Non-involved Group Research Articles

Glioblastomas at the white matter of temporo-parietal junction cause a poor postoperative independence level.

Right cerebral hemispheric glioblastomas (GBMs) often decrease the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score postoperatively, despite the patient having sufficient patient function while performing daily living. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that could cause poor KPS scores during the postoperative chronic phase in patients with right cerebral hemispheric GBMs. Data of 47 patients with newly diagnosed right cerebral hemispheric GBMs were analyzed. All patients were assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively to determine KPS and brain function. To determine tumor location related to the postoperative KPS scores, we used voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). The patients were divided into two groups (involvement and non-involvement groups) based on whether their lesion involved a significant region identified by VLSM. We then compared functional factors and prognosis between the groups using the chi-squared and log-rank tests, respectively. The KPS score significantly decreased after surgery compared to that preoperatively measured (p = 0.023). VLSM revealed that tumors in the white matter of temporo-parietal junction (WM-TPJ) caused a significant decline in the KPS score at three months postoperatively. The patients in the involvement group had a higher probability of impaired attention, visuospatial cognition, emotion recognition, and visual field than did those in the non-involvement group. In addition, tumor in the WM-TPJ were associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.039 and 0.023, respectively). GBMs involving the right WM-TPJ are more likely to result in poor postoperative KPS scores and prognoses. Impairments of several kinds of brain functions caused by tumor invasion to the WM-TPJ may be associated with lower KPS scores.

Impact of resident participation on surgical outcomes in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.

To compare surgical outcomes in patients with benign diseases who underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) to determine the association between surgical outcomes and resident participation in the gynecologic field. A single-center retrospective study was conducted of patients diagnosed with benign gynecologic diseases who underwent LAVH between January 2010 and December 2015. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between the resident involvement and non-involvement groups. The primary endpoint was the 30-day postoperative morbidity. Observers were propensity matched for 17 covariates for resident involvement or non-involvement. Of the 683 patients involved in the study, 165 underwent LAVH with resident involvement and 518 underwent surgery without resident involvement. After propensity score matching (157 observations), 30-day postoperative morbidity occurred in 6 (3.8%) and 4 (2.5%) patients in the resident involvement and non-involvement groups, respectively (P = 0.501). The length of hospital stay differed significantly between the two groups: 5 days in the resident involvement group and 4 days in the non-involvement group (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Charlson Comorbidity Index >2 (odds ratio [OR] 8.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68-23.96; P < 0.001), operative time (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03; P < 0.001), and estimated blood loss (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 30-day morbidity, but resident involvement was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the 30-day morbidity rate when residents participated in LAVH. These findings suggest that resident participation in LAVH may be a viable approach to ensure both residency education and patient safety.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Fellow-Eye Involvement in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Children With Unilateral Glaucoma.

Among children with unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), 7 of 47 demonstrated involvement in the fellow eye, and that group had had earlier first-eye surgery relative to the noninvolvement group. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for fellow-eye involvement in children with unilateral SWS-associated glaucoma. Children diagnosed with a unilateral facial port-wine stain and ipsilateral glaucoma before the age of 5 and followed up for at least 5 years were enrolled. The incidence rates of fellow-eye glaucoma involvement were estimated per 100 person-years, and factors associated with a higher incidence of fellow-eye involvement were investigated. A total of 47 children [24 (51.1%) girls] with unilateral SWS-associated glaucoma were included. All of them had facial port-wine stain involving ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and 18 (38.3%) had neurological comorbidities. The mean age at glaucoma diagnosis was 0.8±1.2 years [range, 0.08 (1mo)-4.0y]. Over a median follow-up of 8.4 years, glaucoma was diagnosed in the fellow eye of 7 of the children (14.9%; incidence rate of 1.8 per 100 person-years), 6 of whom were girls ( P =0.097) and 5 of whom were diagnosed before the age of 4 years ( P =0.508). The fellow-eye-involvement group showed significantly higher mean follow-up intraocular pressure in the fellow eye, older age at first-eye surgery (both P <0.005), and higher frequency of choroidal hemangioma both at first onset and in fellow eyes ( P =0.026 and 0.019, respectively). In this cohort of SWS children diagnosed with unilateral glaucoma, the risk of fellow-eye involvement was higher in girls, within the first 4 years, and in cases with choroidal hemangioma. The fellow-eye-involved children underwent surgery on the first eye earlier than those without fellow-eye involvement.

Brusellozda Kas İskelet Tutulumunda Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme ve İnflamatuar Belirteçlerin Tanıya Katkısı

Objective: Musculoskeletal involvement in brucellosis is very important. This study aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and hematological parameters as a predictive value for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal brucellosis. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted between June 2011 and November 2019 in a university hospital. Ninety-nine patients with the confirmed diagnosis of brucellosis without musculoskeletal involvement and forty-three brucellosis patients with musculoskeletal involvement were examined. The hematological, biochemical parameters, and radiological imaging findings of both groups were recorded. These parameters were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the patients (non-involvement group) and musculoskeletal involvement groups was 44.04 ± 23.11 and 37.92 ± 24.80 years, respectively (P = 0.062). C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly higher in the musculoskeletal involvement group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The lower lymphocyte level was statistically significant in this group. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 65% for ALP, 77% and 58% for CRP, 83% and 45% for lymphopenia, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the other hematological and biochemical parameters. Spondylodiscitis (34.8%) was the most common MRI finding in patients with musculoskeletal involvement. Conclusions: Our study results show that CRP, ALP, and lymphopenia can be used as valuable markers in the preliminary diagnosis of musculoskeletal brucellosis.

The integral contributions of parental involvement and parenting style to adolescent adjustments: a regression mixture analysis.

The integrative model of parenting has highlighted the integral contributions of parental involvement (quantity) and parenting style (quality) to adolescent psychological adjustments. The first aim of this study was to adopt the person-centered approach to identify profiles of parental involvement (quantity) and parenting styles (quality). The second purpose was to examine the associations between different parenting profiles and adolescent psychological adjustments. A cross-sectional online survey with families (N = 930) that included fathers, mothers, and adolescents (50% female, M age = 14.37 ± 2.31) was conducted in mainland China. The fathers and mothers reported their level of parental involvement; the adolescents rated fathers' and mothers' parenting styles, as well as their own levels of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and loneliness. Latent profile analysis was adopted to identify parenting profiles using the standardized scores of fathers' and mothers' involvement and style (warmth and rejection). The regression mixture model was used to examine the relationships between different parenting profiles and adolescent psychological adjustments. Four classes best characterized the parenting behaviors: warm involvement (52.6%), neglecting noninvolvement (21.4%), rejecting noninvolvement (21.4%), and rejecting involvement (4.6%). Adolescents in the warm involvement group scored lowest on anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and loneliness. Adolescents in rejecting involvement group scored highest on psychological adjustment indicators. Adolescents in neglecting noninvolvement group scored lower on anxiety symptoms than those in rejecting noninvolvement group. Adolescents in the warm involvement group adjusted best, while adolescents in the rejecting involvement group adjusted worst among all groups. To promote adolescents' mental health, intervention programs need to consider both parental involvement and parenting styles simultaneously.

The imaging features and prognosis of gliomas involving the subventricular zone: An MRI study

Rationale and objectivesAs the largest concentrated region of neural stem cells in the adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is considered to have a close relationship with the origin of gliomas. An in-depth study of the characteristic manifestations associated with SVZ involvement in glioma may provide new ideas for individualized diagnosis and treatment of this fatal disease. Materials and methodsAll 279 patients with glioma who underwent surgical treatment in our department from January 2016 to December 2021 were included. Clinical and imaging data were collected, and telephonic follow-up was conducted to analyze the overall survival and progression-free survival. Prognostic factors including SVZ involvement on glioblastoma patients’ survival were analyzed. Next, the relationship between SVZ involvement, a set of unique imaging features and gene status were determined respectively. The chi-squared test, logistics regression, and Cox regression were used for statistical analysis. ResultsThe patients were divided into the SVZ involvement group (n = 198, 70.97 %) and SVZ non-involvement group (n = 81, 29.03 %). The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 13 months and 7 months for the SVZ involvement group, but 25 months and 17 months for the SVZ non-involvement group, respectively. In multivariate Cox survival analysis, MRI SVZ involvement proved an independent risk factor for the survival of patients with glioblastoma. The patients with SVZ involvement sign had a lower rate of cystic lesion (32.32 % vs. 48.48 %, p = 0.029), and a larger mean maximum diameter (5.88 ± 1.28 vs. 3.28 ± 1.65 cm). Compared with high grade gliomas (HGG), T1 enhancement (25.25 % vs. 10.42 %, p = 0.041) and homogeneous signal on T2WI (14.14 % vs. 43.75 %, p = 0.025) were independently associated with SVZ involvement in WHO grade 2 gliomas(LGG). In the gene status analysis, the SVZ involvement group showed the lower rate of MGMT promoter methylation (57.58 % vs. 79.17 %, p = 0.017). ConclusionSVZ involvement in MRI at diagnosis is an independent negative prognostic indicator for the survival of glioblastoma patients. Some image signs are associated with SVZ involvement in HGG and LGG respectively. The unique imaging and gene features of gliomas with SVZ involvement indicate that this kind of tumor maybe a unique subgroup of gliomas.

Scrotal involvement in childhood immunoglobulin A associated vasculitis

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and clinic findings in immunoglobulin A-associated vasculitis (IgAV) patients with scrotal involvement and also to determine predictive factors for assessing the development of scrotal involvement. Materiel and Methods: The medical records of 181 boys who were diagnosed with IgAV in the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic of our center between September 2015-January 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total number of 181 boys with IgAV included in the study. Twenty-seven (14.9%) of the 181 boys with IgAV had scrotal involvement. Among the scrotal-involved patients, 160 boys (88.4%) had scrotal swelling, 120 (66.3%) had erythema and 145 (80.1%) had scrotal pain or tenderness. Scrotal involvement was the first symptom of IgAV in one patient. CRP and WBC were significantly higher in the scrotal-involved group compared to the non-involved group (p=0.018, p=0.04, respectively). There were no significant differences in clinical findings and organ involvements between two groups. On ultrasonography, bilateral scrotal soft tissue thickening was observed in all patients. In 130 of the patients (71.8%), the epididymis was swollen with increased vascularity. The size, echogenicity and vascularity of the testicles were within normal limits. Eighty-seven of the patients (48%) were given steroids, 22 of them (11.7%) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Conclusion: Scrotal involvement in boys with IgAV is not rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with scrotal pain, swelling and erythema. In addition, inflammatory markers may be higher in patients with scrotal involvement.

Racial/Ethnic Bullying Subtypes and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Among US Adolescents.

The study examines the rate of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among White, African American, and Latino adolescents and whether racial/ethnic bullying subtypes (victim-only, bullies-only, and bully/victim) are related to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. We used data from the 2009-2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 9863) to examine differences in alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among White, African American, and Latino adolescents in the USA, and assessed whether racial/ethnic bullying involvement was associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among these adolescents. Adolescents were categorized into four groups based on whether they had experienced racial bullying perpetration, victimization, both perpetration, and victimization, or neither perpetration nor victimization. Descriptive statistics were conducted to examine the distributions of the study variables and describe the samples. Spearman's rank-order correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships among the variables. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among the racial bully victimization, perpetration, and victimization-perpetration groups compared to the non-involved group by race/ethnicity. The White victim-only group was more likely to use alcohol but less likely to use tobacco. The African American victim-only group was more likely to use alcohol, and the bully/victim group was more likely to use marijuana. The Latino victim-only group was more likely to use alcohol, whereas the bully/victim group was more likely to use tobacco. Our findings have implications for the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs across different racial/ethnic adolescent groups.

How Adolescents Cope with Bullying at School: Exploring Differences Between Pure Victim and Bully-Victim Roles

The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of specific coping strategies by bullied adolescents, taking account of the distinction between pure victims and bully-victims, as well as gender-specific patterns. Participants were 967 adolescents aged 11–16 years, who responded to self-report questionnaires on school bullying victimization, cognitive coping, and situational coping. Adolescents in the pure victim, bully-victim, and noninvolved groups did not differ in their use of approach coping. However, pure victims and bully-victims used more avoidance coping than noninvolved adolescents. Compared with the latter, pure victims reported greater use of avoidance coping strategies such as internalizing and self-blame, while female pure victims also reported greater use of rumination. Both male and female bully-victims were characterized by higher use of blaming others and self-blame strategies, compared with the noninvolved group. In addition, rumination, catastrophizing, cognitive distancing, and externalizing scores were higher for male bully-victims than for either noninvolved participants or pure bullies. Identifying these differing coping strategies may be useful in developing more effective counselling strategies for the victims of bullying.

Joint Developmental Trajectories of Bullying and Victimization from Childhood to Adolescence: A Parallel-Process Latent Class Growth Analysis.

Previous studies have shown that bullying and victimization can be experienced simultaneously by an individual and can change over time. Understanding the joint longitudinal development of the two is of great significance. We conducted a 4-year longitudinal study to examine the joint developmental trajectories of bullying and victimization, gender and grade differences in trajectory group membership, and changes in specific forms of bullying and victimization (verbal, relational, and physical bullying /victimization) in each trajectory group. A total of 775 children from China participated in our study. The average age of participants at the first wave was 10.90 years (SD = 1.12), and boys accounted for 69.5% of the sample. Based on mean scores, four distinct joint developmental trajectories of bullying and victimization were found: the involvement group (both bullying and victimization increased from low to high over time, accounting for 7.6% of the total), the desisted group (both bullying and victimization decreased from high to low over time, 6.1%), the victimization group (victimization remained at a high level, whereas bullying remained at a low level for 3 years, 13.2%), and the noninvolved group (bullying and victimization remained at a stable low level, 73.1%). Boys were more likely than girls to belong to the involvement group, desisted group, and victimization group, whereas girls were more likely than boys to belong to the noninvolved group. There was no significant grade difference in the trajectory group. All forms of bullying/victimization were consistent with the overall trend and showed similar levels. These results have important implications for the prevention of and interventions for school bullying.

Predictors of female genital organ involvement in radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A single-center retrospective analysis of 112 female patients

ObjectivesTo evaluate predictors of organ involvement and oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy with anterior exenteration in female patients. MethodsAmong 1198 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for the bladder tumor between 1990 and 2015, 178 (14.9%) patients were female. They were divided into two groups according to pelvic involvement in pathology. Their medical records and pathology and image findings were reviewed retrospectively. Non-urothelial cell carcinoma and no genital organ pathology were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to predict factors associated with female organ involvement. ResultsOut of 112 eligible female patients with urothelial cell carcinoma, 11 (9.8%) had female genital organ involvement. Female genital organ involvement occurred primarily in the uterus (63.6%) mostly. The 5-year overall survival rates were 67.3% in the non-involvement group and 18.9% in the involvement group. On multivariate analysis Tumor location of trigone or bladder neck at transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-B) (odds ratio [OR] 19.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.89–230.68, p = 0.0056), maximum tumor size at computed tomography (CT) (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.29–4.34, p = 0.0095), and hydronephrosis at CT (OR 17.61, 95% CI 2.28–296.26, p = 0.0158) were associated with female organ involvement. ConclusionsTumor location of trigone or bladder neck at TUR-B, maximum tumor size at CT or hydronephrosis at CT were significant factors to predict female genital organ involvement. Preoperative recognition of female genital organ involvement could increase the decision to perform genital organ-sparing surgeries.

Comparison of psychological and social characteristics among traditional, cyber, combined bullies, and non-involved

This study analysed the psychological and social characteristics of bullies involved in traditional and cyberbullying. The responses of 11,117 Korean elementary, middle, and high school students were analysed. Results indicate that the rate of traditional bullying was higher than the rate of cyberbullying. The four groups (traditional bullies, cyberbullies, combined bullies, and non-involved) showed significant differences in the degree of aggression, self-control, violence exposure, and social support. Compared to the non-involved group, violence exposure significantly predicted traditional, cyber, and combined bullying. High aggression and low self-control significantly predicted both traditional and combined bullying, while low social support significantly predicted only cyberbullying.

Correlation between the level of serum anterior gradient 2 and clinical pathological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

Objective To determine the levels of serum anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) before and after treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, and investigate the relationship of AGR2 and clinical pathological characteristics of NPC patients. Methods The serum levels of AGR2 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 55 NPC patients (NPC group) before and after treatment, 30 patients with nasopharyngeal inflammation (inflammation group) and 20 healthy controls (health control group). The correlations between serum AGR2 before and after treatment and clinical pathological characteristics of NPC were analyzed. The NPC patients received radiotherapy and were followed up for 6 months, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The serum AGR2 levels in NPC group before treatment, inflammation group and health control group were (22.92±5.24)μg/L, (9.50±4.15)μg/L and (8.75±2.18)μg/L respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=268.400, P=0.000). The level of serum AGR2 in NPC group was obviously higher than that in inflammation group (t=14.241, P=0.000) and health control group (t=15.254, P=0.000). The level of serum AGR2 in NPC group after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment [(15.15±10.33)μg/L vs. (22.92±5.24)μg/L, t=12.774, P=0.000]. In NPC patients, serum AGR2 levels of clinical Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage group before and after treatment were higher than those of clinical Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage group (t=5.938, P=0.000; t=0.759, P=0.032). Serum AGR2 levels of lymph node metastasis group before and after treatment were higher than those of no lymph node metastasis group (t=6.879, P=0.000; t=2.700, P=0.009). Serum AGR2 levels of carotid sheath and skull base involvement groups before treatment were higher than those of non-involvement groups (t=8.342, P=0.000; t=8.255, P=0.009). Serum AGR2 levels of cranial nerve involvement group before and after treatment were higher than those of non-involvement group (t=7.743, P=0.000; t=3.021, P=0.004). The serum AGR2 level after treatment in complete response patients [(13.86±2.93)μg/L] was significantly lower than that in partial response patients [(15.85±3.24)μg/L, t=2.267, P=0.028] and invalid patients [(20.65±6.59)μg/L, t=4.935, P=0.000]. The serum AGR2 level in partial response patients was significantly lower than that in invalid patients (t=3.196, P=0.004). Conclusion The level of serum AGR2 in NPC patients increases obviously. AGR2 plays an important role in the genesis and development of NPC, and can be used as a new marker of NPC for judging the clinical therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. Key words: Nasopharyngeal neoplasms; Pathology, clinical; Anterior gradient 2

KARAKTERISTIKE NOSILACA ULOGA U ELEKTRONSKOM MALTRETIRANJU

Istraživanje je sprovedeno s ciljem izdvajanja uloga učesnika u elektronskom maltretiranju, posebno uloge svedoka koja je u prethodnim istraživanjima često zanemarivana. Drugi cilj je bio ispitivanje nekih faktora rizika od uključenosti u elektronsko maltretiranje, a s obzirom na pripadnost određenoj ulozi u elektronskom maltretiranju. Uzorak je obuhvatio 285 učenika iz Sremske Mitrovice (141 mladić, 144 devojaka), uzrasta od 15 do 19 godina. U istraživanju je korišćen Revidiran inventar elektronskog maltretiranja (RCBI), zajedno sa kratkim upitnikom kojim se meri način i dužina vremena provedenog na internetu i roditeljska uključenost u vreme provedeno na internetu. Pored toga, primenjena je i kratka forma inventara Velikih pet plus dva za ispitivanje bazičnih dimenzija ličnosti. Na osnovu skorova na RCBI, ispitanici su podeljeni u pet grupa, odnosno uloga: oko 40% ispitanika ne učestvuje u maltretiranju ni na koji način, 14.7% ispitanika su svedoci, a za oko 45% ispitanika se može reći da su uključeni u maltretiranje kao nasilnici (6%), žrtve (13%) i nasilnici-žrtve (26%). U cilju predikcije pripadnosti nekoj od sačinjenih grupa, na osnovu određenih karakteristika ponašanja na internetu, roditeljske kontrole i osobina ličnosti, primenjena je multinominalna logistička regresija. Iako je model značajan, sve grupe se međusobno značajno ne razlikuju po ispitivanim varijablama. U odnosu na grupu adolescenata koji nisu uključeni u elektronsko maltretiranje, grupa nasilnika većinu vremena za računarom provodi na društvenim mrežama, uz višu roditeljsku kontrolu vremena provedenog na internetu. Grupa žrtava se ne razlikuje značajno od grupe neuključene u maltretiranje po ispitivanim varijablama, dok grupa svedoka izveštava o nižoj kontroli i interesovanju roditelja za vreme provedeno na internetu. Grupu nasilnika-žrtava karakteriše veći broj mladića, viša negativna valenca, niži neuroticizam i veća roditeljska kontrola/ograničavanje vremena provedenog na internetu.

Correlation analysis between cardiac damage and genotype in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Objective To explore the evolution of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with cardiac damage. Methods Clinical data of 144 DMD patients who were clearly diagnosed by gene detection were collected and analyzed. According to the results of ultrasonic cardiography, they were divided into cardiac involvement group (N = 50) and non-involvement group (N = 94). The correlation between genotypes and cardiac damage was analyzed. Results Compared with non-involvement group, cardiac involvement group had larger atrium and ventricle ( P < 0.01), thicker posterior wall of left ventricle and interventricular septum ( P = 0.031, 0.001), as well as lower left ventricular ejection fraction ( P = 0.034). In addition, the mutation rates of DMD gene in exon 3 ( P = 0.047), exon 4 ( P = 0.047), exon 21 ( P = 0.047), exon 22 ( P = 0.040) and exon 53 ( P = 0.033) were increased significantly, indicating that mutations had a correlation with cardiac damage. Conclusions The main performance of DMD cardiac damage is dilated cardiomyopathy. It has more possibility to cause cardiac damage when DMD gene mutation is closer to the end of 5'-terminal. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.06.007

The Timing Effect of Bullying in Childhood and Adolescence on Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors.

This longitudinal study investigated the timing effect of bullying on developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors from middle childhood to adolescence. We focused on the relation of (a) only an early experience of bullying (i.e., desisters) to subsequent externalizing behaviors in adolescence and (b) only a late experience of bullying (i.e., late-onsetters) to the concurrent externalizing behaviors in adolescence. Their trajectories of externalizing behaviors were compared with the persisters and to the non-experience group. Individual growth curve modeling was conducted using 440 child-mother dyads from the Springfield Child Development Project, a community-representative, longitudinal study over a 6-year period that included four time interviews. We modeled the changes in child aggression and delinquency from 7 to 19 years of age as a function of bully status group. Results indicated that the levels of aggression and delinquency for the desisters decreased over time (with the cessation of bullying in adolescence) and were significantly lower than those of the persisters and similar to those of the non-involved group at the end of the trajectory (cessation effect). For the late-onsetters, the level of delinquency increased over time (with the onset of bullying behaviors in adolescence) and were significantly higher than those of the non-involved group and similar to those of the persisters at the end of the trajectory (onset effect). The aggression for the late-onsetters, however, did not support the onset effect. This study implies that we need to pay more attention to intervening for late-onset.

Bullying victimization and conduct problems among high school students in Taiwan: Focus on fluid intelligence, mood symptoms and associated psychosocial adjustment

Adolescents with a history of being bullied or conduct problem demonstrate substantial emotional disturbances as well as psychosocial maladjustment. Data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS), a nationwide longitudinal cohort database, were analyzed. A total of 32,390 high school students were included in this study. Data was collected via a self-report questionnaire. An estimated 9025 youth (31.8%) reported a history of bully victimization (4.0%), conduct problems (23.9%), or both (3.9%). The bullied and bullied/conduct groups demonstrated poorer fluid intelligence than the noninvolved group. Meanwhile, the bullied/conduct group had the highest depression–anxiety scores, the lowest fluid intelligence, and the poorest psychosocial adjustment. At two-year follow-up, the conduct and bullied/conduct groups reported lack of intention for further education. All three involved groups showed increased exposure to illicit drugs. These results provide evidence that school bullying and conduct problem are extensive public health threats that are worthy of prevention and intervention efforts.

Bullying Among Children in Split, Croatia: Association with General, Psychosocial, Behavioral and School Variables

The first aim was to determine the prevalence of bullying behavior in the city of Split, Croatia. The second aim was to associate the specific bully status with demographic, family, psychosocial, behavioral, and school variables. This cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires included 567 children and 166 teachers. Study results revealed 16.3% of all children to have been involved in bullying behavior. Regression analysis revealed the bullies as compared to the non-involved group to be significantly associated with aggressive behavior, children's approving attitude towards aggressiveness, and male gender. Our overall prevalence rate and associations of variables were in accordance with the other international studies. Interventions for male pupils who have manifest bully behavior and have aggressive attitudes, as well as for their families, need to be a priority.

Emotional and behavioural problems in the context of cyberbullying: a longitudinal study among German adolescents

Although many studies have reported on internalising and externalising problems related to cyberbullying roles, there is a lack of longitudinal research in this area. This study reports (1) cross-sectional data from 412 German middle-school students to examine differences between cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbully–victims compared to non-involved students in regard to internalising (depressiveness and loneliness) and externalising (instrumental and reactive aggression) problems; and (2) longitudinal data from 223 students about links of cyberbullying and cybervictimisation with internalising and externalising problems across two measurement occasions, analysed using path analysis (separately by gender). Self-report measures were used. The results revealed no significant differences between groups in internalising problems, but all three cyberbullying groups differed significantly from the non-involved group in externalising problems. Female victims showed increases in externalising problems while male victims did not show changes across time in either internalising or externalising problems. Male bullies reported decreases in internalising problems across time. For boys, scoring high in both cyberbullying and cybervictimisation led to increases in loneliness, while for girls this predicted decreases in reactive aggression.

Adolescent Non-Involvement in Multiple Risk Behaviors: An Indicator of Successful Development?

Based on the conceptualization of successful development as the joint maximization of desirable outcomes and minimization of undesirable outcomes (Baltes, 1997), the present study examined connections between adolescent non-involvement in multiple risk behaviors and positive developmental status. Results from a survey of 7290 high school students were used to define four profiles of risk behavior involvement (complete non-involvement, some involvement, some high-risk involvement, predominantly high-risk involvement) based on self-reported involvement in nine risk behaviors (alcohol, smoking, marijuana, hard drugs, sexual activity, minor and major delinquency, direct and indirect aggression). Groups were compared across intrapersonal (risk behavior attitudes, temperament, well-being, religiosity, academic orientation), interpersonal (parental relations, parental monitoring, friendship quality, victimization, unstructured activities), and environmental (school climate, neighborhood conditions) domains. Despite some similarities between the complete non-involvement and some involvement groups, the complete non-involvement group had the most positive self-reports compared to each of the other groups in each developmental domain. At the same time, higher levels of positive development were not exclusive to the complete non-involvement group. Implications for research and theory related to connections between adolescent non-involvement in risk behaviors and successful development are discussed.