Non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr Research Articles

T duality and Wald entropy formula in the Heterotic Superstring effective action at first-order in \u03b1\u2032

We consider the compactification on a circle of the Heterotic Superstring effective action to first order in the Regge slope parameter α′ and re-derive the α′-corrected Buscher rules first found in ref. [42], proving the T duality invariance of the dimensionally-reduced action to that order in α′. We use Iyer and Wald’s prescription to derive an entropy formula that can be applied to black-hole solutions which can be obtained by a single non-trivial compactification on a circle and discuss its invariance under the α′-corrected T duality transformations. This formula has been successfully applied to α′-corrected 4-dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes in ref. [21] and we apply it here to a heterotic version of the Strominger-Vafa 5-dimensional extremal black hole.

Noncommutative scalar field in the nonextremal Reissner-Nordström background: Quasinormal mode spectrum

In our previous work [18] we constructed a model of a noncommutative, charged and massive scalar field based on the angular twist. Then we used this model to analyze the motion of the scalar field in the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole background. In particular, we determined the QNM spectrum analytically in the near-extremal limit. To broaden our analysis, in this paper we apply a well defined numerical method, the continued fraction method and calculate the QNM spectrum for a non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. To check the validity of our analytic calculations, we compare results of the continued fraction method in the near extremal limit with the analytic results obtained in the previous paper. We find that the results are in good agreement. For completeness, we also study the QNM spectrum in the WKB approximation.

Quasinormal modes of charged fields around a Reissner-Nordström black hole

The quasinormal spectrum of a charged scalar field around a non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole, specially in the limit of large electromagnetic interaction, has been comprehensively studied only very recently. In this work, we extend the analysis to Dirac fields using the continued fraction method and compare the results with the scalar case. In particular, we study the behaviour of the fundamental quasinormal mode as a function of the black hole's charge and of the electromagnetic interaction parameter. We derive an analytical formula for the quasinormal frequencies in the limit of large electromagnetic interaction. As the extremal limit of black hole charge is approached, we show that, unlike the case of neutral fields, the imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies approach zero for charged fields.

Global Embedding of the Reissner-Nordström Metric in the Flat Ambient Space

We study isometric embeddings of non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om metric describing a charged black hole. We obtain three new embeddings in the flat ambient space with minimal possible dimension. These embeddings are global, i.e. corresponding surfaces are smooth at all values of radius, including horizons. Each of the given embeddings covers one instance of the regions outside the horizon, one instance between the horizons and one instance inside the internal horizon. The lines of time for these embeddings turn out to be more complicated than circles or hyperbolas. The obtained embeddings are also smooth at all values of radius for extremal and hyperextremal black holes.

Non-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole: do asymptotic quasi-normal modes carry information about the quantum properties of the black hole?

We analyze the largely accepted formulas for the asymptotic quasi-normal frequencies of the non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole, (for the electromagnetic-gravitational/scalar perturbations). We focus on the question of whether the gap in the spacing in the imaginary part of the QNM frequencies has a well defined limit as n goes to infinity and if so, what is the value of the limit. The existence and the value of this limit has a crucial importance from the point of view of the currently popular Maggiore's conjecture, which represents a way of connecting the asymptotic behavior of the quasi-normal frequencies to the black hole thermodynamics. With the help of previous results and insights we will prove that the gap in the imaginary part of the frequencies does not converge to any limit, unless one puts specific constraints on the ratio of the two surface gravities related to the two spacetime horizons. Specifically the constraints are that the ratio of the surface gravities must be rational and such that it is given by two relatively prime integers N, M, whose product is an even number. If the constraints are fulfilled the limit of the sequence is still not guaranteed to exist, but if it exists its value is given as the lowest common multiplier of the two surface gravities. At the end of the paper we discuss the possible implications of our results.

Nonextremal black holes are BPS

Extremal charged black holes are BPS solutions. It is commonly thought that their nonextremal counterparts are not. Further, experience with BPS solutions in flat spacetime suggests that all BPS solutions are supersymmetric; i.e. that they are invariant under some supersymmetry charges of either the original field theory or an appropriately extended version thereof. Using nonextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes as counterexamples, we show that neither of these expectations is universally valid. These black holes correspond to a one-parameter family of BPS solutions. By showing that, subject to one very plausible assumption, no generalized Killing spinor can be constructed for these, we show that there is no supergravity theory for which these BPS solutions preserve a fraction of the supersymmetry, nor is there an associated Witten-Nester positive energy bound.

The generalized Heun equation in QFT in curved spacetimes

In this article we give a brief outline of the applications of the generalized Heun equation (GHE) in the context of Quantum Field Theory in curved space-times. In particular, we relate the separated radial part of a massive Dirac equation in the Kerr-Newman metric and the static perturbations for the non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution to a GHE.

Non-extremal D-instantons

We construct the most general non-extremal deformation of the D-instanton solution with maximal rotational symmetry. The general non-supersymmetric solution carries electric charges of the SL(2,R) symmetry, which correspond to each of the three conjugacy classes of SL(2,R). Our calculations naturally generalise to arbitrary dimensions and arbitrary dilaton couplings. We show that for specific values of the dilaton coupling parameter, the non-extremal instanton solutions can be viewed as wormholes of non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes in one higher dimension. We extend this result by showing that for other values of the dilaton coupling parameter, the non-extremal instanton solutions can be uplifted to non-extremal non-dilatonic p-branes in p+1 dimensions higher. Finally, we attempt to consider the solutions as instantons of (compactified) type IIB superstring theory. In particular, we derive an elegant formula for the instanton action. We conjecture that the non-extremal D-instantons can contribute to the R^8-terms in the type IIB string effective action.

Maximal slicing for puncture evolutions of Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black holes

We prove by explicit construction that there exists a maximal slicing of the Schwarzschild spacetime such that the lapse has zero gradient at the puncture. This boundary condition has been observed to hold in numerical evolutions, but in the past it was not clear whether the numerically obtained maximal slices exist analytically. We show that our analytical result agrees with numerical simulation. Given the analytical form for the lapse, we can derive that at late times the value of the lapse at the event horizon approaches the value $\frac{3}{16}\sqrt{3}\ensuremath{\approx}0.3248,$ justifying the numerical estimate of 0.3 that has been used for black hole excision in numerical simulations. We present our results for the nonextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om metric, generalizing previous constructions of maximal slices.

BTZ black holes and the near-horizon geometry of higher-dimensional black holes

We investigate the connection between the BTZ black holes and the near-horizon geometry of higher-dimensional black holes. Under mild conditions, we show that (i) if a black hole has a global structure of the type of the nonextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes, its near-horizon geometry is ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{2}$ times a sphere, and further (ii) if such a black hole is obtained from a boosted black string by dimensional reduction, the near-horizon geometry of the latter contains a BTZ black hole. Because of these facts, the calculation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the absorption cross sections of scalar fields is essentially reduced to the corresponding calculation in the BTZ geometry under appropriate conditions. This holds even if the geometry is not supersymmetric in the extremal limit. Several examples are discussed. We also discuss some generalizations to geometries which do not have AdS near the horizon.

Can a nonextremal Reissner-Nordström black hole become extremal by assimilating an infalling charged particle and shell?

By using the gedanken experiments suggested by Bekenstein and Rosenzweig, we show that a nonextremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole cannot turn into an extremal one by assimilating an infalling charged particle and a charged spherical shell.