Non-military Systems Research Articles

Cooperation of the Territorial Defense Forces with a non-military system during armed conflict

The article presents the conditions for organizing the cooperation of the newest type of armed forces, the Territorial Defense Forces, with non-military institutions. When presenting individual issues, it was emphasized that the essence of cooperation between various entities is to coordinate their actions to achieve a common goal, while maintaining the autonomy of individual parties to this action. Concerning not only military threats, the coordination of the activities of various entities in the regional (voivodeship, poviat, commune) but also nationwide dimension has become particularly important due to the introduction of a new element to the national security system – the Territorial Defense Forces (WOT). The underlying assumption of activities in this area has been to increase the state’s defense capabilities and link the operation of Territorial Defense Forces units to a given area. The activities related to the establishment and development of the WOT are mostly the result of the strategic analysis carried out since 2016 at the Ministry of National Defense as part of the Strategic Defense Review (SPO 2016). Bearing in mind the regional nature of the activities (in permanent areas of responsibility) of the Territorial Defense Forces, the article presents what tasks this formation can perform in cooperation with public administration institutions and units of the Police, Border Guard, State Fire Service, health protection, and civil defense formations. The basic requirements for planning and organizing joint activities of such different entities are also indicated. The essential of them is the unity of action (planning, organizing, conducting activities), which primarily concerns acting in accordance with the same intention (concept), which in turn is a consequence of the proper definition of the chain of command (control), in which the relations between individual entities and decision-making powers have been precisely defined. This will make it possible to build an operational system in which the presented procedures of action planning are understandable to everyone and above all, allow for making rational decisions that enable achieving the synergy effect during the WOT’s operation with elements of the non-military system. It will be facilitated by getting to know each other’s procedures, potential, and specifics of action, and mainly being aware of the possibilities and scope of joint action.

Use of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) in counter-subversive operations

The Territorial Defence Forces (TDF, Polish abbrev. WOT) are to participate in combat counter-subversive operations, alone or in cooperation with other security actors. Using both offensive and protective-defensive forms and methods, they will create freedom of action for operational troops. Precise reconnaissance of the area, infrastructure knowledge in permanent areas of responsibility (Polish abbrev. SRO), cooperation with the non-military system (Polish abbrev. UPM), and cooperation with the local population in combination with the training of the TDF commanders and soldiers equipped with modern weaponry, reconnaissance and object monitoring systems will ensure good quality of protection while reducing the number of human resources involved. All forms and methods of conducting combat counter-subversive activities presented in the article are a compilation of the content contained in the literature on the subject and the practical conduct of training classes with cadets and officers at the Military University of Land Forces.

Selected Aspects of Cbrn Protection in Military Peace Support Operations

Abstract This paper presents the results of studies based on the analysis of field exercises organized for the purpose of disinfection of preventive sub-units regrouping from the areas threatened with endemic infectious diseases. The research also concerns the analysis of the possibility of conducting the liquidation of contamination in the conditions of access to the local infrastructure with the use of chemical weapons equipment and cooperation with the non-military system: police, fire brigade, emergency medical services and municipal guards. The method of preparation of the ozone chamber in field conditions is also presented

Expanding global access to civilian and commercial remote sensing data: implications and policy issues

Current and planned developments in the field of civilian and commercial 2 2 The term ‘civil’ will be used to refer to non-military systems developed or operated by state governments, while ‘commercial’ will generally refer to privately-funded and operated remote sensing systems. satellite imagery promise a major expansion in international accessibility to remote sensing data and technologies. This paper addresses the implications of the expanding global access to land remote sensing data and their derived products. While atmospheric, meteorological, and oceanographic data is also widely available at cost or free of charge, it is land remote sensing – specifically the unique systems with high-resolution and frequent revisit times – that are of primary concern for international and regional security issues. Military and intelligence satellites are not addressed in this discussion of expansion due to their inherently controlled access, unless such systems also provide commercially available imagery or products (as is the case with some Russian systems).

Modeling Organizational Design: Resource Allocation in a Military Application

Whenever resource availability and resource costs are limiting factors in organizational design, it is essential that organizational design decisions be based upon the effective and objective allocation of those limiting resources. Two computer-based simulation models are discussed as instruments to facilitate this process. Both are based on a realistic assessment of mission needs and resource availability. The ARI Crew Performance Model considers the impact of crew size and the assignment of tasks on crew performance. The Analysis of Military Organizational Effectiveness (AMORE) assesses the capability of a unit to perform over time after degradation. Together these models, which can be applied to both military and non-military systems, promote the efficient and objective organization and use of resources at the crew level and higher.

High-capacity digital microwave radio systems

The design problems associated with high-capacity digital microwave radio systems and their present status are reviewed. Nonmilitary systems having transmission capabilities of about 90 Mbit/s or greater per radio bearer have been considered, those known to be under development operating within the approximate frequency range 8–21 GHz. At the lower-frequency end, repeater spacings are limited by multipath effects to about 60 km, whereas at the higher-frequency end, spacings are dominated by rain attenuation and are limited to a few kilometres. The effects of both types of fading and the calculation of repeater spacings are considered. Bandwidth utilisation is very important for digital systems, and the design criteria for suitable filtering schemes are discussed leading to possible overall radio-frequency-channel arrangements. Constraints imposed by the system design are discussed, and the consideration of available components leads to outlines of possible repeater arrangements.

Simulation of multi-echelon macro-inventory policies

Alternative repair part inventory policies are examined for a multi-echelon logistics system. The policies assessed pertain to the design of multi-echelon systems rather than the evaluation of stock level decisions for individual repair parts. Although the context is one of a military inventory system, the policies examined are of importance in nonmilitary systems where item failure rates are low, and only periodic access to resupply is possible.

Twelve Advantages of Stationary Satellite Systems for Point-to-Point Communication

With the exception of those systems which are intended to satisfy special military requirements, passive satellite communication systems will not be economically competitive with high-capacity, active satellite systems because of greater terminal costs. There are twelve reasons why stationary orbit systems should become the backbone of future global communications, and these are discussed in detail. Seven of these are based on economic and system advantages, while the remaining five arise from interference coordination advantages in frequency sharing among satellite systems and with surface services. Stationary satellites present space technology and propagation delay problems, but these are rapidly being overcome. It is therefore recommended that more planning and regulatory emphasis be focused on stationary satellite communication systems, since nonstationary, nonmilitary systems will only be interim or supplementary systems.

Design of a Management Information System

Several of the important problem areas encountered in designing a management information system for operations and maintenance control of a major weapon system are discussed herein. Three types of design approaches are considered: (1) method and equipment improvement, (2) data augmentation, and (3) decision orientation. The latter approach is illustrated by a weapon system example. Design objectives which are useful in establishing detailed design criteria are discussed. The concepts of this paper are relevant to many non-military systems. Management Technology, ISSN 0542-4917, was published as a separate journal from 1960 to 1964. In 1965 it was merged into Management Science.