Nonrecursive Structural Models Research Articles

Exploring the relationships between innovation and internationalization of small and medium‐sized enterprises: A nonrecursive structural equation model

AbstractThis article seeks to provide more insights on the two‐way link between internationalization and innovation by considering total, direct, and reciprocal effects using a nonrecursive structural model. Innovation is defined through product and process development, while internationalization is defined through inward and outward internationalization in both closer and farther markets. The results suggest that these two major sources of growth are linked by different sets of relations, from the investment in product and process innovation to outward internationalization in a closer market, or from inward and outward internationalization in farther markets to the investment in product innovation. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reciprocity of Dyadic Trust in Close Male-Female Relationships

Abstract A nonrecursive structural model specified 11 effects on trust in one's partner for 20 engaged, 67 married, and 11 divorced male-female dyads. According to the model, trust between partners is a reciprocally reinforced outcome, and 10 exogenous variables affect trust. The results showed that, for both sexes, there was a reciprocal effect for trust in one's partner, the perception of a partner's desire to control others had a negative effect on trust, and self-esteem had a positive effect on trust. Marital status and the perception of a partner's desire to be controlled had no effect on men's trust in their partners but highly significant negative effects on women's trust in their partners.

Reciprocity of Trust between Professionals and Their Secretaries

This paper proposes and tests a model of interpersonal trust. It is hypothesized that trust between professionals and their secretaries is a reciprocally-reinforcing phenomenon. Participants were 21 attorneys, 31 high-school principals, 28 university department heads, and the secretaries of these professionals. Exogenous variables are locus of control, power expressed, power wanted, perceptions of power expressed and wanted by the other person, and the duration of the superior-subordinate relationship. Explanatory endogenous variables are boss' trust in their secretaries and secretaries' trust in their bosses. These two variables are specified as mutual reinforcers in a nonrecursive structural model, which is tested with a two-stage least squares confirmatory analysis. The reciprocal effects of trust overwhelmed the effects of the exogenous variables on the amount of trust bosses and secretaries had in each other.