Non-invasive Physical Treatments Research Articles

Short-term Effects of Non-invasive Physical Plasma Treatment on Genomic Stability.

The application of non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) generates reactive oxygen species. These can lead to chemical oxidation of cellular molecules including DNA. On the other hand, NIPP can induce therapeutically intended apoptosis, which also leads to DNA fragmentation in the late phase. Therefore, to assess unwanted genotoxic effects, the formation of DNA damage was investigated in this study in discrimination from apoptotic processes. Mutation events after NIPP application were analyzed in CCL-93 fibroblast cells using the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase assay. Additionally, DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and double-strand breaks (DSB) were quantified by performing the alkaline comet assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. DSBs were quantified by phospho-histone 2AX-p53-binding protein 1 co-localization DSB focus assay. The data were compared with cell death quantification by the caspase-3/7 apoptosis assay. Treatment with NIPP led to exceedingly rapid damage to genomic DNA and the appearance of DNA SSBs and DSBs in the initial 4 h. However, damage decreased again within the first 4-8 h, then the late phase began, characterized by DNA DSB and increasing caspase-3/7 activation. Although NIPP treatment leads to extremely rapid damage to genomic DNA, this damage is reversed very quickly by efficient DNA-repair processes. As a consequence, only those cells whose genome damage can be repaired actually survive and proliferate. Persistent genotoxic effects were not observed in the cell system used.

Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Treatment after Tooth Extraction in a Patient on Antiresorptive Medication Promotes Tissue Regeneration

Postoperative tissue regeneration can be negatively affected by bisphosphonate administration, especially in patients with oncologic diseases. A serious complication of bisphosphonate therapy is the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), which can be observed mainly after dental surgery. MRONJ is a progressive destruction of the bone that requires patients to stay in hospital for extended periods of time. For this reason, primary wound closure is particularly important in surgical procedures. In the case of wound dehiscence, there is a very high risk for MRONJ. In recent years, non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) has become known for improving wound healing on the one hand, but also for its promising efficacy in cancer therapy on the other hand. We report on a 63-year-old patient with a history of multiple myeloma and receiving zoledronate, who developed wound dehiscence after tooth extraction. NIPP treatment resulted in complete epithelialization of the entire wound dehiscence. In conclusion, the use of NIPP in patients receiving antiresorptive drugs seems to support tissue regeneration and thus could be an important tool for the prevention of MRONJ.

Mechanomodulation: Physical Treatment Modalities Employ Mechanotransduction to Improve Scarring

Every year, surgical interventions, traumatic wounds, and burn injuries lead to over 80 million scars. These scars often lead to compromised skin function and can result in devastating disfigurement, permanent functional loss, psychosocial problems, and growth retardation. Today, a wide variety of nonsurgical scar management options exist, with only few of them being substantiated by evidence. The working mechanisms of physical anti-scarring modalities remained unclear for many years. Recent evidence underpinned the important role of mechanical forces in scar remodeling, especially the balance between matrix stiffness and cytoskeleton pre-stress. This perspective article aims to translate research findings at the cellular and molecular levels into working mechanisms of physical anti-scarring interventions. Mechanomodulation of scars applied with the right amplitude, frequency, and duration induces ECM remodeling and restores the ‘tensile’ homeostasis. Depending on the scar characteristics, specific (combinations of) non-invasive physical scar treatments are possible. Future studies should be aimed at investigating the dose-dependent effects of physical scar management to define proper guidelines for these interventions.

Chemodrug-Gated Biodegradable Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Nanotheranostics for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy/Chemotherapy of Cancer.

Noninvasive physical treatment with relatively low intensity stimulation and the development of highly efficient anticancer medical strategy are still desirable for cancer therapy. Herein a versatile, biodegradable, hollow mesoporous organosilica nanocapsule (HMONs) nanoplatform that is capped by the gemcitabine (Gem) molecule through a pH-sensitive acetal covalent bond is designed. The fabricated nanocapsule exhibits desirable small molecule release at the tumor tissues/cell sites and shows a reduced risk for drug accumulation. After loading indocyanine green (ICG), the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) inhibitor, and 17AAG and modification with polyethylene glycol (NH2-PEG), the resulting ICG-17AAG@HMONs-Gem-PEG exhibited a precisely controlled release of ICG and 17AAG and low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) (∼41 °C) with excellent tumor destruction efficacy. In addition, ICG loading conferred the nanoplatform with near-infrared fluorescence imaging (FL) and photoaccoustic (PA) imaging capability. In short, this work not only presents a smart drug self-controlled nanoplatform with pH-responsive payload release and theranostic performance but also provides an outstanding low-temperature PTT strategy, which is highly valid in the inhibition of cancer cells with minimal damage to the organism. Therefore, this research provides a paradigm that has a chemodrug-gated HMONs-based theranostic nanoplatform with intrinsic biodegradability, multimodal imaging capacity, high low-temperature PTT/chemotherapy efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity.

Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Technology Modulates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Neurodegeneration.

In this study, the effects of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC), a non-invasive physical treatment, on neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of parkinsonism induced by intoxication with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), were investigated in vivo. We found that the REAC tissue optimization treatment specific for neuro-regenerative purposes (REAC TO-RGN-N) attenuated the inflammatory picture evoked by MPTP-induced nigro-striatal damage in mice, decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators. Besides, there was a significant reduction of both astrocyte and microglial activation in MPTP-treated mice exposed to REAC TO-RGN-N. These results indicated that REAC TO-RGN-N treatment modulates the pro-inflammatory responses and reduces neuronal damage in MPTP-induced parkinsonism.

WITHDRAWN: Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache.

Non-invasive physical treatments are often used to treat common types of chronic/recurrent headache.To quantify and compare the magnitude of short- and long-term effects of non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches.We searched the following databases from their inception to November 2002: MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, Dissertation Abstracts, CENTRAL, and the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Pain, Palliative Care and Supportive Care review group. Selected complementary medicine reference systems were searched as well. We also performed citation tracking and hand searching of potentially relevant journals.We included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches to any type of control.Two independent reviewers abstracted trial information and scored trials for methodological quality. Outcomes data were standardized into percentage point and effect size scores wherever possible. The strength of the evidence of effectiveness was assessed using pre-specified rules.Twenty-two studies with a total of 2628 patients (age 12 to 78 years) met the inclusion criteria. Five types of headache were studied: migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic, a mix of migraine and tension-type, and post-traumatic headache. Ten studies had methodological quality scores of 50 or more (out of a possible 100 points), but many limitations were identified. We were unable to pool data because of study heterogeneity. For the prophylactic treatment of migraine headache, there is evidence that spinal manipulation may be an effective treatment option with a short-term effect similar to that of a commonly used, effective drug (amitriptyline). Other possible treatment options with weaker evidence of effectiveness are pulsating electromagnetic fields and a combination of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS] and electrical neurotransmitter modulation. For the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache, amitriptyline is more effective than spinal manipulation during treatment. However, spinal manipulation is superior in the short term after cessation of both treatments. Other possible treatment options with weaker evidence of effectiveness are therapeutic touch; cranial electrotherapy; a combination of TENS and electrical neurotransmitter modulation; and a regimen of auto-massage, TENS, and stretching. For episodic tension-type headache, there is evidence that adding spinal manipulation to massage is not effective. For the prophylactic treatment of cervicogenic headache, there is evidence that both neck exercise (low-intensity endurance training) and spinal manipulation are effective in the short and long term when compared to no treatment. There is also evidence that spinal manipulation is effective in the short term when compared to massage or placebo spinal manipulation, and weaker evidence when compared to spinal mobilization. There is weaker evidence that spinal mobilization is more effective in the short term than cold packs in the treatment of post-traumatic headache.A few non-invasive physical treatments may be effective as prophylactic treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches. Based on trial results, these treatments appear to be associated with little risk of serious adverse effects. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive physical treatments require further research using scientifically rigorous methods. The heterogeneity of the studies included in this review means that the results of a few additional high-quality trials in the future could easily change the conclusions of our review.

The application of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease patients

Objective To explore the application value of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and electrophysiological research. Methods Fifty-six PD patients treated in the Department of Neurology of our hospital from September 2010 to September 2012 were randomly divided into 2 groups, group A (N = 28) and group B (N = 28). Patients in group A were given conventional drug treatment and rehabilitation training, while patients in group B were given low frequency rTMS on the basis of conventional drug treatment and rehabilitation training. After 3 weeks, the scores of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), resting threshold (RT), cortical latent period, nerve root latent period, central motor conduction time (CMCT) and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between 2 groups. Results After intervention, the emotion, ability of daily living and motor function of patients in group B was obviously improved, and the scores of UPDRS in group B were significantly lower than that in group A ( P 0.05). Conclusion The effect of low frequency rTMS in the treatment for PD is evident, safe and reliable, and with less adverse reaction. It can be used as a noninvasive physical treatment measure for PD.

Ultrasonic sonoporation can enhance the prostate permeability

As possible existence of the blood-prostate barrier and decreased prostate permeability due to inflammation, it is difficult to form an effective drug concentration in prostate tissues, which influences medication efficacy. This is one of principal reasons why it is difficult to treat prostate diseases including prostatitis etc. How to increase the permeability of drugs into prostate is inevitable to become an issue concerned by clinical research. Ultrasonic sonoporation may increase permeability of cells and tissues, so we propose a hypothesis that sonoporation induced by ultrasonic cavitation may increase the permeability of prostate tissues. This may be a non-invasive physical treatment method, and it has better safety and validity, and higher clinical value.

Early Recovery of Urinary Continence After Radical Prostatectomy Using Early Pelvic Floor Electrical Stimulation and Biofeedback Associated Treatment

We analyzed the benefit of the early combined use of functional pelvic floor electrical stimulation and biofeedback in terms of time to recovery and rate of continence after radical prostatectomy. A total of 60 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in the study. Patients were prospectively randomized to a treatment group (group 1) vs a control group (group 2). In group 1 a program of pelvic floor electrical stimulation plus biofeedback began 7 days after catheter removal, twice a week for 6 weeks. Each of the 12 treatment sessions was composed of biofeedback (15 minutes) followed by pelvic floor electrical stimulation (20 minutes). The evaluation of continence was performed at time 0, at 2 and 4 weeks, and at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months during followup. Evaluations were performed using the 24-hour pad test and the incontinence section of the International Continence Society questionnaire. The mean leakage weight became significantly lower (p <0.05) in group 1 than in group 2 starting at 4 weeks until 6 months of followup. A significant difference (p <0.05) between groups 1 and 2 in terms of percentage of continent patients was achieved from 4 weeks (63.3% group 1 and 30.0% group 2) to 6 months (96.7% group 1 and 66.7% group 2). Early, noninvasive physical treatment with biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation has a significant positive impact on the early recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.