Nonlinear Scalar Field Models Research Articles

Dynamics of strongly interacting kink-antikink pairs for scalar fields on a line

This paper concerns classical nonlinear scalar field models on the real line. If the potential is a symmetric double well, then such a model admits static solutions called kinks and antikinks, which are among the simplest examples of topological solitons. We study pure kink-antikink pairs, which are solutions that converge in one infinite time direction to a superposition of one kink and one antikink, without radiation. Our main result is a complete classification of all kink-antikink pairs in the strongly interacting regime, which means the speeds of the kinks tend asymptotically to zero. We show that up to translation there is exactly one such solution, and we give a precise description of the dynamics of the kink separation.

Creating oscillons and oscillating kinks in two scalar field theories.

Oscillons are time-dependent, localized in space, extremely long-lived states in nonlinear scalar-field models, while kinks are topological solitons in one spatial dimension. In the present work, we show new classes of oscillons and oscillating kinks in a system of two nonlinearly coupled scalar fields in 1+1 spatiotemporal dimensions. The solutions contain a control parameter, the variation of which produces oscillons and kinks with a flat-top shape. The model finds applications in condensed matter, cosmology, and high-energy physics.

Lightlike shell solitons of extremal space-time film

New exact solution class of Born—Infeld type nonlinear scalar field model is obtained. The variational principle of this model has a specific form which is characteristic for extremal four-dimensional hypersurface or hyper-film in five-dimensional space-time. Obtained solutions are singular solitons propagating with speed of light and having energy, momentum, and angular momentum which can be calculated for explicit conditions. Such solitons will be called the lightlike ones. The soliton singularity has a form of moving two-dimensional surface or shell. The lightlike soliton can have a set of tubelike singular shells with the appropriate cavities. A twisted lightlike soliton is considered. It is notable that its energy is proportional to its angular momentum in high-frequency approximation. A case with one tubelike cavity is considered. In this case the soliton shell is diffeomorphic to a cylindrical surface with threads by multifilar helix. The shell transverse size of the appropriate finite energy soliton can be converging to zero at infinity. The ideal gas of such lightlike solitons with minimal twist parameter is considered in a finite volume. Explicit conditions provide that the angular momentum of each soliton in the volume equals Planck constant. The equilibrium energy spectral density for the solitons is obtained. It has the form of Planck distribution in some approximation. A beam of the twisted lightlike solitons is considered. The representation of arbitrary polarization for the beam with the twisted lightlike solitons is discussed. It is shown that the effect of mechanical angular momentum transfer to absorbent by the circularly polarized beam can be provided. This effect is well known for photon beam. Thus the soliton solution which have determinate likeness with photon is obtained in particular.

About long-range interaction of spheroidal solitons in scalar field nonlinear model

The nonlinear scalar field model of space-time film (Born – Infeld type nonlinear scalar field model) is considered. Its spherically symmetrical solution is obtained. This solution gives the class of moving solitary solutions or solitons with the Lorentz transformation. We consider the distant interaction between such spheroidal solitons or spherons. This interaction is caused by the nonlinearity of the model. Starting from the static configuration with two spherons we show that the interaction under investigation is similar to electromagnetic one.

Phase transitions in thick branes endorsed by entropic information

The so-called configurational entropy (CE) framework has proved to be an efficient instrument to study nonlinear scalar field models featuring solutions with spatially-localised energy, since its proposal by Gleiser and Stamapoulos. Therefore, in this work, we apply this new physical quantity in order to investigate the properties of degenerate Bloch branes. We show that it is possible to construct a configurational entropy measure in functional space from the field configurations, where a complete set of exact solutions for the model studied displays both double and single-kink configurations. Our study shows a rich internal structure of the configurations, where we observe that the field configurations undergo a quick phase transition, which is endorsed by information entropy. Furthermore, the Bloch configurational entropy is employed to demonstrate a high organisational degree in the structure of the configurations of the system, stating that there is a best ordering for the solutions.

Lightlike solitons with spin

New exact solution class of Born - Infeld type nonlinear scalar field model is obtained. These solutions are three-dimensional solitons propagating with speed of light. The appropriate twisted solitons are considered. Energy and absolute value of momentum for such soliton are proportional to absolute value of its angular momentum or spin in some approximation. The model of ideal gas for the twisted lightlike solitons with lowest twist parameter is considered. Explicit conditions provide that the spin of each soliton equals Planck constant. It is shown that these solitons look like photons.

Entropic measure for localized energy configurations: Kinks, bounces, and bubbles

We construct a configurational entropy measure in functional space. We apply it to several nonlinear scalar field models featuring solutions with spatially-localized energy, including solitons and bounces in one spatial dimension, and critical bubbles in three spatial dimensions, typical of first-order phase transitions. Such field models are of widespread interest in many areas of physics, from high energy and cosmology to condensed matter. Using a variational approach, we show that the higher the energy of a trial function that approximates the actual solution, the higher its relative configurational entropy, defined as the absolute difference between the configurational entropy of the actual solution and of the trial function. Furthermore, we show that when different trial functions have degenerate energies, the configurational entropy can be used to select the best fit to the actual solution. The configurational entropy relates the dynamical and informational content of physical models with localized energy configurations.

Periodic standing-wave approximation: Computations in full general relativity

The periodic standing-wave method studies circular orbits of compact objects coupled to helically symmetric standing-wave gravitational fields. From this solution an approximation is extracted for the strong field, slowly inspiralling motion of binary black holes and binary neutron stars. Previous work on this project has developed a method using a few multipoles of specially adapted coordinates well suited both to the radiation and the source regions. This method had previously been applied to linear and nonlinear scalar field models, to linearized gravity, and to a post-Minkowski approximation. Here we present the culmination of this approach: the application of the method in full general relativity. The fundamental equations had previously been developed and the challenge presented by this step is primarily a computational one which was approached with an innovative technique. The numerical results of these computations are compared with the corresponding results from linearized and post-Minkowksi computations.

Emergence of complex spatio-temporal order in nonlinear field theories

We investigate the emergence of time-dependent nonperturbative configurations during the evolution of nonlinear scalar field models with symmetric and asymmetric double-well potentials. Complex spatio-temporal behavior emerges as the system seeks to establish equipartition after a fast quench. We show that fast quenches may dramatically modify the decay rate of metastable states in first order phase transitions. We discuss possible applications in condensed matter systems and in inflationary cosmology.