclusions: The contributions that these results are providing to the understanding of the scope and limitations of the practice of telesupervision are discussed, also considering its interference in the construction of the professional identity of supervisors and supervisees.

Nonverbal Communication in Immersive Virtual Reality through the Lens of Presence: A Critical Review

AbstractThe emergence of metaverse signifies the transformation of virtual reality (VR) from an isolated digital experience into a social medium, which facilitates new contexts of information exchange and communication. In fact, VR comprises the first-ever computer-mediated communication paradigm that enables the transfer of a broad range of nonverbal cues, including some unique cues which are not even known from face-to-face social encounters. This highlights the urgency to theoretically and experimentally investigate aspects of nonverbal communication (NVC) in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). We provide a critical outlook on empirical studies aiming at widening the discussion on how presence, as a core social factor, is affected by the perception of nonverbal signals and how NVC may be effectively utilized to facilitate social interactions in immersive environments. Our review proposes a classification of the most fundamental cues and modalities of NVC, which we associate with conceptualizations of presence that are more relevant to interpersonal communication. We also investigate the NVC-related aspects that are essential to construct an “active” virtual self-concept and highlight associations among NVC-related aspects through forming a complex web of research topics coming from the field of IVEs. We establish that the key research challenge is to go beyond simply studying nonverbal cues and technological settings in isolation.

A Study of the Relationship between Social Communication Skills and Sensitivity to Paralanguage

Sixty office workers at a temporary employment agency were surveyed for their Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Sensitivity to Paralanguage (SP) scores. The SP measure contains 12 questions and requires participants to guess the nature of the social relationship between two people based on a 30-second acoustic sample of their dialogue. Paralanguage was selected for investigation in this study rather than nonverbal aspects of communication because people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tendencies — who tend to avoid looking at the face of the interlocutor — still use paralanguage effectively. Social communication skills (SCS) were defined as the sum of scores from the AQ subscales “Social skills” and “Communication”, and participants were categorized into either high or low SCS groups. Five participants had AQ scores of 26 or more, including one participant with an AQ score of 36. The five high AQ scorers were all male and all in the low SCS group. The low SCS group had a mean SP score that was 0.47 points higher than the high SCS group. The results indicate that people with poor SCS were more effective in guessing the social relationship between the two parties based on paralanguage than those with high SCS. There are two possible explanations for this finding. The first is that the SP test favors people with ASD tendencies in the low SCS group. The second is that the high SCS group may typically rely on senses other than hearing when making social judgments. In future, the reasons for our finding may be clarified by creating a “sensitivity to nonverbal cues” measurement that uses only visual information.

An Exploratory Analysis of Air Traffic Controller Speech Intelligibility Using Voice Data from a Simulation Experiment

Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) communicate with pilots through radio communication. Speech intelligibility is vital in ensuring that the message is conveyed accurately. Factors such as speech rate affect this. Additionally, workload and stress have been shown to affect how people communicate significantly. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the voice data of ATCs who participated in a simulated experiment in the context of these non-verbal aspects of communication, particularly transmission length and speech rate. To better understand, we analyzed our data at two levels: aggregate and individual. Moreover, we focused on a single participant to see how such non-verbal characteristics evolve. Understanding these intricacies would contribute to building automated detectors in real-time voice transmissions that would leverage technology to avert any incidents brought about by stress and workload.

TEACHERS’ PARALANGUAGE IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION

Paralanguage, as a part of non-verbal communication, is believed to have fruitful contribution to the successful teaching and learning process. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the features of teachers’ paralanguage in EFL classroom interactions and the function of those paralanguage features in classroom interaction. Under the design of qualitative research, this study employed classroom observation and recording. The subject is one English class with one teacher and 31 students in one Senior High School in Makassar, Indonesia. To analyze data, steps of analysis which included data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion (drawing or verifying) adopted from Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) were employed. The result of data analysis showed that the teacher applied some features of paralanguage in classroom interaction in the forms of (1) voice qualities that consist of pitch (the highness and lowness of tone), rhythm (smooth rhythm), and rate (slow rate or tempo); and (2) vocalizations that include vocal characterizers (laughing) and vocal segregate (sound “ee”). This study also found that the use of teacher’s paralanguage in teaching was (1) to accent, (2) to complement, (3) to contradict, (4) to regulate, and (5) to repeat. Findings from this study can become a reference for teachers in creating effective classroom interaction. The use of paralanguage by the teacher in the class as one aspect of non-verbal communication is needed as one way to create effective classroom interaction.

Non-verbal signs of personality: Communicative meanings of facial expressions

Abstact. There is a lot of evidence that most people are capable of recognizing emotions by facial expressions. What information does a facial expression usually provide? Can emotions be shown without facial expressions? Can there be facial expressions without a corresponding emotional state? Are there individual facial expressions? The studies of various aspects of non-verbal communication show both similarities and differences in non-verbal behavior. It is argued that similarities are most evident at the individual level, when the focus is on the objective, formal features of behavior, while differences are more likely to be found when the analysis focuses on the relationship between individuals and interpersonal meanings of behavior. Despite the rapid expansion of research on non-verbal communication, most of it describes simple differences in the display of non-verbal signals. Although they differ in almost every other respect, most facial measurement methods focus on what is seen, on what the researcher can identify when seeing some facial movements. Most of the research methods applied are not sufficient for the study of this complex, multidimensional issue. Like all basic studies of communicative processes, proxemics is more about how than why, and more about structure than content. The article focuses on the question whether non-verbal behavior reflects cultural similarities or differences, and whether different levels of analysis allow to observe both cultural homogeneity and diversity inherent in most acts of non-verbal behavior. The authors consider the data of laboratory experiments on the relationship between emotions and adults’ facial expressions: some studies confirm the high consistency between fun and smiling, and from the low to moderate consistency between other positive emotions and smiling. The available evidence on surprise and disgust suggests that these emotions are accompanied by their ‘traditional’ facial expressions or even some components of such expressions only in a minority of cases. The American anthropologist, one of the founders of kinesics, Birdwhistell introduced this term for the complex study of facial expressions, poses, gait, and visible movements of arms and body. Birdwhistell argues that body language is determined by cultural environment rather than universal genetic programs. Birdwhistell defines kinesics as “the study of body-motion as related to the nonverbal aspects of interpersonal communication”. He argues that communication with body motion is systemic, socially learned and communicative unless proven otherwise. The article considers in detail the works and theories of Birdwhistell who often had to admit that some of his ideas were controversial. The authors conclude that Birdwhistell’s works have serious mistakes, and other researchers failed to develop his theory of kinesics. Thus, the authors consider the research in this field focusing on the so-called recognition of the communicative meanings of facial expressions.

Ready or Not: Gulf Country Teachers’ Challenges toward Teaching Online Courses in Emergency Cases in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the challenges faced by teachers from the Arabian Gulf countries of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait while teaching virtual online courses. Because online learning in higher education in these countries had not occurred before the current pandemic, the teachers and students faced new challenges for the first time, including online communication, inadequate training, insufficient practice, and incompetence in online assessment. Seventy-six teachers of higher education in Kuwait or Saudi Arabia participated in this study, which was a survey created by the first author to determine the effectiveness of communication, training, practicing and assessing students’ performance during the pandemic. Results indicated that no differences were found between the two countries; while participants felt that training was adequate for the task of converting to remote teaching, they were concerned about nonverbal aspects of communication and assessing online work. Suggestions included obtaining participants from other Gulf countries, refining the survey, and involving different types of institutions such as private colleges. The results of this study imply that for many teachers, improvements in communication and assessment are necessary to improve online teaching, which is likely to continue in these countries after the pandemic is over.

Older Adults' Interpretation of Nurses' Nonverbal Communication in Cameroon: A Grounded Theory Inquiry.

Communication is central to nursing care. Yet, the nonverbal aspect of communication tends to be neglected or underestimated in nursing studies. Research has shown that older patients interpret nurses’ communication messages during the clinical encounter. This article conceptualizes older adults’ interpretation of and need for nonverbal communication (NVC) to enhance patient-centered communication advocated by the World Health Organization. The Corbin and Strauss (2015) inductive Grounded Theory approach was used to collect data from 3 hospital units in Cameroon using in-depth interviews with eight older adults, thirteen nurses, and four student nurses between July 2018 and January 2020. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used for analysis, which reveals that interpretations of NVC can be positive or negative. It means that older adults view nurses either as angels or as difficult persons, depending on the nurses’ positive or negative NVC and behaviors. These interpretations lead to consequences ranging from a preference for some nurses to noncompliance with care. The results further show that older adults need active listening, humor, and affection from nurses. Information regarding older adults’ interpretation of and need for NVC can be used to improve curriculum content and to develop skills in and awareness of NVC with older adults. It is recommended that further research expand on effective nonverbal techniques during COVID-19 times where the meaning of facial expressions and voice inflection can be disrupted.

Teaching English on a linguocognitive basis: an extralinguistic aspect

The features of the nonverbal side of communication in teaching English at a language university are considered. The basic postulates of linguocognitive science are given, justifying the importance of attention not only to language, but also extralinguistic means of communication in a foreign language lesson. The main obstacles that do not allow to focus properly on the nonverbal aspect of communication in English classes in the university environment are indicated. The close connection of gestures, facial expressions, body movements with the linguistic and cultural space within which they exist is substantiated. Classifications of such extralinguistic means are given with special emphasis on various types of gestures. Based on the analysis of a wide range of scientific papers on the problem of research, two large groups of functions of nonverbal communication tools and a number of private functions included in them are identified. The possible roles of extralinguistic means of communication in foreign language classes and scenarios of their use are determined. The possibility of widespread use of video materials, in particular, authentic English-language feature films for teaching students of a language university the non-verbal side of communication is substantiated. An example of one of the possible sequences of such training in extralinguistic means of communication on a linguocognitive basis is given.

Блефаропластика: исторические аспекты, терминология и современные представления

Visual contact is one of the important aspects of non-verbal communication. The look of every person is unique, it emphasizes individuality and represents what is happening in the inside and emotional experience. When we look in the eyes, we gain our first impression of an interlocutor and his/her psych evaluation. Irreversible changes of periorbital tissues of the upper face occur with aging. They result in the functional changes and visible cosmetic defects, thereby negatively affecting psychological social status and provoking eyelid discomfort. Patients refer to specialists (plastic or ocular surgeons) to address these age-related issues. Blepharoplasty is a popular, effective, and safe surgical procedure to reconstruct periorbital soft tissues. The history of blepharoplasty began in the 10th century when a Persian scientist Avicenna described a technique of removing the excessive overhanging skin of the upper lids. Later on, blepharoplasty goes through a long way of development, evolution, and practice. Blepharoplasty is no less important today, being one of the most common esthetic procedures of plastic surgery worldwide. Modern, highly effective diagnostic tools and professional medical equipment allow for an accurate prediction of surgical outcome, thereby emphasizing the importance of the conception "desired changes — realistic expectations". This paper reviews the historic aspects and current views on blepharoplasty, and professional terminology used by plastic and ocular surgeons specializing in esthetic eyelid surgery. Keywords: blepharoplasty, history of blepharoplasty, plastic surgery, eye surgery, periorbital area, professional terminology, current ideas, preoperative planning, reconstruction of eyelid soft tissues. For citation: Kazantsev A.D., Kazantseva E.P., Alekseev I.B. Blepharoplasty: historical aspects, terminology, and modern ideas. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):127–131 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-2-127-131.

Non-verbal communication: an update on smell

ABSTRACT Non-verbal communication is an important aspect of communication skills and sometimes involves making assumptions with smell being one aspect of non-verbal communication. Here the subconscious associations that come with smell are highlighted and by increasing self- awareness, the doctor–patient relationship in the consultation may be improved.