Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Research Articles

Characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto area, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract Argotirto area located in South Malang, East Java province, has abundant non-metallic mineral resources, e.g., pyrophyllite. The presence of pyrophyllite indicates that the area has undergone hydrothermal alteration processes. This research aims to determine characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto and its surrounding area. The methods used in this research comprises geological and hydrothermal alteration mapping, thin section and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses from rock samples. There are five lithological units from the oldest to the youngest, namely altered basalt, altered andesite breccia, altered dacite intrusion, altered dacitic tuff breccia, and limestone units. In hand specimen, pyrophyllite has white to tan colour, massive and waxy/soapy textures. Furthermore, in thin section, pyrophyllite selectively replaces feldspar phenocrysts or it is disseminated in the matrix and intergrown with quartz. In the research area, there are four alteration zones, such as pyrophyllite-dickite-sericite-illite, pyrophyllite-vermiculite-alunite-tridymite, pyrophyllite-cristobalite-sericite-illite-smectite, and pyrophyllite-halloysite-sericite-illite zones. According to hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages, it can be interpreted that those minerals are formed at low pH (approximately pH 4-5) and relatively low temperatures (100-<250°C).

Evaluation of relationship between nonmetallic mineral resources production and sustainable development

This research delves into the repercussions of nonmetallic resource production on sustainability across 23 Asian economies from 2000 to 2021, employing the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) technique. A 1% upswing in nonmetallic resource production triggers a transient 0.04% decline in sustainability, followed by a durable 0.14% upturn. Immediate effects stem from environmental resource strain, while prolonged impacts signify economic and technological growth, fostering sustainability. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) detrimentally influences sustainability by diminishing purchasing power, whereas trade openness positively contributes by facilitating technology transfer. The limited role of patent applications in promoting sustainability underscores the necessity for advancements in green patents. Initially, GDP per capita has a negative impact, but it transitions to positive in the long run, indicating a connection between income growth and sustainability. Income levels significantly influence short-term sustainability impact, particularly in lower-income countries. Policymakers are advised to prioritize efficiency, circular economy practices, green financial instruments, and sustainable corporate management to bolster sustainability in nonmetallic resource production.

POTENTIAL OF METAL MINERAL RESOURCES IN MOUNT GOGOREA WAHLUA FORMATION BURU ISLAND

Geologically, Buru Island is composed of quite varied rocks, both in the form of sedimentary rock, igneous rock and metamorphic rock produced by subduction and magmatism and sedimentation activities. This is why Buru Island has quite a variety of potential metal and non-metallic mineral resources. The Wahlua Formation is the most widely distributed rock formation on Buru Island, but until now the petrographic, geochemical characteristics, and potential geological and mineral resources in this formation have not been studied in detail. The aims of this study were (1) to obtain data on the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the rocks at Mount Gogorea, and (2) to determine the potential of metal minerals at the Gogorea location. The research was carried out at 4 observation points and 4 rock sampling points. Identification of petrographic and mineral characteristics was carried out megascopically and microscopically. Rock geochemical data were obtained using the AAS and ICP OES methods. The main rocks that make up the Geology of Mount Gogorea in the Wahlua formation are light-colored quartzite, granuloblastic texture, and non-foliated structure, various colored schist (reddish-brown-fawn and dark gray), lepidoblastic texture, foliated-schistose structure with mica as constituent minerals, phyllite greenish-gray, brownish to light in color, crystalloblastic texture with a smooth surface, and foliated-phyllitic structure, minerals making up mica, quartz, chlorite, and dark gneic rocks (greenish gray, dark gray, dark green), granoblastic texture and foliated-gneissic structure, with minerals in quartz, mica and hornblende rocks. The levels of precious metal Au were 16.7 ppm and 16.4 ppm, Hg was 2.49 ppm, As was 17 ppm while the highest base metal content was Mn at 925 ppm. Potential metal minerals at the Mount Gogorea location include precious metals (Au, Hg and As) and base metals such as manganese, zinc, barium, lead, copper and nickel. The presence of Au elements in rocks is associated with the levels of other elements, namely Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn.

Geomorphic responses due to the second-largest global producer of ceramic tiles in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Land use/land cover changes (LULCC) have modified the Earth’s surface. In especial, mining activities have been responsible for landscape changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales. The production of mineral commodities in Brazil represents almost 2 % of the country’s gross domestic product with non-metallic mining activities spread throughout the territory. The Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Polo (SGCP), located in the State of São Paulo, is the second-largest global producer of ceramic tiles and it is responsible for 70 % of the production of non-metallic mineral resources in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess geomorphic responses in the SGCP, using land use changes and geomorphological mapping in two study areas, in different scenarios (1962, 1988, 2010). The sedimentation rates were measured to estimate changes in the depositional dynamic due to expansion of the SGCP. The expansion of SGCP generated several geomorphic responses, such as topographic changes, hydrologic alteration, construction of landfill with roads, and erosive/depositional processes adjustments. The expansion of open pit mining areas occurred in Riparian Forestry and pasture areas, creating slope breaks with a groundwater withdrawal and decreasing the length of the river channels. The landfill with roads increased the surface runoff and, consequently, the linear erosive processes and the mass wasting in the slopes. The land displacement within the open pit mining areas, and in the quarry dumps, promoted an increase in the alluvial plains from 1962 to 2010, changing the average sedimentation rates from 26.5 mm yr−1 to 33.0 mm yr−1. The geomorphic responses allowed to comprehend the influence of human-landscape system in the SGCP. Finally, this study highlights the importance of studies involving geomorphic responses in areas with non-metallic mining activities, which could be used in different areas in Brazil or elsewhere.

Nano-silica from kaolinitic clay used as adsorbent for anionic and cationic dyes removal: linear and non-linear regression isotherms and kinetics studies

The increasing occurrence of wastewaters associated with industrial development has begotten a permanent search for new and more efficient techniques for the removal of hazardous substances such as heavy metals and dyes. The use of natural and available resources to develop improved and sustainable commodities for this purpose remains crucial and is among promising emerging green technologies for water treatment. It offers the gradual shifting of hazardous industrial chemicals precursors to the abundant non-metallic mineral resources that receive an added value. This work investigated the uptake capacity by the adsorption process of methylene blue (MB) and azocarmine G (AG) onto nano-silica synthesized from kaolinite clay. The effects of contact time (0-30 min), the adsorbent dosage (5-100 mg), the initial pH of the solution (1-11 for MB and 1-7 for AG), and the initial dye concentration (5-50 mg/L) were studied. The selected conditions to carry out kinetic and isotherm adsorption experiments were: 15 mins, 20 mg, 11 for MB, 1.01 for AG, and 50 mg/L. Four adsorption isotherms and three kinetic models were used to model the adsorption data thanks to linear and non-linear regression methods. From the obtained results, the Freundlich isotherm model fitted well the adsorption phenomenon while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described well the adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the free energy of adsorption was similar for the two absorbents, 0.71 kJ, pointing physisorption as the dominant adsorption mechanism. The optimum MB and AG uptake were respectively 13.8 and 36.1 mg/g. Conclusively, the nano-silica represents a potentially viable and powerful adsorbent whose use could lead to a plausible improvement in environmental preservation.

Compilation of Physical Input Output Table of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Japan and Application to Material Flow Indicators

Compilation of Physical Input Output Table of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Japan and Application to Material Flow Indicators

The study of the Mineral Composition in the Granite Rocks in the Village of Lhok Pawoh, South Aceh District


 
 
 
 The potential of non-metallic mineral resources in South Aceh is very diverse, such as one of the granite rocks located in Lhok Pawoh village, Sawang subdistrict. Granite rocks have a distinctive characteristic based on its constituent minerals. The purpose of this research is to obtain information about the constituent minerals in the granite rocks of Lhok Pawoh village. The research method uses X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique, then the observation of surface morphology is done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRF test results show that there are 14 phases of mineral identified as the constituent mineral phase, where the very dominant SiO2 mineral reaches 67.9%, then the mineral phase of Al2O3 by 15%, and the third Fe2O3 of 6.03%, and is followed by the other minor phase of minerals. As for the results of the morphological observation, the dominant element appears in several factors, namely Si, O, and Al. From the two testing and analysis methods can be concluded that the granite stone of the village Lhok Pawoh is dominated by silica elements, which can visually be seen in white.Copyright © 2018 Politeknik Aceh Selatan.
 
 
 

Types of metasomatic rocks: temperature conditions, buildups, features of composition, minerageny

The relevance of the work is due to the importance of metasomatic rocks associated many ore and non-metallic mineral resources. Purpose of the work: study of temperature conditions of formation, the characteristics of the chemical and mineral composition, the mineralogy of metasomatites. Results. The extended classification of the main types of metasomatic rocks (alkaline, basic, acidic) formed in the early alkaline and acid stages of the hydrothermal process is given. Temperature conditions of formation, features of chemical and mineral composition and metasomatite mineralogeny are considered. Alkaline metasomatites are subdivided into potassium (pyroxene phenites, microclinites, biotite-orthoclase metasomatites, gumbaites) and sodium (nepheline-pyroxene phenites, albites, sodic alterations). Deposits of tungsten, molybdenum, gold and uranium are associated with potassium metasomatites (gumbaites), and deposits of beryllium, lithium, tantalum, and niobium are associated with sodium metasomatites (albite). The main metasomatic rocks (basificates) include calcium and iron-magnesian metasomatites (calcareous and magnesian skarns, diopside-lapis lazuli metasomatites, rhodingites, kamaforites, carbonatites, apocarbonate calcites, dolomite-ankerite, magnesite and sideroplesite metasomatites). The formation of deposits of iron, boron, and phlogopite is associated with skarn; deposits of rare-earth elements, tantalum, niobium, and apatite are associated with carbonatites. Acid metasomatites are subdivided into aluminous and siliceous. Aluminous metasomatites include propylites, chloritolites, microcline-sericite and tourmaline-sericite metasomatites, secondary quartzites, argillizated rocks. Alumina deposits (kaolins, bentonites) are associated with secondary quartzites. Siliceous metasomatites include the largest number of species: uralite metasomatites, greisens, listvenites and berezites, chlorite-sericite-quartz and sericite-quartz metasomatites, charoitites, serpentinites, nephrites, anthophyllite metasomatites, carbonate-talc metasomatites and talcites, magnetite quartzites, jaspers, jasperoids. There is a group of metasomatites among them consisting of quartz in association with hydrous alumosilicates (muscovite, topaz, and chlorite). The other group includes low-alumina metasomatites, the mineral composition of which is dominated by hydrous calcium and magnesian silicates (charoite, serpentine, antophyllite, tremolite, talc). The third group is represented by metasomatites of quartz composition (magnetite quartzites, jaspers, jasperoids). The formation of deposits of iron, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, polymetals, nonmetallic raw materials (asbestos, talc, charoite, nephrite, jasper) is associated with siliceous metasomatites. Conclusions. According to the formation temperature, high-temperature (above 500o С), medium-temperature (500–300о С) and low-temperature (below 300o С) metasomatic rocks are distinguished. The average compositions of alkaline metasomatites are characterized by high concentrations of potassium or sodium oxides, the predominance of feldspars (orthoclase, microcline, albite) in association with pyroxenes, carbonates. The main metasomatites are distinguished by high contents of calcium, magnesium and iron oxides at low silica concentrations prevailing in the mineral composition of silicates (pyroxenes and garnets) or carbonates (calcite, dolomite, magnesite, breunnerite). The composition of acid metasomatites is characterized by high concentrations of alumina or silica, the predominance of hydrous aluminosilicates, silicates and quartz.

Chapter 9 Mineral resources and prospectivity of non-ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia

Abstract The mineral resources of the non-ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia and its Exclusive Economic Zone can be classified according to their host rocks. The metallic mineral resources are essentially associated with volcanic and magmatic activity. Non-economic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits with Cu and Au are located in the Late Carboniferous Koh Ophiolite and in the Late Cretaceous Poya Terrane. Base metals, Au and Ag of the sedimentary–exhalative type are present in the metamorphic Diahot-Panié Metamorphic Complex, associated with syn-rift volcanism. An Au–Sb metallogenic province is associated with the post-obduction Late Oligocene granitoids and co-genetic hydrothermal silica–carbonate (listwanite) zones in the Peridotite Nappe; Au is disseminated in the granites and Sb occurs as lodes in the silica–carbonate. Among the non-metallic mineral resources, barite, gypsum, magnesite, phosphate, clays, dimension stones, limestone for use as cement and as a neutralizer, and aggregates are all present. Gemstones such as jade and chrysoprase are only used locally. Late Cretaceous coal, which was briefly exploited in the past, is now considered to be a source rock for an offshore potential oil and gas system. Petroleum prospectivity is currently focused on the Fairway Basin. Several low-enthalpy thermo-mineral springs with a weak geothermal energy potential are known on Grande Terre.

Exploitation and use of non-metal mineral resources of the Tuzla Canton

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of potential non-metallic mineral resources in the area of Tuzla Canton. Available non-metallic mineral resources of the Tuzla Canton are classified into three groups: energy (coal), industrial processing (rock salt, limestone, quartz sand, brick clay and magnesite) and construction materials (gravel and sand). Identification of non-metallic mineral resources of Tuzla Canton described and enumerated all the resources by their importance and use, giving a brief analysis of their economic exploitation. Based on field research, current knowledge, collection of various information and documents, the author tries to point out in the paper the economic importance of non-metallic mineral resources and their participation in the economic development of the Tuzla Canton.

Devising Mineral Resource Supply Pathways to a Low-Carbon Electricity Generation by 2100

Achieving a “carbon neutral” world by 2100 or earlier in a context of economic growth implies a drastic and profound transformation of the way energy is supplied and consumed in our societies. In this paper, we use life-cycle inventories of electricity-generating technologies and an integrated assessment model (TIMES Integrated Assessment Model) to project the global raw material requirements in two scenarios: a second shared socioeconomic pathway baseline, and a 2 °C scenario by 2100. Material usage reported in the life-cycle inventories is distributed into three phases, namely construction, operation, and decommissioning. Material supply dynamics and the impact of the 2 °C warming limit are quantified for three raw fossil fuels and forty-eight metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources. Depending on the time horizon, graphite, sand, sulfur, borates, aluminum, chromium, nickel, silver, gold, rare earth elements or their substitutes could face a sharp increase in usage as a result of a massive installation of low-carbon technologies. Ignoring nonfuel resource availability and value in deep decarbonation, circular economy, or decoupling scenarios can potentially generate misleading, contradictory, or unachievable climate policies.

Strategic Research on Nonmetallic Mineral Resources for Building Materials in China

Strategic Research on Nonmetallic Mineral Resources for Building Materials in China

Closing the TIMES Integrated Assessment Model (TIAM‐FR) Raw Materials Gap with Life Cycle Inventories

SummaryIntegrated assessment models are in general not constrained by mineral resource supply. In this paper, we introduce a material accounting method as a first step toward addressing the raw materials gap in the TIMES integrated assessment model (TIAM‐FR version). The method consists of attributing process‐based life cycle inventories (LCIs) taken from the ecoinvent 3.3 database to the TIAM‐FR technology processes constituting the global energy system. We demonstrate the method performing a prospective exercise on the electricity‐generating sector in a second shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP2) baseline scenario on the 2010–2100 time horizon. We start by disaggregating the LCIs into three separate life phases (construction, operation, and decommissioning) and coupling them to their respective TIAM‐FR electric outputs (new capacities, electricity production, and end‐of‐life capacities) in order to estimate the annual mineral resource requirements. Prospective uses of fossil fuels and metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources are quantified dynamically at the life phase and regional levels (15 world regions). The construction of hydropower, solar power, and wind power plants generate increasing use of metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources in successive peak and valley periods. However, the use of fossil fuels is much higher than the use of mineral resources all along the horizon. Finally, we evaluate how sensitive the global material use is to the allocation of a share of infrastructure activities to the decommissioning phase. This approach could be extended to other integrated assessment models and possibly other energy sectors.

Comparison of Drilling Practices for the Exploration of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Korea and Overseas

Comparison of Drilling Practices for the Exploration of Non-metallic Mineral Resources in Korea and Overseas

TRENDS IN MINERAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT AT THE TURN OF THE CENTUARY

Important trends in development of world's mineral complex at the beginning of the 21st century are increase of supply and demand for mineral materials differentiated for various metals and nonmetallic mineral resources, regions and countries; concentration of production of mineral commodities in small number of countries; falling availability of economic reserves of raw materials for world economy even at current level of material extraction. The tendencies should be taken into account when working out strategy of development of Russian mineral base.

ОЦЕНКА МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ МЕТОДОМ ГЕОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА

In the article the application method of geological and economic monitoring for the problem solution of mineral and mineral resources potential evaluation of the territory is described by means of the cost method taking into account the expediency and perspectives of investing into additional exploration and shifting of field reserves to the industrial A+B+C1 categories and transferring forecast resources under P1+P2+P3 cate-gories into geological reserves of C2 category regarding nonmetallic minerals. Having executed the mineral resources potential evaluation of the Bryansk region by means of geologi-cal and economic monitoring method, it should be noted that the Bryansk region takes one of the leading positions among constituent entities of Central Federal District of the Russian Federation by the level of min- eral resource potential. Construction materials take the largest share in nonmetallic mineral resources base; the share of the peat fields of the open acreage is high. Mineral-raw material complex of the region are the most developed in the north-east where the main enterprises of the re-gion mineral-raw material complex are concentrated. A number of exploited and reserve nonmetallic mineral fields allow organizing quite a large and highly effec-tive production of qualitative construction materials in the area.

점토광물의 식품산업분야 활용 방안

There are more than 2000 minerals on earth, and it has been implemented in various fields such as environment, architecture, livestock, chemistry, pharmaceuticals. Clay minerals are considered that they can change the physical and chemical properties through the adsorption and release of metal ions. Although domestic deposit of non-metallic mineral resources is approximately ninety-six billion tons, its application is limited and has hardly been used in high value-added industries involved in medicine, medical supplies, and functional food materials. Bentonite and zeolite are already used for cosmetic purposes and also used in living goods and packing materials. However, direct application to the food industry is relatively very rare. Since records regarding the intake of minerals for foods and medicines are found in the old literatures, the utilization of non-metallic minerals as food materials appears to be highly profitable. According to the trends in patent research for food and mineral resources, the company plays a main role for the development of the food containing non-metallic minerals in USA, and the trends confirms that this industry is emerging. Here, we provided the information about domestic and foreign patent trend for food industries involved in mineral resources and the application of mineral resources in the food industries. We also covered the domestic regulation regarding usage of mineral resources in food, and proposed domestic application plan for food production using mineral resources in the future.

A Review of Exploitation, Utilization and Strategic Research of Nonmetallic Minerals in China

The history of mineral consumption in developed countries indicates that the higher the development degree of one country is, the more significant role the nonmetallic minerals plays in the national economy, which our country will go through again. This paper hackles the development, utilization and strategic research of the nonmetallic minerals in china, on the basis of emerging industry plan and the high-tech industry development trend. The research hotspots have been further discussed in this field, which provides the direction for China from a country with rich nonmetallic mineral resources to a great power in quality.In the course of the human history, the nonmetallic minerals have played a significant part in it all along. The history of mineral consumption in developed countries makes it clear that the higher the development degree of a country is, the more significant role the nonmetallic minerals play in the national economy. Therefore, with a combination of the emerging industry and the high-tech industry, it is of great significance to have a review of the development, utilization and strategic research of the nonmetallic minerals in China.

An Overview of the Mechanism of Non-Metallic Materials for Energy-Saving and Environment-Protection

Industry development Planning for Energy Saving and Environmental Protection in Twelfth Five Year has proposed that market share for efficient energy-saving technology and equipment will be raised from less than 5% at present to about 30% in 2015, and the output value will reach 500 billion yuan. The 18th National Congress of the CPC has proposed to put ecological civilization construction in a prominent position to build a beautiful China. State Council of China issued the Prevention Action Plan for air Pollution in 2013. It is a tough task and a long way to go. How can we realize the planning goal Many non-metallic mineral materials have good applications in energy saving and environment protection. China is abundant in various non-metallic mineral resources. Therefore, development for non-metallic mineral resources for energy saving and environmental protection has good prospects. The paper gives an overview of the mechanism of several main non-metallic materials for energy-saving and environment-protection.

멕시코 시나올라주의 지질 및 금속광물자원

멕시코 시나올라(Sinaola)주의 지질은 하부로부터 선캠브리아기 변성암(Sonobari Complex), 두 개의 고생대층(하부: 미분화된 변성암, 상부: 석탄기 퇴적암), 변성화산암, 쇄설암, 탄산염암으로 구성된 5개의 중생대층, 화산암으로 구성된 신생대 암석, 제 4기의 쇄설성 퇴적층과 화산류로 구성되어 있다. 시나올라주는 잠재적으로 금속광물자원이 풍부하며 비금속광물은 적은 편이다. 광상들은 다양한 지질환경과 관련되어 있고 지형학상 시에라 마드레 옥시덴탈(Sierra Madre Occidental)에 부존되어 있는 것이 특징적이다. 주로 알려진 광상은 금과 은이며 뒤를 이어 아연, 연, 동과 일부 철이 분포한다. 시나올라주는 가끔 가행하고 있는 몰리브데늄, 텅스텐, 비스무스 광상도 부존되어 있다. 니켈과 코발트도 부존이 알려져 있으나 단지 소규모로 개발되었음이 보고되고 있다. The geology of Sinaola state consists of Precambrian metamorphic rocks(Sonobari Complex), two Paleozoic units(lower non-differentiated metamorphic rocks and upper Carboniferous sedimentary rocks), five Mesozoic units(metavolcanic, clastic, and calcareous rocks), Cenozoic volcanic rocks, and Quaternary clastic sediments and volcanic flows. The Sinaola state is potentially rich in metallic mineral resources with lower degree of non-metallic mineral resources. They are related to a variety of geological environments and are mainly physiographically located on the Sierra Madre Occidental. Mainly known mineral deposits are of gold and silver followed by zinc, lead, copper and some iron. The state also has deposits of molybdenum, tungsten and bismuth that have been occasionally exploited. There is a reference of nickel and cobalt mineralization, but these deposits have been exploited only at a small scale.