This study proposes a novel solution using sensors with limited sensing range to estimate the random appearance or disappearance of multi-object trajectories with unknown object detection profiles under nonuniform clutter background. Specifically, assuming that no objects occur within the sensors’ observable area, the unknown clutter intensity involving the average false alarms per scan and nonuniform clutter density is first estimated by adopting the joint combination of maximum likelihood (ML) and model-based clustering methods. Then, the unknown object detection profile can be calculated by marginalizing the fluctuating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a random manner. Further, the TPMB filter is utilized to estimate trajectories from the first principle, after which the estimated parameters of clutter intensity and the detection probability are fed to the TPMB filtering, thereby improving the performance on completeness and robustness of estimation trajectories. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that our proposed solution exhibits excellent tracking accuracy compared with state-of-the-art solutions involving robust MS generalized LMB (R-MS-GLMB) and dynamic parameter GLMB (DP-GLMB) filters.