Nonlinear Correlation Algorithm Research Articles

Optical authentication method based on correspondence ghost imaging.

Ghost imaging technology has a great application potential in optical security because of its non-local characteristics. In this paper, on the basis of computational ghost imaging, an optical authentication scheme is proposed that utilizes the correspondence imaging technique for the preliminary reconstruction of the object image, and then authenticates the image by a nonlinear correlation algorithm. Different from the previous optical authentication schemes that usually adopted random selection of measurements, this authentication method consciously selects the bucket detector measurement values with large fluctuation and can achieve authentication using ultra-low data volumes less than 1% of the Nyquist limit. In brief, this scheme is easy to implement and has a simpler algorithm and higher stability, which is a tremendous advantage in practical optical authentication systems. The simulation and physical experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme.

Learning-based optical authentication in complex scattering media

In recent years, optical encryption has become a promising method for securing information. However, optical cryptosystems have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to the attacking algorithms. Therefore, it is highly desirable that new optical cryptosystems can be continuously developed to achieve the higher security and withstand the attacks. In this paper, learning-based optical authentication in complex scattering media is proposed and experimentally verified. The ciphertext is generated by using an optical setup in complex scattering media, and a learning model is developed and trained to generate security keys. Moreover, other parameters, e.g., virtual phase-only masks, can be flexibly designed and used to further enlarge key space. The training pairs fed to the designed leaning model consist of specially processed images (i.e., acting as plaintexts) and speckle patterns (i.e., ciphertexts) recorded by CCD. The retrieved plaintexts obtained from the trained learning model cannot visually render recognizable information, and can be effectively authenticated by using nonlinear correlation algorithm. Optical experiments are conducted to verify effectiveness and applicability of the proposed learning-based optical authentication in complex scattering media to achieve the higher security and withstand the attacks. © Elsevier

Virtually optical information verification with a hierarchical structure

A virtually optical system with a hierarchical structure is designed for optical verification. At each hierarchical level, two phase-only masks are alternately generated using an iterative approach and then are sparsified. All sparse phase-only masks generated at the lower hierarchical levels are fixed and applied as constraints at the higher hierarchical level. Since sparse phase-only masks are applied for the decoding, the recovered images are invisible and instead can be further verified by a nonlinear correlation algorithm. The results are presented to show validity of the proposed method, and the proposed method provides a promising strategy for optical verification.

Image authentication based on double-image encryption and partial phase decryption in nonseparable fractional Fourier domain

In this paper an image authentication scheme is proposed based on double-image encryption and partial phase decryption in nonseparable Fractional Fourier transform domain. Two original images are combined and transformed into the nonseparable fractional Fourier domain. Only part of the phase information of the encrypted result is kept for decryption while the rest part of phase and all the amplitude information are discarded. The two recovered images are hardly recognized by visual inspection but can be authenticated by the nonlinear correlation algorithm. The numerical simulations demonstrate the viability and validity of the proposed image authentication scheme.

Image Authentication Using Only Partial Phase Information from a Double-Random-Phase-Encrypted Image in the Fresnel Domain

The double-random phase encryption (DRPE) algorithm is a robust technique for image encryption, due to its high speed and encoding a primary image to stationary white noise. Recently it was reported that DRPE in the Fresnel domain can achieve a better avalanche effect than that in Fourier domain, which means DRPE in the Fresnel domain is much safer, to some extent. Consequently, a method based on DRPE in the Fresnel domain would be a good choice. In this paper we present an image-authentication method which uses only partial phase information from a double-random-phase-encrypted image in the Fresnel domain. In this method, only part of the phase information of an image encrypted with DRPE in the Fresnel domain needs to be kept, while other information like amplitude values can be eliminated. Then, with the correct phase keys (we do not consider wavelength and distance as keys here) and a nonlinear correlation algorithm, the encrypted image can be authenticated. Experimental results demonstrate that the encrypted images can be successfully authenticated with this partial phase plus nonlinear correlation technique.

Optical authentication via photon-synthesized ghost imaging using optical nonlinear correlation

We present a method for optical authentication via photon-synthesized ghost imaging using optical nonlinear correlation. In ghost imaging, multiple series of photons recorded at the object beam arm can be arbitrarily controlled for the generation of synthesized objects. Ghost imaging with sparse reference intensity patterns provides a channel to effectively modulate the noise-like synthesized objects during the recovery, and the reconstructed (noise-like) objects, i.e., added or subtracted information, can be further authenticated by optical nonlinear correlation algorithm. It is expected that the proposed method can provide an effective and promising alternative for ghost-imaging-based optical processing.

Double random phase encoding using phase reservation and compression

In recent years, various studies have been conducted to illustrate the vulnerability of double random phase encoding (DRPE). In this paper, we propose a novel method via phase reservation and compression to enhance DRPE security. Only a compressed phase distribution is available in the CCD plane, and the amplitude component is not available or requested for optical decryption. Since only noise-like distributions can be obtained by using the correct security keys during optical decryption, a nonlinear correlation algorithm is further applied for authenticating the decrypted image. It is demonstrated that valid conditions for attack algorithms are broken and high security can be achieved for the DRPE system.

Nonlinear correlation for estimating the motion of multiple objects in image sequences

A nonlinear correlation algorithm is proposed for estimating the motion of objects from an image pair. This algorithm requires no a priori information on the number, size, or shape of the moving objects and does not require feature extraction or segmentation of either image. The algorithm directly yields information on the number of moving objects, the motion of the objects, and the size of the objects. Additional processing can be performed to yield the centroid of the objects in either frame. The utility of the resulting algorithm is demonstrated by application to a pair of example image sequences.